逆量子化 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [nìliángzihuà]
逆量子化
英文
inverse guantization-
The chemical compositions of sei films formed on the interfaces of a3000 samples in different electrolytes during the first charging process are mainly li2co3 and lioco2r, but their textures are different. the sei films formed in ec - based electrolytes are thin and compact, which can prevent the solvated lithium ions from cointercalating between two graphene layers of the graphite crystallites effectively, therefore samples a3000 have small irreversible capacities and good compatibilities with this kinds of electrolytes. however, the sei films formed in pc - based electrolytes are thick but defective, which could not effectively prevent solvated lithium ions from intercalation, therefore sample a3000 shows large irreversible capacities in pc - based electrolytes and bad compatibilities with this kind of electrolytes
A _ （ 3000 ）試樣在六種不同的電解液中，首次充電過程中所形成的sei膜，其化學組分均為碳酸鋰和烷基碳酸鋰，但在ec基電解液中形成的sei膜薄而緻密，可以有效地阻止溶劑化鋰離子插入石墨層間，不可逆容量少，表現出與a _ （ 3000 ）試樣有良好的相容性；在pc基電解液中形成的sei膜厚，且有缺陷，不能有效地阻止溶劑化鋰離子嵌入試樣中石墨微晶的層間，不可逆容量大，與a _ （ 3000 ）試樣的相容性極差。Histochemical staining in tl transgenic tobaccos showed that sigp1 promoter was not only organ - specific ( especially expressed in leaves and guard cells ), but also highly inducible by multi stress treatment such as drought, aba, high salinity and low temperature. quantitative analysis showed that gus activity in roots was very weak and no great changes were observed after treatment
通過對t1代轉基因苗的組織化學定位表明，該啟動子驅動的gus基因在逆境（如乾旱、 aba 、高鹽和冷）脅迫的葉片中表達，根中不表達，且老葉中的表達量高於幼葉中的表達量，說明其表達受發育階段的調控。The study shows that the early and late seed rains of constructive tree species in evergreen broadleaved forest at chongqing simian mountain had no activity. the bigger the seeds of the species and the earlier or later the seeds of the species matured, the higher the proportion of the seed rain damaged by animals. the quantitative variation of seed rain, active seed rain and seed bank did not take place at the same time. at early time, the number of seed banks of castanopsis fargesii, lithocarpus glabra, quercus myrsinrefolia, castanopsis plasyacantha, cinamomum subavenium. which own more active seed rain increased by geomitric series. the seed banks of castanopsis orthacantha and schima argentea were small, only survived a short time, and did not sprout next year. the quantitative dynamics of seed banks and their increasing or decreasing rates were decided by the proportion damaged by animals, dying speed of seeds and their resistance to pathogens and adverse circumstances, and the state of seed germination
對重慶四面山常綠闊葉林建群種種子雨、種子庫的研究表明，建群種早期和晚期的種子雨無活力;種子偏早或偏晚成熟及大籽粒的樹種，其種子雨被取食的比例大;種子雨、有活力種子雨、種子庫三者的數量變化不一致;有活力種子雨量較大的栲、石櫟、小葉青岡、扁刺栲、香桂等，其種子庫密度在早期以近幾何級數的方式增長，元江栲、銀木荷種子庫小，存在時間短，翌年無一年生萌發苗;種子庫數量動態、消減率動態決定於種子被取食的強度、種子衰老的速度以及種子對病菌、逆境的抗性和種子萌發的整齊性The stability of electric power system has been being focused for a long time toprevent a power system from losing synchronism after sudden fault ， researchers have done much work and got many accomplishments this paper applied the direct feedback linearization ( dfl ) technique on the power system ， a strong nonlinear system simulation results by matlab proved this method efficiency main works and results are as follows ： this paper compared some existing methods in excitation control ， fast valve control and coordinated control respectively, analyzed the developments and actuality of nonlinear control research in brief, illustrated why ransient stability could be greatly improved by using the fast valve control in chapter 3 ， indicated the importance of coordinated control farther this paper introduced the inverse system theory, based on which ， discussed the dfl theory, pointed out which had consistency with the inverse theory, expanded the dfl theory combined the idiographic model equations ， made which adapt to the model of a single machine - infinite bus power system this paper referenced abundance articles and educed a set of equations ， which could describe the dynamical process of excitation and fast valve control for synchronous generators