違反特約 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [wéifǎntèyāo]
違反特約 英文
breach of warranty
  • 違 : 動詞1. （不遵照; 不依從） disobey; defy; violate 2. （離別） part; leave; be separated
  • 反 : Ⅰ名詞1 （方向相背） reverse side 2 （造反） rebellion 3 （指反革命、反動派） counterrevolutionari...
  • 特 : Ⅰ形容詞（特殊; 超出一般） particular; special; exceptional; unusual Ⅱ副詞1 （特別） especially; v...
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  • 違反 : violate; run counter to; transgress; infringe
  • 特約 : engaged by special arrangement; contributing特約編輯 contributing editor; 特約分攤 special condit...
  1. Article 18 within the concession period, the relevant administrative departments shall have the power to inspect, evaluate and audit the concessionary projects, and correct the concessionaires ' acts in violation of the provisions of laws, regulations or rules as well as the concession contracts and give punishments according to law till call back the concession according to law

    第十八條特許期限內，有關行政主管部門有權對特許項目進行檢查、評估、審計，對特許經營者違反法律、法規、規章規定和特許協議約定的行為應當予以糾正並依法處罰，直至依法收回特許權。
  2. For the treaty about the responsibility ' s quality, have four kind doctrine, is a deflect to say respectively, and the act of law say, and the direct provision of law say that say with honest repute, and the writer more incline toward the honest repute to say, quanta this is the treaty about negligence responsibility this a special stage solicit of, the parties steer the activity relating to civil law the hour to must have the heart of bona fides the status, other doctrine all some lead long strong, treaty about of occasion, traditional standpoint it is an acknowledge concordat that negligence responsibility establish does not establish, void or reversed occasion

    對于締約責任的性質，有四種學說，分別是侵權行為說，法律行為說，法律直接規定說和誠實信用說，筆者更傾向于誠實信用說，因為這是締約過失責任這一特殊階段要求的，當事人進行民事活動時必須具備誠實善良的內心狀態，其他學說都有些牽強。對于締約過失責任成立的場合，傳統的觀點是只承認合同不成立、無效或被撤銷的場合。筆者認為也應包括合同成立的場合，因為他同時也侵犯了非違約方的固有利益，雖然這部分利益不佔重點，但我們不能否認她們的存在，比如標的物有瑕疵，締約人違反保證等。
  3. In the leading case of hochster v. de la tour, british court created the rule of repudiation in 1853, which allowed the victim to cancel contract and claim damages when the other party breached contract expressly. again in 1894 ' s mrs. single v. mr. single, british court established diminished expectation, allowing the victim to suspend his performance and to demand adequate assurance of the other party ' s performance if the other party breached main contract obligations, or to cancel contract and to claim damages when the other party failed to provide assurance of his performance

    本章第二節對明示預期違約進行了分析，從以下三方面展開：一、明示預期違約規則的確立與發展英美法最早於1853年英國法院在審理霍切斯特訴戴?納?陶爾案中確立了明示預期違約規則，允許預期違約的受害方當事人在對方違反合同主要義務時解除合同，並向違約方請求損害賠償。
  4. Fight me ! - the trojans have violated the agreement

    -和我打-特洛伊人違反了誓約
  5. The first interest centered around obtaining information from prisoners of war and enemy agents, in contravention of the geneva accords

    第一種興趣集中在從戰犯或地方特工那獲取信息，這違反了日內瓦公約。
  6. The use of poison - gases is a clear violation of international law, in particular of the “ geneva convention ”

    使用毒瓦斯，顯然違反國際公法，特別是違反「日內瓦」公約。
  7. The characteristics of home mortgages themselves determines that there will be poor liquidity of the assets and it is because of this that at present every bank closely restricts the term of the loan. a third defect is that there are large risks because the mortgage loan is a very long - term creditor ' s asset and the bank is faced with huge risks in the interest rates. in addition, credit risks will occur when the client losses their ability to repay the loan for any reason or when the client feels that the benefits of breaching the contract outweigh the losses and the bank, as the operator of the financial products as its main business, will promptly recover the mortgaged items

