重商制度 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zhòngshāngzhìdù]
重商制度
英文
mercantile system-
Six foundation works : first, projects to prevent flood, avoiding huai river overflow again ; second, projects of comprehensive traffic, perfecting the highway, railway, waterway and aviating traffic network ; third, ecological environmental protection project to improve peoples living conditions and strengthen environmental ecological construction progressively ; fourth, construction of " digital fuyang ", realizing datamation of product design, automation of production process, and electronization of commercial market ; fifth, sincere project of fuyang, advancing all kinds of sincere institutional improvement of same trade, forming morals based on sincerity, and personal integrity ; sixth, talents market project, developing human resources diversely
六項基礎工程：一是防洪保安工程，切實根除淮河心腹之患；二是綜合交通工程，完善公、鐵、水、空綜合交通網路；三是生態環保工程，改善人居生活條件，加強環境生態建設；四是數字阜陽工程， .逐步實現產品設計數據化、生產過程自動化、營銷商務電子化；五是誠信阜陽工程，推進各類同業誠信制度建設，形成誠信為本、操守為重的社會風尚；六是人才強市工程，多方位開發人力資源。Through position analyzing and estimating, salary investigating, salary orientation and salary structure designing, working out a scientific, rational and open salary system. the emphases of welfare is to provide payment of house loan interest, purchasing life insurance for technical cadremen, etc. increasing challenge to working contents, organizing train plan to employee, encouraging study the skill of speciality and management. providing promote chunnel for technical personnel
通過職位分析，職位評價，薪酬調查，薪酬定位和薪酬結構設計，制定出一套科學、合理、公開的薪酬制度框架；福利制度重點是提供住房貸款利息給付計劃，為技術骨幹購買商業人壽保險等；工作內容上增加挑戰性；組織實施員工的培訓計劃，鼓勵員工進行專業技術和管理技能的學習；提供與行政級別平行的技術職務升遷通道。This article is composed by four parts. the foreword introduces simply the process of from establishment to development and contabescence of shanxi bank and the operating and running status. then bring forward the theme of this article that the organizational and managing system was the determinant factors of the prosperity and decline of shanxi bank and its experiences and lessons lend a helping hand to the enterprises of our time. the first part mainly tells of the organizational system and managing mode which drove the development and prosperity of shanxi bank, i t was consisted of the organizing system of the ownership departing from the power of management, and the capital frame of composing by the yin - share and manpower - share, and the human resources management system including high - level various and with elasticity distributing system and strict managing system, and the rigorous mamaging system and flexible running frame, and the enterprise culture of combining tigtly with the ru culture
組織制度方面，主要通過對票號所有權與經營權相分離的組織制度的研究，總結其對票號發展所起到的重要作用；資本構成方面，主要對票號銀股、身股並重的資本構成，特別是票號實行的頂身股制度進行研究，總結其對員工所形成的有效激勵作用；用人體制方面，主要從激勵和約束兩個方面分別進行研究，一方面是票號分配體制的高水平、多樣化、富於彈性，對票號員工形成了有效的激勵作用，另一方面是嚴格的人員選拔、培養、任用以及監督、獎罰等管理制度，對票號員工形成了有效的約束作用；管理制度和經營體制方面，主要通過對票號各類號規進行分類研究，分別從管理制度和經營體制兩類內容來著手，總結票號管理制度的健全和經營體制的靈活對票號業務發展所起到的重要作用；企業文化理念方面，分別從員工教育和儒商融會兩方面進行研究，總結票號對員工道德教育的重視給票號帶來的良好企業風尚以及儒商融會理念使票號在經營方面更加成熟穩健、注重企業長遠利益。Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law
再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。( 2 ) after the establishment of the goal of socialist marketable economic system, market mechanism has began to play leading or important role in lots of economic fields, meanwhile the prices of most commodities become unloosed and modern enterprise system gets established. the reform of marketing not only brings energy into our economy, ameliorates allocation status of production - element and impro ves economic efficiency, but also changes the phenomenon of isomorphism of regional industry " to some extent
（ 2 ）社會主義市場經濟體制目標確立后，隨著我國絕大多數商品的價格逐步放開，現代企業制度逐步確立，市場機制開始在多數經濟領域起著主導或者重要作用，市場化改革在給經濟注入活力、改善要素配置狀況和提高經濟效率的同時，也會使我國區域間的產業同構現象發生一定程度的變化。Mercantilist doctrine and institutions were important because they were held by practical businesspeople and heads of state who strongly influenced public and institutional change
重商主義學說與制度之所以重要是因為它們被務實的商人和國家首領們信奉，並以此強有力地影響著國家公共政策與制度的變革。The basic of bringing the money rate in the market into play is that the action of the commercial banks has to reflect the scale and composition of the currency supply in the market through high or low rate of deposit - loan