in the equations ， there were several very important parameters of power system - - rotor angle ( ) ， rotor speed ( ) ， generator q axis voltage ( eq ) ， transient voltage ( e ' q ) ， active power ( pe ) ， mechanical input power ( pm ) ， valve opening ( ) ， generator terminal voltage ( vt ) ， based on the model ， nonlinear coordinated controller and terminal voltage optimal controller have been designed by using the expanded dfl theory and lq optimal control theory the simulation results showed that the controller could keep power system transiently stable under the effects of a symmetrical 3 - phase short circuit fault ， which achieved better postfault regulation compared with another two routine methods ， one is the proportion excitation controller and proportion fast valve controller, the other is the proportion excitation controller and the optimal fast valve controller, which could exert good performance when met 1ittle disturbance either
在介紹逆系統理論的基礎上，詳細介紹了dfl理論，通過比較闡明了dfl理論其本質是逆系統方法的一類，並結合具體課題推導出的模型方程將dfl理論進行了擴展，使之適應于電力系統這個強非線性對象。通過參考大量的書籍文獻推導出一套實用的可將大型汽輪發電機勵磁與汽門綜合起來進行控制的模型方程，此模型方程涵蓋了電力系統中特別引人注目的幾個量- -轉子角、轉子轉速、發電機q軸電勢eq 、暫態電勢e ' q 、有功功率pe 、機械功率pm 、汽門開度、機端電壓vt ，在此基礎上建立了實用的電力系統簡化的數學模型，並將擴展的dfl理論應用於此模型系統，結合線性二次型最優控制理論設計出大型汽輪發電機的非線性綜合控制器及機端電壓最優控制器，通過模擬實驗與採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁控制器+汽門比例控制及採用常規的按電壓偏差進行調節的比例式勵磁調節器和基於二次型性能指標設計的最優快控汽門（考慮發電機的飽和因素）進行了對比，證實了採用此種控制器可以有效地提高電力系統的暫態穩定性，並且在電力系統遭受小干擾時同樣具有良好的調節性能。The stretching vibration of v = o shifts to lower wavenumbers, which is contributed to the oet v : = o bonding interaction. the intercalation of peo effectively shields the electrostatic interaction between li + ions and v2o5 layers, resulting in the improvement of the cycling reversibility and stability of li + ions insertion / extraction in the interlayer of v2o5 xerogel and the improvement of electrochromic behavior of the films
通過電學、電化學和光學性能測試結果表明: peo的嵌入，有效屏蔽了vzos層對li十離子的靜電作用及peo與li十離子之間產生的絡合作用，大大提高了li +離子在氧化物層間的嵌入容量、嵌入/脫出可逆性和穩定性，有效提高了薄膜的電致變色性能尤其是在近紫外區的陰極電致變色性能。Compared with limn2o4, li2mn2o4 has lower reversible capacity, in that the net charge of lithium ion increases, accordingly interactions between lithium ion and oxygen one strengthen, leading to difficulty for lithium ion to deintercalate
Li2mn2o4與limn2o4相比，錳離子的凈電荷幾乎不變，表明錳離子與氧離子的相互作用變化不大，大部分鋰離子和氧離子的相互作用增強，鋰離子脫出較為困難，可逆容量降低。In this thesis, the physical properties of a series of na2fepo4f cathode materials synthesized by various routes are instigated and discussed in the light of structural ( xrd ), thermal ( dta ) analyses and particle size distribution. their microstructures were studied by transmission electron microscope ( tem ) and scan electron microscope ( sem ). the electrochemistry property were evaluated with cells containing the synthesized na2fepo4f as positive electrode
本文將藉助x -射線衍射、掃描電鏡、透射電鏡、差熱分析以及電化學測試等方法，系統研究多種制備法對所合成的鈉離子二次電池正極活性材料氟磷酸亞鐵鈉的微結構以及循環可逆容量、循環伏安性能、交流阻抗譜的影響。Unlike inverters for general purpose, auxiliary inverters of subway vehicle have the characters of high power, wide range of high dc input voltage, entirely sealed electronic units and natural cooling. single pulse width modulation ( pwm ) technology is found to be optimal by comparing several different high power inverter technologies and is utilized in the 2 - channel staircase inverter discussed in this thesis
針對地鐵車輛輔助逆變電源的大功率、直流側輸入電壓高且變化范圍寬、輸出電壓穩定且波形質量高，電子部件全密封且要求自然冷卻的特點，分析比較了幾種大功率逆變器技術方案，選擇單邊脈寬調制階梯波合成逆變器為研究對象。It was found that in the simulated physiological solution, the hydrogen bindings between some amido groups in the mp - 11 molecules are decomposed and the mp - 11 dimers become monomers. it induces the increase in the contents of the a - helical and ( 3 - turn conformation, the decrease in the content of the random coil conformation of mp - 11 as well as the increase in the exposure extent of the heme group. therefore, the reversibility of the electrochemical reaction and the electrocatalytic activity of mp - 11 for h2o2 reduction increase comparing the situation in the aqueous solution