    儲蓄期限一般較短，而按揭貸款的還款期限較長，銀行長期資產與短期負債不匹配，就不能化解未來不確定性帶來的風險；二是資產的流動性和期限呈反方向變動，期限越長，流動性越低，住房抵押貸款本身的特性決定了其流動性較差，因此目前各銀行都嚴格限制貸款期限；三是風險大，由於按揭貸款是期限很長的債權資產，銀行面臨的利率風險就很大；另外，當客戶因某種原因失去償還能力或者認為違約產生的利益超過違約所產生的損失時，就會發生信用風險，而銀行以金融產品為主要業務，即使收回抵押物，但如何處置不良資產仍是諸多銀行頭痛的問題。
  8. - fight me ! - the trojans have violated the agreement

    -和我打-特洛伊人違反了誓約
  9. It follows from this that the arguments based by the applicant on the special circumstances which explained why the rate in force on 15 march 1973 for the approval procedures of vehicles manufactured in the united states was applied in error to the approval of vehicles which were manufactured in europe and which were the subject of parallel imports into belgium are irrelevant as regards the legal existence of the infringement

    原告基於特殊情勢來解釋為什麼在1973年3月15日時適用於美國產汽車的批準程序的價格被錯誤地適用於歐洲產的汽車的主張，以及平行進口至比利時的目標與違反條約的法律存在是沒有關系的，就是從這個客觀標準而來。
  10. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  11. Causes of dissolution dissolution is caused ： （ 1 ） without violation of the agreement between the partners ， by the termination of the definite term of particular undertaking specified in the agreement ； by the express will of any partner when no definite term or particular undertaking is specified ， by the express will of all the partners who have not assigned their interests or suffered them to be charged for their separate debts ， either before or after the termination of any specified term or particular undertaking ， by the expulsion of any partner from the business bona fide in accordance with such a power conferred by the agreement between the partners ； （ 2 ） in contravention of the agreement between the partners ， where the circumstances do not permit a dissolution under any other provision of this section ， by the express will of any partner at any time ； by any event which makes it unlawful for the business of the partnership to be carried on or for the members to carry it on in partnership ； by the death of any partner ； by the bankruptcy of any partner or the partnership ； by decree of court under section 32

    第三十一條合夥解散的原因下列情形發生時，合夥應當解散： （ 1 ）當合伙人之間的協議未被違反時，合夥協議約定的經營期限或者特定項目屆滿，合夥協議沒有約定經營期限或者特定項目，但某合伙人已明確表示不願繼續經營合夥業務，在約定的經營期限或特定項目屆滿之前或之後，所有未將其合夥利益進行分配或以其合夥利益償還其個人債務的合伙人明確表示不願繼續經營合夥業務，根據合伙人之間的協議授予的權力基於誠信將任一合伙人從合夥事務中除名； （ 2 ）當合伙人之間的協議被違反時，若當時的情形不允許根據本條規定解散合夥時，任一合伙人隨時明確表示不願繼續經營合夥事務；使合夥事務的繼續經營或合伙人繼續合夥成為非法的任何事件；任一合伙人的死亡；任一合伙人或合夥組織的破產；根據本法第32條中規定的法院做出的判決。
  12. Part iii on the research of liability of c. i. c. in the first place, according to the process of making a contract and the change in the force of a contract, the liability of c

    然後在此基礎上，分析了締約過失責任的四個法律特徵：在締約過程中產生的民事責任；違反先合同義務產生的民事責任；以信賴為基礎上的民事責任；一種彌補性的財產責任。
  13. This paper analyses domestic political and economic situation, then prescribes how to build and develop municipal bond market in china as to satisfy the large volume need of capital and money to prompt the growth of capital market in china. first, it introduces some basic concepts and axioms on municipal bonds, and points out the credit of local government is the base of market, emphasizing it is a reflect of corporation, the uniting of trust obligation and bankrupt restriction and has strict choice. then it gives a simple introduction on municipal bonds market in germany, france, and japan

    本文首先介紹了有關市政債券的一些基本概念和理論，強調了市政債券是地方政府法人資格的體現、是信託責任和破產約束的結合，有著嚴格的選擇性，並且強調地方政府信用在市政債券市場上的奠基作用和地方政府違約的反面經驗；接著簡要介紹了發達國家英國、德國和日本的市政債券市場，詳細介紹了美國的市政債券市場，指出美國市政債券的實質是地方政府的信用落實還債和擔保問題，它的關鍵在於通過信用增級提高信用水平，它的突出特點是利息收入免稅。
  14. The ioe reserves the right to terminate these arrangements in the event of any breach of the above requirements or any wilful misconduct which we consider brings the ioe into disrepute

