違約事件 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [wéiyāoshìjiàn]
違約事件 英文
event 0f default
  • 違 : 動詞1. （不遵照; 不依從） disobey; defy; violate 2. （離別） part; leave; be separated
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  • 事 : 名1 （事情） matter; affair thing; business 2 （事故） trouble; accident 3 （職業;工作） job; wor...
  • 件 : Ⅰ量詞（用於個體事物） piece; article; item Ⅱ名詞1. （指可以一一計算的事物） 2. （文件） letter; correspondence; paper; document
  • 違約 : 1 （違反條約、契約） break a contract; violate a treaty 2 （失約） break one s promise; break off...
  1. Finally, delivery of cargo without original bills of lading promote the development of shipping in a way in practice, it has reasonability in existence. chapter three is writer ' s study for 10 leading cases of chinese maritime court and court of cassation concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, writer conclude as follows : chinese courts are inclined to regard it as breach of contract but not in tort in judicial practice ; chinese courts allow the plaintiff to choose to sue in tort or of breach ; chinese courts have abandoned the viewpoint of " who holder the bills who must have the right to sue " or " who holder the bills who must win the case " ; and in many cases concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, the court ignored plaintiff ' s actions against the carrier, it proved that carrier can escape reasonability of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading in some cases

    第三章論述我國海事法院及其上級法院就無單放貨案件審理的司法審判實踐研究，通過對十個法院判例的分析、歸納，筆者認為，在司法實踐中，法院越來越傾向于將無單放貨糾紛視為運輸合同糾紛處理，而不認定為侵權行為糾紛；法院允許原告起訴時以侵權起訴或違約起訴作出選擇；法院對提單持有人的訴權認定，已經不採用「誰持有提單誰就有訴權」與「誰持有提單就能保證勝訴」的觀點；有諸多的無單放貨的訴訟案例以被法院駁回起訴為結局，證明了無單放貨在特定情況下的合理性以及承運人有避免承擔責任的可能性。
  2. In the 19th century, the britain court differentiated th contract terms as " condition " and " warranty ". if a party to a contract violated the condition terms, which was regarded as substantial breach of contract, the other party woud consequently claim the rescission of a contract and do so, but only had the right to ask for compansation, if the warranty terms violated

    19世紀，英國法院將合同條款依其重要程度區分為「條件」和「擔保」兩類，當事人違反「條件」條款將構成根本違約，非違約方可以因此而解除合同；而當事人「擔保」條款時，非違約方無權解除合同，只能請求損害賠償。
  3. Precision pricing credit derivatives is its one of preconditions of exertion of efficiency of financial. pricing credit derivatives must at first choose the measure model of credit loss, default model of credit event, the model of rate of recovery payments and the uncertainty of mean of default rate. second, it is critic to choose one of structural model, intensity model and hybrid model for pricing credit derivatives

    合理定價信用衍生品是其發揮金融效率的前提之一，定價信用衍生品必須首先考慮信用損失的計量範式、信用事件的違約範式、殘值率的模型化方式和違約率均值的不確定性等方面；其次，還要確定具體的定價模型方式：結構化模型、強度模型或"雜合方式" 。
  4. The constitutive requirement for the substantial breach is the practical action of fundamental breach, which must have common breach character. in other words, the essential requirements the violation of the contract terms and its harmful consequence for the creditor and there is no need to require the subjective elements of the doer, which is the constitutive requirement of contract breach

    根本違約是對違約行為的一種分類，它首先是一種違約行為，因而它也應具備一般違約行為的構成要件：一是當事人之間存在有效的合同關系，二是當事人的一方或雙方實施有違返合同義務的行為。
  5. ? answers : estate business contract ought to have the following article : 1 ? of ? the full name of party or name, address ; 2 ? of ? number of estate right certificate ; 3 ? of ? borderline of the position that estate reposes, area, the four boundaries of a piece of land or a construction site ; the property of access of date of ground of land an administrative unit in xizang, land mixes 4 ? of ? year period ; 5 ? of ? the utility of estate ; 6 ? of ? buy sale price money and terms of payment and date ; the date that pay of 7 ? estate uses ? ; the rights and interests of public share shares 8 ? of ? the right that reachs mutual person is compulsory ; 9 ? of ? responsibility of breach of contract ; 10 ? of ? the settlement of contract dispute method ; the condition of become effective of 11 ? contract reachs ? time ; 12 ? of ? are bilateral think essential any other business

