通商條款 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [tōngshāngtiáokuǎn]
通商條款
英文
commerce clause-
The second chapter firstly expounds upon some principles of incorporation clause in the b / l under c / p at common law : a clause which is directly germane to the subject matter of the bill of lading ( that is to the shipment, carriage and delivery of goods ) can and should be incorporated into the bill of lading contract ; the ancillary terms / clauses of the charter - party could not be incorporated into the bill of lading unless these ancillary terms / clauses are explained by the specific words in the charter - party or in the bill of lading ; presumed intention of charter - parties should be found by the incorporation clause ; an incorporation clause is subject to the loading, carriage and delivery of the goods ; only charter - party terms, which are usual and reason, could be included in the bill of lading etc. - 1 - based on these rules i elaborate on some terms of the charter - party which often arise disputes, for example freight clause, dead - freight clause, demurrage clause and arbitration clause etc. could be incorporated into the bill of lading or not ; if could how these clauses should be incorporated into b / l
第二章首先闡明英美普通法中對租約提單中併入條款解釋的幾大原則：與合約標的事項直接關聯的原則； 「附屬性條款」需有效合併的原則；合併條款要尋求雙方訂約的意願；合併主要是針對與貨物運輸和貨物交付有關的內容；合併的條款必須公平合理等原則。然後根據這些原則，具體闡述租約中容易產生糾紛的條款，如運費條款、虧艙費條款、滯期費條款、仲裁條款等條款能否併入提單，如何併入提單的問題。在具體說明的過程中，也闡述了我國海商法的規定及實務中的做法，並盡可能對其進行分析，指出其中不完善之處，並試圖提出一些改進的方法。Compared with non - standard clauses, there is no place in standard clauses for the parties to negotiate because of the serious imparity of their economic status. however, the inequality can ’ t change the essence of standard clauses and it is still a kind of clause of civil contract in nature
與普通合同條款相比較，格式條款具有不可協商性、雙方當事人經濟地位不平等等顯著特徵，但這些特徵的存在並沒有改變其性質，就性質而言，格式條款仍然是民事合同條款。Open forum on the draft substantive patent law treaty splt
商標局在其注冊申請受理通知書中加入說明條款To add " there are many loopholes in the operation and sales practices of telecommunications service providers, " after " that, as " ; to add " and such complaints from the public are often not followed up effectively by government departments, " after " in recent years, " ; to add " stipulate corresponding penalties " after " to cover pay television, " ; and to add " ; furthermore, as the hong kong housing authority has signed agreements with pay television operators, these operators can enter the buildings to set up and maintain communal aerial systems and can deploy front - line promoters to approach the residents to sell other various commercial services, using the provision of exclusive maintenance and supply services as a selling point and adopting unscrupulous means to entice or mislead the residents into signing an agreement with them, causing great disturbance to the residents ; in this connection, the government must adopt measures to combat such sales malpractices, take the initiative to inform public rental housing tenants of the rights and responsibilities of the operators and, when the operators resort to malpractices or malpractices are reported by residents, take immediate action to investigate the matter and issue warning to and penalize the operators concerned ; the government must also review the problem of inequity in accessing system information by consumers and the telecommunications service providers, whereby consumers have no means or right to obtain true and accurate information about the systems that they are using and can only pay the fees according to the volume, system and time slots of their calls shown on the records provided unilaterally by the service providers, and in case of queries about such information, the decision of the service providers prevails and there is no channel for the consumers to dispute or verify ; to this end, the government should expeditiously study how to ensure that consumers have the rights to know, choose, verify, appeal and claim for compensation in the provision of telecommunications services including pay television, local and cross - boundary telecommunications and internet services " after " in the contracts "