    如果發生任何違反上述要求的情況或任何我們認為會破壞埃克斯波特學院名聲的不當行為時，埃克斯波特學院保留終止這些約定的權利。
  15. Part two mainly explores some institutions about the formation of company ' s capital, including minimum capital system, ways of shareholders investment and shareholders " liabilities to the breach of agreement on investment

    公司資本源於股東的出資，股東違反出資義務應承擔出資違約責任，本文對此重點分析了各國公司法在股東違反出資義務時賦予公司的特定的救濟手段。
  16. Might indicate a system - level problem cannot make a connection to the database, a logical problem no more rows in the result set, or a problem with the specific data the primary key for the row you just tried to insert already exists or violates an entity integrity constraint

    可能指示一個系統級問題（不能連接到數據庫） 、邏輯問題（在結果集中沒有更多的行）或者特定數據的問題（您剛才試圖插入行的主鍵已經存在或者違反實體完整性約束） 。
  17. On the basis of the principle of unbalanced legislation to protect the weak, this article presents a systematic research on the liability for the breach of labor contracts, which may apply a historical analysis, standard analysis as well as comparative research. chapter 1 probes into the definition of the liability for the breach of labor contracts and its characteristics, its common characteristics and its special characteristics. chapter 2 discusses the classifications of the liability for the breach of labor contracts : the employer " s liability for the breach of labor contracts and the labor " s liability for the breach of labor contracts or the primary liability for the breach of labor contracts and the subordinated liability for the breach of labor contracts, which may play the special and significant role in the liability for the breach of labor contracts. chapter 3 mainly discusses the constitutive requirements of the liability for the breach of labor contracts, which have a unbalanced character. the character is mainly reflected in fault. in general when the laborers break the contracts, we should apply the doctrine of liability for wrongs, while the employers, the doctrine of no - fault liability

    本文從「傾斜立法，保護弱者」的觀念出發，運用歷史考察、比較研究和規范分析等多種方法，對勞動合同違約責任的基本理論問題作了較全面系統的研究。第一部分探討了勞動合同違約責任的概念及其特徵，重點分析了勞動合同違約責任的特有特徵：傾斜性特徵和（可能）重合性特徵；第二部分論述了在勞動合同違約責任中具有特殊意義的分類? ?用人單位的違約責任、勞動者的違約責任與違反主給付義務的違約責任、違反附隨義務的違約責任。第三部分研究了勞動合同違約責任的構成要件，著重論述了勞動合同違約責任的構成具有不平衡性的特點，此特點體現在過錯要件中，一般說來，勞動者違約時，應采過錯責任原則；用人單位違約時，應采無過錯違約原則。
  18. Article 19. when the supervising and inspecting authorities are exercising supervision over and carrying out inspection of acts of unfair competition, the operators under investigation, interested parties and witnesses shall truthfully provide them with relevant data or information

    5大會應制定其本身的議事規則，其中包括特別會議的召集法定人數的要求及在不違反本條約規定的前提下作出各種決定所需的多數。
  19. The breach ' s essential charater embodies in the serious harmful consequence. and such breach is also the violation of the basic contract obligation and the harms of the contract right

    其基本特徵是違約後果的嚴重性，主要表現在： 1 ）合同義務人違反了合同的基礎義務， 2 ）對債權人的合同利益造成了嚴重損害， 3 ）債權人因而有權解除合同。
  20. And this type of liability should character in the course of entering a contract, one party breaching the obligation with subjective fault, making the other party losses and the function of compensation. on the issues of liability basis, by criticizing tort doctrine, legal behavior doctrine, and regulatory doctrine, points out that the theoretical basis of the liability id good faith. the material foundation is subject to the liability basis, and the liability not only in the circumstances of contract coming into existence, be announced invalid and be cancelled, but possibly exists on occasion that contract is valid

    首先，文章指出締約過失責任的概念應包涵產生時間、主觀狀態、先合同義務的違反及損害的產生四個關鍵因素，具有產生於締約過程中、一方因主觀過錯違反先合同義務、給對方造成損害以及彌補功能等特徵；在責任基礎的問題上，通過對侵權行為說、法律行為說、法律規定說等反對觀點的批駁，指出締約過失責任的理論基礎是誠實信用原則，其賴以產生的事實基礎除了致合同不成立之締約過失、合同被確認無效或被撤銷之締約過失外，提出了合同有效情況下締約過失存在的可能性。
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