過大的落差 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [guòdàdelàchā]
過大的落差 英文
excess fall
  • 過 : 過Ⅰ動詞[口語] （超越） go beyond the limit; undue; excessiveⅡ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 落 : 落名詞[方言] （北方對蓮花落的俗稱） a kind of folk song
  • 差 : 差Ⅰ名詞1 （不相同; 不相合） difference; dissimilarity 2 （差錯） mistake 3 [數學] （差數） differ...
  • 落差 : 1 （水位的差數） drop2 （蓄水高度） head3 fall head; [地質學] throw; drop height; falling head落...
  1. And then facing the problem of the channel estimation of the adaptive modulation system, we conclude out the channel estimation algorithms on maximum likelihood ( ml ) estimation and maximum a posteriori ( map ) estimation under the condition of flat fading channel and selective fading channel in detail. to meet flat fading channel, we simulate the relationship of the ratio between the error covariance in map estimation and ml estimation and pilot symbol message length. the conclusion can be drawn from these results

    接著，對自適應調制系統中的通道估計問題難點，詳細推導了平衰落通道條件下和選擇性衰落通道條件下最大似然（ ml ）估計和最大后驗概率（ map ）估計演算法，針對平衰落通道，我們模擬了map估計和ml估計的方差與導頻符號長度的關系，模擬結果表明，錯誤方差受多譜勒頻率的變化影響最大，並且對實際的自適應調制系統，導頻符號長度的取值超過20個符號長度時， map通道估計明顯優于ml通道估計。
  2. However, compared with the advance agriculture productive patterns, china is still laid behind, such as ; outdate technique means, low product quality and coexisting of relative overplus and shortage outputs

    但是，我國的農業技術和產品質量與世界先進水平還存在巨大的落差，表現為生產技術落後、產品質量不高、產品過剩和短缺並存等現象。
  3. A stripping uint with the cross - flow fan was developed, aimed to reduce the grain losses at the rear of the stripping drum reduce the blocking to the air outlet sifter and diffuse dust. this dissertation gives overall scheme of the rig and had mad experimental study

    針對非氣吸式割前摘脫裝置在收獲作物時，出風口篩面發生堵塞使裝置內流場變差，導致裝置的落粒損失率過大；以及出風口處煙塵四散，影響了駕駛員的視野和危害工作人員的身心健康等生產中存在的問題。
  4. The control system of mould level is crucial to improve the slab quality in the continuous casting process, pid controller is used in the traditional mould level control, and it has some defaults, such as : at the start - up or finishing period of casting or during the changeover of tundish, pid control has a bad effect, its overshoot is large and its transient time is long ; the erosion of the tundish stopper and the submersed nozzles lead to the accuracy of control become bad ; the abrupt falloff of block in the submersed nozzles makes the level acutely fluctuate, and pid control can not overcome the disturbances resulted from the change of casting speed

    結晶器液位控制系統是提高連鑄產品質量的關鍵環節，傳統的連鑄機液位控制方法採用常規的pid控制，存在如下不足：開始、結束澆注和換中間罐澆注時，控制效果差，超調量大，過渡時間長；塞棒頭和浸入式水口被腐蝕后引起控制精度差；浸入式水口堵塞物的突然脫落所引起的液位劇烈波動；無法克服拉速波動引起的擾動。
  5. Franz had remained for nearly a quarter of an hour perfectly hidden by the shadow of the vast column at whose base he had found a resting - place, and from whence his eyes followed the motions of albert and his guides, who, holding torches in their hands, had emerged from a vomitarium at the opposite extremity of the colosseum, and then again disappeared down the steps conducting to the seats reserved for the vestal virgins, resembling, as they glided along, some restless shades following the flickering glare of so many ignes - fatui. all at once his ear caught a sound resembling that of a stone rolling down the staircase opposite the one by which he had himself ascended. there was nothing remarkable in the circumstance of a fragment of granite giving way and falling heavily below ; but it seemed to him that the substance that fell gave way beneath the pressure of a foot, and also that some one, who endeavored as much as possible to prevent his footsteps from being heard, was approaching the spot where he sat