在"鑒于"之後加上"各電訊服務提供者的營運和銷售存在不少漏洞， "在"不斷增加， "之後加上"而市民的投訴又往往得不到政府部門的有效跟進處理， "在"收費電視， "之後加上"訂定相應的罰則， "及在"標準合約條款"之後加上"此外，由於香港房屋委員會與收費電視營辦商簽訂協議，該等營辦商可進入大廈鋪設及維修公共天線系統，並調派前線銷售人員，以獨家提供維修及供應服務作為招徠，向住戶推銷其他各種商業服務，以不當手法誘使或誤導住戶與他們簽約，對居民造成很大困擾就此，政府必須採取措施打擊上述違規營銷的手法，並主動告知公屋住戶該等營辦商的權責范圍，遇有營辦商作出違規的行為或居民舉報營辦商的違規行為時，須立即追查，並向有關營辦商發出警告及作出處分政府亦須檢討現時消費者與電訊服務供應商所獲系統資訊並不對等的問題，即消費者無從及無權得知他們所選用系統的真實資料，令他們只能按服務供應商單方面提供有關通話量通話系統及通話時段的記錄繳交費用，遇有消費者質疑上述資料時，往往只由服務供應商作最終決定，消費者無從申辯或查證就此，本會促請政府盡快研究如何就各類電訊服務包括收費電視本地及跨境電訊網際網路等的提供，確保消費者享有知情權選擇權覆核權投訴權及索償權" 。In commerce and shipping respect, our country and italy, australia, canada, japan, united states, thailand, malaysia, brazil and country were signed more than 100 have trade relations, nautical treaty, trade agreement and commerce and pay agreement or protocol, these all carry most - favored - nation provision in treaty, agreement or protocol
在貿易與航運方面，我國與義大利、澳大利亞、加拿大、日本、美國、泰國、馬來西亞、巴西以及國家簽訂了百余個通商、航海條約、貿易協定以及貿易和支付協定或議定書，這些條約、協定或議定書中均載有最惠國條款。Having a glance at our daily life, you may easily find that there exists such a phenomenon that most of our contracts are manipulated by one party without mutual agreement. contracts in insurance, banking, public houses leasing, water and electricity supply, vehicle and aircraft transportation, postal and telecommunication service domain are usually concluded not through offer - accept procedure but through the procedure that one party present all the conditions, the other party ( consumer ) can only generally accept or otherwise. there is no room for bargain. this kind of contract is called form contract
只要留心就會發現，在我們生活中存在這樣一種現象，即我們所簽訂的合同中有相當一部分未經雙方協商一致即由對方一手操縱，例如與日常生活關系密切的保險、銀行、公房租賃、水電供應、車船飛機運送、郵政電訊服務等合同，都沒有經過通常的要約? ?承諾的簽約過程，而是由一方（通常是由賣方或提供服務的一方）提出合同的全部條款，對方（消費者）只能概括地全部接受或全部不接受，沒有討價還價的餘地。We must assess how trade secret law might effectively respond to its new environment, but not only make technical amendments identifying employee blogging as merely another form of traditional misappropriation
法學界應對商業秘密法如何有效地適應博客環境進行研究，而不是僅僅通過增加補充條款將員工博客視為傳統侵權的一種形式。From april 2003 to march 2004, fehd issued a total of 806 warning letters and 755 default notices to contractors for breach of contract terms. about $ 1. 7 million of contract fees were deducted as a result
由二三年四月至二四年三月，食環署就承辦商違反合約條款共發出了八百零六封警告信及七百五十五封失責通知書，因而扣減的合約酬金約為一百七十萬元。This agreement is made and entered into on this date and shall obligate the undersigned parties and their partners, associates, employers, employees, affiliates, subsidiaries, parent companies, any nominees, representatives, successors, clients and assigns hereinafter referred to as “ the parties ” jointly severally, mutually and reciprocally to the terms and conditions expressly stated and agreed to below and this agreement may be referenced from time to time in any document ( s ), or written agreements and the terms and conditions of this agreement shall apply to any exchange of information written or oral involving financial information, personal or corporate names, contracts initiated by or involving the parties and any addition, renewal, extension, rollover amendment, renegotiations or new agreement hereinafter referred to as “ the transaction ” ( project / transaction ) for the purchase of all commodities, products and equipment
這項協議已經進入了議程，並應責以下簽字的當事各方和他們的合作夥伴公司，聯營公司，僱主，雇員，分支機構，子公司，母公司，和任何被提名人，代表，繼承人，客戶，並為其指定以下簡稱"各方"共同分開，可相互對等，以條款及條件明文規定，並獲通過下面這個協議可以參照，不時在任何文件，或書面協議和條款及條件本協議適用於任何信息交流，以書面或口頭方式，涉及的財務資料，個人或公司的名字，合同發起或參與的各方及加建，重建，擴建，滾動修正，重新談判或新的協議以下簡稱為"該交易" （工程/交易）用於購買所有商品，產品和設備。The documents which shall follow this agreement such as letters of intent, full corporate offers, bank comfort letters, contract terms and conditions, banking details or pre - advised payment instruments and / or any information contained in such documents may not be passed, under any circumstance, to another intermediary or broker or trader or any company or private persons who are not end buyers or end suppliers without prior specific written consent of the party ( s ) providing such information