發現在模擬生理條件下， mp - 11分子的多肽鏈上一些酰氨基的氫鍵發生了解離，使部分雙聚的mp - 11分子變成單體分子， mp - 11分子二級結構中-螺旋和-轉角結構的含量增加，無規捲曲結構含量降低，導致了mp - 11分子中血紅素的暴露程度變大，因此mp - 11電化學反應的可逆性和對h _ 2o _ 2還原的電催化活性比在水溶液中有所增加。The power circuit of the system adopts the voltage frequency conversion structure of ac - dc - ac, and is composed of the commutation circuit, filter circuit and intelligence power module ( pm15rsh120 ). control circuit takes the dsp chip tms320lf2407 as core, including the pwm signal occurrence circuit, detect circuit of stator current and direct current voltage of generatrix, drive circuit of intelligence power module, detect circuit of speed, protect circuit of system etc. all of this builds the full digital vector control system of asynchronous motor
該系統的功率電路採用電壓型的交-直-交變壓變頻結構，由整流電路、濾波電路及智能功率模塊ipm （ pm15rsh120 ）逆變電路構成;控制電路以dsp晶元tms320lf2407為核心，加上pwm信號發生電路、定子電流檢測電路、直流母線電壓檢測電路、智能功率模塊驅動電路、速度檢測電路、系統保護電路等，構成了功能齊全的異步電機全數字化矢量控制系統。However, gus activity in leaves and epidermal strips increased with the prolongation of treatment time. in order to further understand the regulatory mechanism of stomatal movement, we studied one of transcription factors that might be related to stomatal movement. using rt - pcr we isolated atdofl. 7 from arabidopsis, which had a higher homology with stdofl whose expression was very high in guard cells
Gus活性熒光定量分析表明， sigp1啟動子驅動的gus活性在乾旱、 aba 、高鹽和冷等逆境處理下，在根的表達很微弱，且隨著處理時間的延長變化不大，但在葉片和表皮中的gus活性都有增加的趨勢。While testing ofeis at different depth of dischargeand charge - discharge at different charge - discharge rate reveale that, these material indicate lower conductivity at highcharge - discharge rate, resulting in bad electrochemical perforemence. melting - cooling and inorganic sol - gel were adopted, which facility - simpleand operating - easy, to prepare v _ 2o _ 5 xeroxes as positive material of li - ion battery. the comparision of structual and electrochemical performance between thesecathode materials were investigated for the first time. their electrochemicalbehaviorswerestudiedbygalvanostaticcharge - discharge, cyclicvoltammetry ( cv ), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ( eis ) techniques. the results indicte the sample that prepared by melting - cooling revealed moreexcellent performance at low charge - discharge rate, which achieved a high initialdischarge specific capacity of approximate 320 mah ? g - 1
通過各種充放電測試，循環伏安（ cv ）曲線以及電化學阻抗譜（ eis ）等測試手段對材料的電化學性能進行表徵，結果發現，在低倍率放電下，熔融淬冷法合成的材料具有更好的電化學性能， 0 . 1c恆流放電至1 . 8v時首次放電容量達320mah ? g - 1 ，並且發現， v _ 2o _ 5作為正極材料組裝成的鋰離子二次電池，除首次循環具有較大的不可逆容量外，其餘循環可逆且容量保持能力較好， 20次循環后，容量只衰減了6 . 40 % 。The explicit method is widely used for its simpleness and little memory consumed with local time step and variable coefficients implicit residual smooth to accelerate the convergence procedure. according to yoon and jameson ' s ideas, an efficient implicit lu - sgs algorithm is carefully constructed by combing the advantages of lu factorization and symmetric - gauss - seidel technique in such a way to make use the l and u operators scalar diagonal matrices, thus the numeric algorithm requires only scalar inversion. the computational efficiency is greatly improved with this scheme
顯式方法具有簡單，消耗內存小等優點，並採用當地時間步長、變系數隱式殘值光順等加速收斂措施，在定常流動的模擬中得到了廣泛的應用;根據yoon和jameson提出的簡化正、負矩陣分裂，構造的l 、 u運算元只需進行標量對角陣求逆，極大提高了流場數值求解過程的計算效率;採用newton類型的偽時間子迭代技術使時間推進精度提高至二階。In dtc system, the concept of space vector is introduced to analyze and control the ac motor, the electromagnetic torque and flux are caculated and controlled in the stator reference frame, and the optimal pwm gating signas are generated to control the inverter according to the output of the bang - bang regulator. in this paper, the dtc system is designed based on dsp. a speed estimation method is derived detailedly and the sensorless speed close - loop control is conducted. in this system, there are some problems, such as flux drift and torque ripple. to resolve these problem, a modified flux caculation method and some measures such as speed lpf, torque slide filtering are adopted. the system performance is enhanced by these mersures
直接轉矩控制採用空間矢量的概念來分析異步電機的數學模型和控制其各物理量，直接在定子坐標系中計算和控制轉矩和磁通，藉助于離散的兩點式調節（ bang - bang控制）產生pwm信號，直接對逆變器的開關狀態進行優化控制，以獲得轉矩的高動態性能。本文採用dsp設計了直接轉矩控制系統，詳細推導了速度估計方法，進行了無速度傳感器的速度閉環控制。分享友人