    弗蘭茲在那條廊柱的陰影里差不多躲了一刻鐘光景，他的目光跟隨著阿爾貝和那兩個手持火把的向導，他們已從斗獸場盡頭的一座正門里轉了出來，然後又消失在臺階下面，大概是參觀修女們的包廂去了，當他們靜悄悄地溜過的時候，真象是幾個倉皇的鬼影在追隨一簇閃爍的磷火，這時，他的耳朵里突然聽到一種聲音，好象有一塊石頭滾下了他對面的臺階，在這種環境里，一片肅落的花崗石從上面掉下來原是算不得什麼稀奇的，但他覺得這種石塊似乎是被一隻腳踩下來的，而且似乎有個人正向他坐的這個地方走過來，腳步極輕，象是竭力不讓人聽到似的。
  6. Because the well reservation of the advantages of traditional large sacle advertising airboat, thoughtful design and argumentation on every level has been made, the dimension of the airboat reduced to 9 - 16 meters, adaptable area remarkably increased, flying agility obviously improved, a place as large as a playground is enough for it s taking off or landing, a space as size as a bus warehouse is sufficient to store the airboat, the advertising area of the airboat on it s two sides become less to 9 - 12 square meters, the altitude where such airboat can fly is much lower than that that drives person, presenting a little difference in views of the people on the ground, so capable to take the place of human - driving airboat, on the other hand when the size reduced, the operation, use, freight and maintenance become very easy, easy operation become it s first advantage : remote controllable, no professional driver needed, common personal can operate it after a short trainning, trainning time ranges from 3 - 5 days single, 15 - 30 days for people

    是因為它完美的保留和發展了大型載人廣告飛艇的優勢，為此我們進行了方方面面且深入細致的設計和論證，首先縮小了飛艇的尺寸， 9至16米長，大大的增加了飛艇的適用范圍，使飛行的靈活性得到了改善，學校操場大小的地方就可從容的起飛降落，大客車或大貨車的車庫便能存放，廣告面積雖然也小了，每單側9至12平米，可遙控飛艇的飛行高度也比載人艇的飛行高度低很多，以地面的視覺效果來看效果相差非常小，足以代替載人艇，其次是飛艇縮小后，整艇的操作使用運輸維護也都大大的簡化了，操作簡便是它的第一大優點：由於是遙控飛艇，就不需要專業的駕駛員來操作，普通人經過短期的技術培訓就可勝任，培訓期每單人為三至五天，多人視人數十五至三十天。
  7. Firstly, by an in - depth study on chinese commercial banking and their foreign counterparts, this paper points out the great differences of intermediate business innovation between chinese and western commercial banks regarding innovation products variety, scale, technology, etc. secondly, comparing the institution regarding intermediate business innovation and microeconomic - body behavior of chinese commercial banking with foreign ones within an analysis framework from the perspective of institutional economics and game theories, this paper shows that a number of reasons account for the emerging of intermediate business innovation, including external economic environments as well as internal factors within the financial system and technology, among which the institutional factors within the financial system being the most important. at the same time, by comparison with western developed countries " counterparts, the innovation of chinese banking institution lags far behind the development of banking business in main aspects of property rights, managerial system, compensation arrangement and organization system. thus, the backward innovation of banking institutions and twisting microeconomic - body behavior seriously strict intermediate business innovation

    本文首先通過對中外商業銀行進行較為深入的調查研究指出，與西方發達國家商業銀行相比，我國商業銀行中間業務創新無論是在業務創新品種、規模上還是在技術手段上，都存在著巨大差距；其次，運用制度學分析和博弈分析框架將中外商業銀行中間業務創新制度及微觀主體行為進行比較得出：商業銀行中間業務創新產生的原因有多種，如外部經濟環境因素、金融體系內部因素和技術因素等，其中最根本的是金融體系內部的制度性因素；與西方發達國家商業銀行制度相比，我國銀行制度創新遠遠落後于銀行業務的發展，主要表現在產權制度、經營制度、分配製度和組織制度等方面；銀行制度創新的滯后及其微觀主體行為的扭曲嚴重製約著中間業務創新，尤其是我國銀行產權關系不明晰，在國有獨資產權框架下政府? ?行長及上級行長? ?下級行長兩種委託代理行為帶來了嚴重的問題，導致了我國銀行中間業務創新動力不足。
  8. A large planar microphone array, which consists of 111 microphones, was successfully applied to obtain a two - dimensional mapping of the sound sources on a landing aircraft. the focus of study in this paper is on the landing gear noise source. the spectra, directivities and sound pressure levels of flap side - edge noise of 7 narrow - board commercial aircraft and 7 wide - board commercial aircraft are presented. it is found that the landing gear noise spectrum is broadband with some single tones in some cases. the directivity of the total sound pressure level of a landing gear noise resembles that of a horizontal dipole. the level differences between the various aircraft landing gears are larger than those expected from the airspeed differences. it is thus expected that the louder noise emission of the landing gears can be reduced by redesigning