    ?答：房地產買賣合同應當具備以下條款： ? 1 ?當事人的姓名或者名稱、地址； ? 2 ?房地產權利證書編號； ? 3 ?房地產座落的位置、面積、四至界線； ? 4 ?土地宗地號、土地使用權的性質和年期； ? 5 ?房地產的用途； ? 6 ?買賣價款及支付方式和日期； ? 7 ?房地產交付使用的日期； ? 8 ?公用部分的權益分享及共有人的權利義務； ? 9 ?違約責任； ? 10 ?合同糾紛的解決辦法； ? 11 ?合同生效的條件及時間； ? 12 ?雙方認為必要的其他事項。
  6. Writer ' s view of point is that delivery of cargo without original bills of lading has the character of breaching of the contract, because releasing cargo against original bills of lading is carrier ' s legal liability in carrying out the carriage of goods by sea. also it has the character of action in tort, as if the actions violate the civil law of liability in tort, the doer shall take on the liability of compensation. however when actions are both of breach and in tort, the chinese law gives the victim the rights to choose to sue in tort or of breach, but some limitations in applying substantive law

    第二章論述無單放貨的法律性質，筆者認為，無單放貨具有違約性，因為保證憑正本提單交付貨物是承運人在履行海上貨物運輸合同中的一項法定義務；無單放貨具有侵權性，只要無單放貨行為構成承擔侵權行為民事責任的要件，無單放貨行為人就必須承擔賠償責任；同時，無單放貨的違約性和侵權性可能構成責任競合時，我國法律允許受害人可以選擇一個訴因行使其請求權，但對實體法請求權的選擇，法律作出了一定范圍的限制；最後，無單放貨在某種程度上促進了航運業的發展，我們不能一概加以否定，無單放貨在特定情況下具有一定的合理性。
  7. By analysis various responsibilities and rights of the mortgagors in the mortgage financing are clearly stated. after that, the author probes into the range of the object and suggests it should include the compensation of vessel, freight, rent, insurance damage, expropriation losses, etc. through devising the main clauses in the contract such as declaration and guarantee clauses, precondition clauses, stipulation clauses, breach clauses, etc., chapter x focuses on the content of the right and obligation of two parties and designs the pattern of normal vessel mortgage financing

    明確了船舶抵押融資主體和客體后，作者通過對反映雙方權利義務關系的借款合同和抵押合同主要條款內容的設計，如陳述與保證條款、先決條件條款、約定事項、違約條款等，詳細分析了抵押融資雙方在抵押融資活動中所享有的權利和應履行的義務的內容，設計了一般船舶抵押融資的模式。
  8. If party a asks to cancel the contract due to events beyond control, with the consent of party b, it should pay party b ' s return expenses, if party a cancels the contract without valid reason, it should pay party b ' s return expenses and pay a breach penalty to party b

    聘方因不可抗力事件要求解除合同，經受聘方同意后，離華費用由聘方負擔；聘方若無故解除合同，除負擔受聘方離華費用外，還應當向受聘方支付違約金。
  9. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  10. Based on the timing constraints event model of rtl ( real time logic ), the compiling algorithms for timing constraints event transform the problem of how to detect timing constraints event to the problem of how to find negative cycle in weighted directed graph, which is named as constraints graph. by simplifying constraints graph, the efficient detecting algorithms for timing constraints event have been developed, which not only has good time complexity but also can find events that violate timing constraints as early as possible. in order to verify the event detecting methods based on dynamic rules and to check its efficiency in application, experiment schemes are designed and performed on the implemented prototype system in linux environment