合同條款應經簽署需經合作方或互利合作的第三方同意.文件應按照意向書，責任供貨函（完整的共同報價） ，銀行保函，合同條款，銀行詳細資料和預先通知支付票據來做.在任何情況下給非終端購買者或終端供應商另一中間或經紀人或商人或任何公司或個人，在沒有優先特別經簽約方書面同意提供這些信息，任何信息在這些文件中將不能通過Trade terms : trade terms used in this contract shall be governed by the provisions of “ incoterms ” 2000 adopted by the international chamber of commerce
貿易條款：本合同所適用的貿易條款由國際商會2000年國際貿易術語解釋通則決定。Ofta s work in this aspect includes licensing and regulation of services ; setting equipment and network connection standards ; type - approving telecommunications equipment ; administering the numbering plan ; handling issues concerning access to land and provision of physical facilities for the installation of networks, including the co - ordination of access to buildings by operators and laying of ducts for telecommunication cables in public roads ; and handling and investigating consumer complaints pertaining to suspected breach of provisions in the telecommunications ordinance and licence conditions
包括規管電訊服務及簽發牌照、制定電訊器材及網路接駁的標準、檢定無線電器材類型、管理電訊服務號碼計劃、處理有關進入土地和提供有形設施作網路裝設用途的事宜，包括協調營辦商進入樓宇及在公用道路為通訊電纜鋪設管道，以及處理和調查與涉嫌違反《電訊條例》和發牌條款有關的消費者投訴。Because the telecommunication rules are constituted for the whole telecommunication sector, < wp = 7 > so the analysis includes not only specific consideration of the mobile operators, but also some common comprehensions of all telecommunication operators and governors
鑒于wto電信規則是針對整個電信服務行業，所以文中的分析既有移動通信經營者對具體條款的獨特考慮，亦有一些論述是所有電信運營商、電信管理部門的共性理解。Additional profit through planning gain can be shared by the developer and the community by means of section 106 agreements and carbon trading
規劃過程中獲取的額外收益可通過106法令條款和碳交易實現，由開發商和社區共同分享。The text is analyzing and discussing several important and controversial legal issues on the motor vehicle third party liability compulsive insurance, putting forward some standpoints and speculations. in addition to the preface and postscript, the full text is totally divided into five parts. chapter one firstly introduces several controversies in the judicatory fulfillment on the motor vehicle third party liability compulsive insurance which caused by the judgment of the national first case, which under the background of the implement of “ road traffic safety method ”, but at that time “ the motor vehicle compulsive insurance regulation ” did n ' t yet pedestal
《道路交通安全法》雖然規定了機動車的無過失責任原則，以圖更好保護弱者受害人利益，但實際上由於機動車強制保險未真正落實，保險公司仍使用商業保險條款，否認機動車責任險具有「強制性」 ，導致在面對交通事故進行賠付時出現功能錯位，從而增加了機動車一方的賠償責任，也使受害方得不到應有的救濟，沒有體現無過錯責任原則的社會承擔性。If the parties are reluctant to settle the dispute through consultation or mediation or they fail in settling the dispute thereby, they may apply to an arbitration agency for arbitration in accordance with the arbitral clause in the contract or in accordance with the written arbitration agreement reached between them subsequently
當事人不願通過協商、調解解決或者協商、調解不成的，可以依據合同中的仲裁條款或者事後達成的書面仲裁協議，向仲裁機構中請仲裁。The parties shall then in good faith renegotiate the terms and conditions as to replace the invalid or unenforceable provision by a valid provision, the effect of which is the closest possible to the intended effect of the invalid or unenforceable provision
當事人應當本著誠信通過協商的方式重新達成一些條款或條件，來取代那些無效的或不可執行的條款，新條款的意思應當盡可能地與被認定無效或不可執行的條款相接近。Any part returned for warranty claim must be returned through the dealer or distributor from whom it was purchased
本條款下的任何產品的索賠必須通過售出該產品的批發商或經銷商。Trademarks : sybex has attempted throughout this book to distinguish proprietary trademarks from descriptive terms by following the capitalization style used by the manufacturer
商標： sybex已在整本書中通過遵循被製造廠使用的大寫字母寫風格試圖把專有的商標與描述的條款相區別。Both parties agree to attempt to resolve all disputes between the parties with respect to the application or interpretation of any term hereof of transaction hereunder, through amicable negotiation
合同雙方就本合同規定交易任一條款的適用和解釋所產生的所有爭議同意力求通過友好協商予以解決分享友人