    應用由111個傳聲器組成的平面傳聲器陣列對當前流行的民用客機進場著陸過程中的機體噪聲源進行了實驗測量，本文對七架窄體客機和七架寬體客機的起落架噪聲進行了分析，得到了起落架噪聲的頻譜特性、指向特性和聲級變化.研究發現，起落架噪聲的頻譜是由寬頻隨機噪聲與一些較為明顯的單音噪聲源組成，起落架噪聲的指向性類似於一個水平放置的偶極子.不同飛機起落架噪聲的聲級相差較大，這說明可以通過重新結構設計降低起落架噪聲。
  9. The results show that the damages to the appearance of concrete structures exposed to atmosphere, including honeycombing, cracking along rebar, rebar corrosion, and concrete delamination, are quite serious, that the poor quality of concrete construction, the insufficient thickness of local concrete cover, and the rebar corrosion expansion and dilatancy induced by carbonization of concrete cover are the main causes, and that the main form of damages to the overflow structure is the abrasion resulted from water scouring

    結果表明，水閘的水上（大氣中）混凝土結構外觀破損十分明顯，露石露砂、順筋裂縫、鋼筋銹蝕、混凝土破損剝落等已十分嚴重；引起破壞的主要原因是混凝土施工質量較差，局部保護層厚度不足，混凝土保護層碳化引起鋼筋銹蝕脹裂，而水流沖刷磨蝕是水閘過流結構破壞的主要形式。
  10. Results show that the brittle fracture is mainly caused by hydrogen brittleness that results from the oxidation arid absorbing hydrogen of copper tube during braze welding

    同時在加熱和冷卻時，由於異種材料的熱脹系數差別過大，產生的較大熱應力作用於已存在的裂紋，促使裂紋二次擴展，甚至使得晶粒脫落產生空洞，最終導致焊接接頭漏氣失效。
  11. China has entered wto, that means the customs duties as well as the non - tariff barrier must be eliminated, and this causes " the major industry " or " the extra large type of enterprise " in domestic in the absolute superiority originally turned into relatively " the small and medium - sized enterprises " ; and challenge and competition caused by multinational corporations is in our own country ; because enterprise ' s technical level and idea of management in our country is backward relatively, the difference of strength phase is disparate with the multinational corporation in the competitive process, therefore, strategy management to small and medium - sized enterprise ' s research and implementation is on watershed in our country

    中國「入世」后，意味著那些關稅以及非關稅壁壘必須消除，大量的跨國公司則趁機大舉進入中國，搶灘后利用其資金、技術、管理、人力等優勢迅速瓜分市場，這就使得原先在國內處于絕對優勢的「大型企業」或「特大型企業」變成了相對的「中小型企業」 ，並在家門口直接遭遇跨國公司短兵相接的挑戰和競爭;由於我國企業的技術水平和管理理念與那些跨國公司相比，相對比較落後，在與跨國公司的競爭過程中實力相差懸殊，所以對我國中小企業戰略管理的研究和實施就顯得更加意義重大。
  12. So the foundation is set for its practical use. 4 the acting - straight - sorting and dropping plug set is designed, which can solve the sorting plugs unclearly because of the difference between individual plug seedlings, and can raise the punctuality of sorting plug seedlings and the veracity of plug seedling dropping into the lead - plug - seedling - tube, in addition, the working frequency of acting - straight cylinder is calculated by analysis to the movement and strength of the key parts in this system which can accelerate the transplanting rate to 3 plants per second, further more, a lot of operated experiments indicate that the working reliability of this set can be raised under the condition of the proper seedling transplanting speed