    帶時間約束事件的編譯演算法以rtl （ realtimelogic ）事件模型為基礎，將帶時間約束事件的檢測轉化為在帶權值的有向圖（此即受限圖）中尋找負圈的問題，它通過化簡受限圖得到最小有效約束集；運行時事件檢測演算法在最小有效約束集上檢查事件的時間約束，不但有較好的執行效率，而且能盡早地發現違反時間約束的事件。
  11. B. ? upon the happening of any event of default, all the rights and remedies ofbnzshall automatically become exercisable without the need of any notice being given to the customer, including but not be limited to all powers of sale of securities off - set and consolidation of accounts, cancellation of unperformed contracts, settlement of open contracts from the account ( s ) of the customer

    在任何違責事件發生的情況下， bnz可以無須通知客戶而將客戶帳戶內自動執行其全部的權利和補救措施，包括並不局限於出售抵押品來抵消、將所有帳戶的整合，取消未成交的合約，結算客戶帳戶中未結算的合約的權力。
  12. Instances of breach of agreement and its remedy in the international commercial loan

    國際商業貸款中的違約事件與救濟
  13. In case an event of default has happened, the mortgage lenders would already have the right to call for immediate repayment under the " event of default " clause

    況且若出現違約事件，根據違約事件條款，按揭貸款人已有權要求即時償還按揭貸款。
  14. From the perspective of the mortgage lenders, it is unlikely that they would exercise the right to call for immediate repayment if the mortgage is being serviced properly i. e. there is no event of default

    從按揭貸款人的角度來看，若借款人如期償還按揭貸款即沒有出現違約事件，則它們行使有關權利要求立即償還按揭貸款的機會不大。
  15. In view of the above, the model mortgage deed does not contain a stand - alone " on demand " clause, and the relevant provisions tie the right of the mortgage lender to demand immediate repayment from the mortgagor to the specified events of default

    有見及此，標準按揭契據並沒有獨立的按要求隨時還款條款。按揭貸款人可要求按揭人即時還款的權利只與特定的違約事件掛。
  16. At - link trade web site s failure to enforce any right or failure to act with respect to any breach by a user under these terms and conditions will not waive that right nor waives at - link trade web site s right to act with respect with subsequent or similar breaches

    本公司未就您或其他人士的某項違約行為採取行動，並不表明本公司撤回就任何繼后或類似的違約事件採取行動的權利。
  17. The failure of either party to enforce any rights granted hereunder or to take action against the other party in the event of any breach hereunder shall not be deemed a waiver by that party as to subsequent enforcement of rights or subsequent actions in the event of future breaches

    當發生對本協議的違約情事時，任何一方若未執行本協議賦予的權利或針對另一方提出訴訟，不得視為該方在未來的違約事件中將放棄執行權利或不提出訴訟。
  18. No consent of any other person ( including stockholders or creditors of such pledgor ), and no consent or approval of any governmental authority or any securities exchange, was or is necessary for the validity of the pledge effected hereby or to the disposition of the pledged collateral upon an event of default in accordance with the terms of this agreement

    未經同意，其他任何人（包括股東或債權人的任何質押）並沒有同意或批準的任何政府機構或任何證券交易所在此確認質保有效性的必要性或處置質押擔保當違約事件時，按照本協議條款擔保協議。
  19. Some of the existing mortgage deeds contain both a repayment " on demand " clause as well as an " event of default " clause the happening of which will entitle the mortgage lender to demand the immediate repayment by the borrower of all money and liabilities due or owing by the borrower to the mortgage lender under the mortgage

    部分現有按揭契據載有按貸款人要求隨時償還條款，及違約事件條款，即一旦發生違約事件條款內所述事項，按揭貸款人即可要求借款人即時償還借款人在按揭貸款下欠按揭貸款人的所有款項及債項。
  20. In chapter, after explaining the relation between the definition of default and default incident, the author makes a definition that default probability is the borrowers ’ probability of incurring default incidents, followed by summary of the role of default probability playing in the credit risk management and comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of four modern famous credit risk models

    第二章對論文的基本概念進行界定。在本部分，指出現代違約定義由一系列違約事件構成，違約概率是指債務人發生違約事件的概率，介紹違約概率在信用風險管理中的地位，對各種違約概率估計方法進行了比較。
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