違約通告 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [wéiyāotōnggào]
違約通告 英文
default notice
  • 違 : 動詞1. （不遵照; 不依從） disobey; defy; violate 2. （離別） part; leave; be separated
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  • 通 : 通量詞（用於動作）
  • 告 : 告動詞（由上至下告知） officially announce
  • 違約 : 1 （違反條約、契約） break a contract; violate a treaty 2 （失約） break one s promise; break off...
  • 通告 : 1. （普遍通知） give public notice; announce2. （文告） public notice; circular; announcement; circular note
  1. Finally, delivery of cargo without original bills of lading promote the development of shipping in a way in practice, it has reasonability in existence. chapter three is writer ' s study for 10 leading cases of chinese maritime court and court of cassation concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, writer conclude as follows : chinese courts are inclined to regard it as breach of contract but not in tort in judicial practice ; chinese courts allow the plaintiff to choose to sue in tort or of breach ; chinese courts have abandoned the viewpoint of " who holder the bills who must have the right to sue " or " who holder the bills who must win the case " ; and in many cases concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, the court ignored plaintiff ' s actions against the carrier, it proved that carrier can escape reasonability of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading in some cases

    第三章論述我國海事法院及其上級法院就無單放貨案件審理的司法審判實踐研究，通過對十個法院判例的分析、歸納，筆者認為，在司法實踐中，法院越來越傾向于將無單放貨糾紛視為運輸合同糾紛處理，而不認定為侵權行為糾紛；法院允許原告起訴時以侵權起訴或違約起訴作出選擇；法院對提單持有人的訴權認定，已經不採用「誰持有提單誰就有訴權」與「誰持有提單就能保證勝訴」的觀點；有諸多的無單放貨的訴訟案例以被法院駁回起訴為結局，證明了無單放貨在特定情況下的合理性以及承運人有避免承擔責任的可能性。
  2. To add " there are many loopholes in the operation and sales practices of telecommunications service providers, " after " that, as " ; to add " and such complaints from the public are often not followed up effectively by government departments, " after " in recent years, " ; to add " stipulate corresponding penalties " after " to cover pay television, " ; and to add " ; furthermore, as the hong kong housing authority has signed agreements with pay television operators, these operators can enter the buildings to set up and maintain communal aerial systems and can deploy front - line promoters to approach the residents to sell other various commercial services, using the provision of exclusive maintenance and supply services as a selling point and adopting unscrupulous means to entice or mislead the residents into signing an agreement with them, causing great disturbance to the residents ; in this connection, the government must adopt measures to combat such sales malpractices, take the initiative to inform public rental housing tenants of the rights and responsibilities of the operators and, when the operators resort to malpractices or malpractices are reported by residents, take immediate action to investigate the matter and issue warning to and penalize the operators concerned ; the government must also review the problem of inequity in accessing system information by consumers and the telecommunications service providers, whereby consumers have no means or right to obtain true and accurate information about the systems that they are using and can only pay the fees according to the volume, system and time slots of their calls shown on the records provided unilaterally by the service providers, and in case of queries about such information, the decision of the service providers prevails and there is no channel for the consumers to dispute or verify ; to this end, the government should expeditiously study how to ensure that consumers have the rights to know, choose, verify, appeal and claim for compensation in the provision of telecommunications services including pay television, local and cross - boundary telecommunications and internet services " after " in the contracts "

    在"鑒于"之後加上"各電訊服務提供者的營運和銷售存在不少漏洞， "在"不斷增加， "之後加上"而市民的投訴又往往得不到政府部門的有效跟進處理， "在"收費電視， "之後加上"訂定相應的罰則， "及在"標準合約條款"之後加上"此外，由於香港房屋委員會與收費電視營辦商簽訂協議，該等營辦商可進入大廈鋪設及維修公共天線系統，並調派前線銷售人員，以獨家提供維修及供應服務作為招徠，向住戶推銷其他各種商業服務，以不當手法誘使或誤導住戶與他們簽約，對居民造成很大困擾就此，政府必須採取措施打擊上述違規營銷的手法，並主動告知公屋住戶該等營辦商的權責范圍，遇有營辦商作出違規的行為或居民舉報營辦商的違規行為時，須立即追查，並向有關營辦商發出警告及作出處分政府亦須檢討現時消費者與電訊服務供應商所獲系統資訊並不對等的問題，即消費者無從及無權得知他們所選用系統的真實資料，令他們只能按服務供應商單方面提供有關通話量通話系統及通話時段的記錄繳交費用，遇有消費者質疑上述資料時，往往只由服務供應商作最終決定，消費者無從申辯或查證就此，本會促請政府盡快研究如何就各類電訊服務包括收費電視本地及跨境電訊網際網路等的提供，確保消費者享有知情權選擇權覆核權投訴權及索償權" 。
  3. From april 2003 to march 2004, fehd issued a total of 806 warning letters and 755 default notices to contractors for breach of contract terms. about $ 1. 7 million of contract fees were deducted as a result

    由二三年四月至二四年三月，食環署就承辦商違反合約條款共發出了八百零六封警告信及七百五十五封失責通知書，因而扣減的合約酬金約為一百七十萬元。
  4. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  5. If some enterprise shareholder does not perform his responsibility of the contract to invest in ( or provide cooperative condition ), those who keep the contract apply to replace the shareholder or change the ownership of shareholder shall represent : certificate of the observant party urging the party in breach to pay or pay off the investment ; one copy of the notice on payment of the enterprise registered capital by the municipal industrial and commercial bureau ( checked with the original ) ; the party in breach who has partially paid the investment as the original contract said shall represent the original document of the enterprise dealing with the partial investment

    企業股東不履行企業合同規定的出資（包括提供合作條件）義務，守約股東依法申請更換股東、變更股權的，提交：守約方催告違約方繳付或繳清出資的證明文件；市工商局出具的《企業注冊資本催繳通知書》復印件1份（核對原件） ；違約方已經按照企業原合同規定繳付部分出資的，提交企業對違約方的部分出資進行清理的有關文件原件。
  6. In case an enterprise shareholder defaults on the contribution obligation ( including provision of cooperation conditions ) stipulated in the enterprise contract, and the observant shareholders apply for replacing the shareholder and modifying the shareholding, these documents shall be submitted : document that witnesses the observant party in urging the breaching party to pay or pay off the due capital ; 1 xerox of enterprise registered capital dunning notification issued by the municipal administration for industry & commerce ( in addition to checking the original ) ; in case the breaching party has paid part of the contributable capital according to the existing contract of the enterprise, the original of relevant enterprise document about liquidating the contributed part of the breaching part

    企業股東不履行企業合同規定的出資（包括提供合作條件）義務，守約股東依法申請更換股東、變更股權的，提交：守約方催告違約方繳付或繳清出資的證明文件；市工商局出具的《企業注冊資本催繳通知書》復印件1份（核對原件） ；違約方已經按照企業原合同規定繳付部分出資的，提交企業對違約方的部分出資進行清理的有關文件原件。
  7. Our contractual law has used those law principals for reference that has been established by the two fundamental legal systems and by both the convention on contracts for the international sale of goods and the international rules for the commercial contracts. it divides the causes of discharging contract into five cases : unavoidable accident, breach of contract, delay of performance, fundamental breach of contract and some other cases

    我國《合同法》在規定合同法定解除事由時，借鑒了兩大法系和《聯合國國際貨物銷售合同公約》 、 《國際商事合同通則》所確立的原則，將合同法定解除事由具體化，分為不可抗力、預期違約、遲延履行經催告，根本違約，法律規定的其他情形等五種形態。
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