    4採用直動? ?雙擋銷式分缽落苗系統，不僅解決了因為缽苗個體差異帶來的分缽不清的問題，而且提高了缽苗分缽的準時性和缽苗落入導苗管的準確性；同時，通過對該系統工作過程的主要工作參數的運動和受力情況分析，確定了該系統各直動汽缸的工作頻率，使分缽落苗速度達到3株/秒以上，進一步通過大量試驗對其進行驗證，證明了該系統在滿足栽植速度要求的前提下，可以大大提高了系統的工作可靠性。
  13. As far as the system observation for accuracy evaluation of carrier rocket is concerned, there may exist different types of observed data and priors. heterogeneous information means that the different information describing the different characteristics of the same object. since all of the information is relevant to the same object, the fusion is possible. it is a key problem that how to fuse the heterogeneous information to obtain the better evaluation result. therefore, the different heterogeneous information and data is thoroughly studied, moreover, the mathematical description for information fusion of different parameter priors and data is constructed in this paper. based on their relationship between different parameters, indirect prior and observation data is transformed into prior in impact point observation space, which is fused with original prior by weight determined by maximum entropy rule to obtain the mixed posterior distribution. therefore, the test results can be given by combining posterior distribution and impact error observed data. then its application on evaluating guidance systematic error is elaborated as it applies trajectory tracking data, test value of coefficients of guidance instrumentation systematic error, impact point observation data and prior. especially, the advantage of this method lies in its application in case that guidance instrumentation systematic error may not be computed precisely. finally a detailed example on evaluation of carrier rocket is given to verify the theory

    為充分利用運載火箭觀測中的不同觀測空間和過程的信息來進行精度評估，針對該背景建立了異質先驗融合的數學描述.研究了飛行試驗中不同觀測空間和過程的異質先驗信息和數據，基於不同觀測過程的解析關系，將間接過程的先驗和觀測數據算出的后驗分佈轉換成落點觀測空間上的先驗，與原落點的先驗進行了最大熵加權融合，得到混合后驗分佈，從而結合落點觀測數據給出評定結果.在無法解算出精確的制導工具誤差系數的情況下，這種方法充分利用了彈道跟蹤數據、工具誤差系數的地面測試先驗值、落點先驗及落點數據，穩健性更好，準確性更高
  14. The artide, the process contrd in construction project, analyzed the inner aned outer environment of the construction enterprise, considered the advanced managing experience of some construction enterprises in and out of china, researched the managing theories and summarized the practice experience from project cost contrd, progress contrd, quality contrd and capital contrd, and tried to find an efficacious way to superintend the process of the construction, the article indude five parts : 1. the necessity and strategic significance of carrying out the contructinn project process contrd. 2. the current situations and main problems of the project process contrd in china. 3. the experience of the project process contrd in and out of china, and the revelation for us. 4. the methods and contents of enhancing the project contrd in enterprise, include the methods and contents of the project cost contrd, highlighting quality contrd and improving quality standard, highlighting quality contrd and improving quality standard, the contrd of project planning progress and resource management, strengthening financial management and increasing the profits. 5. speeding up the reform of the project control institution, improving the scientific and efficacious managing institution, improving the scientific and efficacious managing institution, and some key respects in the project management process

    所有者缺位，企業沒有真正地建立起現代企業制度，決策缺乏科學性，人本管理、企業文化建設、制度建設沒有真正地的落到實處，企業的經營權力過分集中，經營者負盈不負虧，拼資源的現象普遍存在，管理水平不高，盈利能力較弱，競爭能力不強，人員素質較差，是大部分國有企業內部的通病。 《施工項目過程式控制制》這篇文章，通過對施工企業所處內外環境的客觀分析，結合國際國內的一些施工企業的先進管理經驗，從項目成本控制，進度控制，質量控制，資金控制等方面進行理論探索及實踐總結，力爭找出一條有效監控施工企業施工過程的成熟的管理之路，全文共分五個部分：一、實施施工項目過程式控制制的必要性及其戰略意義。二、當前我國項目控制的現狀及其存在的主要問題。
  15. Both absolute difference and relative difference among per capita gdps of 14 cities ( prefectures ) increased year by year since 1990 - the absolute difference increased linearly - - and this increased tendency would n ' t change in short period. by counting the discrete and ratio between per capita gdp of every city ( prefectures ) and that of the total province, the relative development speed of every region and the industrial structure of every region, i think that the characteristic of the spatial structure of regional economic difference in hunan is that the area along the beijing - guangzhou railway line in the east of hunan developed fast, while the vast area in the west of hunan developed slowly, so the regional difference increased constantly. on the difference background between the east and the west of hunan, there is the difference between central region and fringe region, for one thing it shows ring difference, namely chang - zhu - tan internal ring, surrounding chang - zhu - tan medium ring, the outermost external ring, the most underdeveloped counties lie on the fringe and mountain regions in the west, south and east of hunan, for another it displays that the peripheral regions of 13 prefectural cities are more developed than the other

    文章還建立了反映基礎設施水平、經濟發展水平、社會發展水平的23個主要指標構成的湖南省區域差異衡量指標體系，在此基礎上，藉助spss統計分析軟體，運用主成分分析法，對湖南省14個市州經濟發展綜合水平的差異狀況進行了研究，結果表明：長沙市的經濟發展綜合水平在14個市州中遙遙領先，反映了湖南省經濟發展空間結構的「單極主導」特徵；通過計算人均gdp的標準差和標準差系數，研究區域經濟差異的總體水平及區域經濟不平衡發展的演變趨勢，發現90年代以來湖南省各市州人均gdp的絕對差異和相對差異都在逐年擴大，其中絕對差異隨年份直線上升，且這種差異擴大的趨勢在短期內難以改變；通過計算各市州人均gdp與全省人均gdp的離差和比率、各市州發展速度的差異及產業結構的差異，認為湖南省區域經濟差異的空間特徵是：湘東京廣沿線地區基礎較好，發展較快，湘西地區發展緩慢，地區差異不斷擴大；通過以縣為對象的差異研究發現在湘東湘西差異的大背景上還有核心區與邊緣區的差異，它一方面表現為長株潭內層、圍繞長株潭的中層、更遠的外層的圈層差異特徵，最落後的縣分佈於湘西、湘南、湘
  16. Now it is a popular administration information system. in the past several years, our companies have made a lot of achievements, but their management skills have been still very poor, especially compared with companies in advanced countries

    我國企業雖然經過十幾年的整頓和建設，企業管理水平較過去有了很大的提高，但從總體上看，我國企業管理水平還比較落後，與發達國家企業相比還存在很大差距。
  17. Research from cancer council victoria shows the overall five - year cancer survival rate was 61 per cent in 2004, up from 48 per cent in 1990

    澳大利亞維多利亞州的癌癥患者存活率已超過60 % ，但落後的數據收集和地區醫療服務的差異正在阻礙這一數字的進一步提高。
  18. Within the national park, geological formations in the form of monolithic rocks cover the vast area as well as various desert reptiles. after leaving the park, head towards the largest casino city in the world - las vegas

    公園由兩塊大型沙漠組成，由於高度落差大，在這里可以發現許多不同的生態環境，動物也超過二十餘種。
  19. Research of passing fault with comparatively high fall in fully mechanized top - coal caving face

    綜放面過較大落差斷層的實踐與研究
  20. The paper is composed of five chapters the first chapter first introduces the concept, characteristics and the course of development of the stock index futures, then deduces the pricing formula of stock index futures and further analyses the functions of stock index futures and the impact of its transaction on the fluctuation of the spot transactions. the second chapter demonstrates the need and feasibility of the introduction of the stock index futures in china. through the empirical analysis of the market risk of china ' s stock market, we can see that the risk difference between individual stocks, so a portfolio investment wo n ' t help much in risk aversion

    本論文共分為五章，第一章在介紹股票指數期貨的概念、特點以及產生與發展的過程的基礎上，對股票指數期貨的定價公式進行了推導，從而引出股票指數期貨的套期保值、指數套利、資產配置、組合保險等作用，進而分析股票指數期貨交易對股票現貨市場波動性的影響；第二章主要是對中國推出股票指數期貨的必要性和可行性進行論證，通過對中國股票市場風險測度的實證分析，得出了中國股票價格波動齊漲齊落，個股之間的風險差異小的特點，因此，投資者進行投資組合的避險效果就很有限，無論是個人投資者還是機構投資者，都必須面臨中國股票市場巨大風險的事實。
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