商業銀行是資金運行的中心，市場利率發揮作用的基礎是商業銀行的行為必須通過存貸款利率高低反映出市場資金供求的規模和結構。沒有商業銀行制度的根本改革，市場利率的運行就沒有最重要的主體。The lai wu is in the centre of shandong province, it ' s economic situation is get behind. so the icbc lai wu branch has many problem in the organization management. for example, the organization overstaff, the people is irresponsible for, culture is obdurate etc. as result, what is very important to the icbc lai wu branch to improve her strength is that build the modern bank system quickly and practice the reformation mightiness
地處魯中、經濟欠發達地區的中國工商銀行萊蕪市分行，經濟環境較差，長期粗放型經營遺留的問題較多，分行機構臃腫，人浮於事問題突出，面對挑戰和機遇，進一步加快現代銀行制度建設，著力推進組織變革，對于實現萊蕪工商銀行的可持續發展，顯得重要而緊迫。In the meantime, it is also a great help to chinese economy transforming into market economy, as it is propitious to founding market - oriented system frame, developing unpublicized economy to pluralize the ownership structure, breaking country monopoly and promoting competition, reforming state - owned firms, liberalizing trade and investment gradually to push domestic economy into world economy system
同時，外商直接投資在中國向市場經濟轉型過程中也發揮了重要的作用，如有利於建立市場取向的制度框架；發展非公有經濟使所有制結構多元< wp = 3 >化；打破國家壟斷，促進競爭；改革公有企業；逐漸開放貿易和投資，使國內經濟進入世界經濟體系。Development consultancy : market studies and evaluation of development ; negotiation with government on modification, surrender and regrant of land leases ; preparation of financial assessments, cash flow studies and expenditure control systems
發展顧問：發展項目的市場研究及評估；與政府洽商地契的修訂、收回及重批等問題；制定財務評估報告、現金流量分析及開支控制制度The 4lh part is the innovation and conclusion of the dissertation. it puts forward freshly three aspects on the base, precondition and circumstance of risk prevention, especially researches for the risk foundations - " transition period " and hinese characteristic market economy ". it brings out five entries to risk prevention : retortion of the direction of macroscopically adjustment, market financing, system innovation, the decentralization and recombination of the state property right, reformation of organizational system in the state commercial bank and the establishment of inspiritment - obligation system
第四章是全文的創新和結論部分，通過對風險防範的基礎、前提條件和環境三方面的創新論述，特別是對「轉軌時期」和「中國特色的市場經濟」兩個風險基礎的研究，提出了風險防範的五個切入點：扭轉宏觀調控方向、市場觸資制度創新、國有產權的分散重組、改革國有商業銀行組織制度和激勵? ?約束機制的建立。Gpa agreement relief system to ensure the suppliers of the signatory states under wto system by agreement equal to win the chance from governmental procurement, have extremely strong practical value to its theoretical research
Gpa協定救濟制度是保障wto體制下協定簽字國供應商平等獲得政府采購機會的重要制度，對它的理論研究具有極強的實踐價值。There are many important issues to consider, such as the liquidity and market - making arrangements including short - selling ; hedging and risk management ; transaction costs ; market concentration ; disclosure of information, particularly price - sensitive information ; and the role of intermediaries, if any
關于這點有許多重要事項都需要考慮，例如流通性及做市商制度包括賣空對沖及風險管理交易成本市場集中程度信息特別是價格敏感信息的披露，以及可能出現的市場中介之角色。It has the special important signification to protect the interests of " the third part in good faith ", maintain the security of bargain, promote the circulation of commodities and increase the wealth of society
善意取得制度是物權法上的一項重要制度，它對于保護善意第三人的利益、維護交易安全、促進商品流通、增長社會財富，有著特殊的重要意義。The administrative departments or institutions for seismic work under the people ' s governments at or above the county level located in the key areas for earthquake surveillance and protection shall improve their work in earthquake monitoring, work out plans for short - term and imminent earthquake prediction, establish the system for the tracking of and consultation about earthquake situations and enhance their capability of earthquake monitoring and prediction
地震重點監視防禦區的縣級以上地方人民政府負責管理地震工作的部門或者機構，應當加強地震監測工作，制定短期與臨震預報方案，建立震情跟蹤會商制度，提高地震監測預報能力。In the article, the author uses dialectics, history analysis, comparative research and so many scientific methods, puts special emphasis on a large number of problems in present criminal justice of china. that is, the lower lawsuit etlicieacy due to unreasonable disposition in judicial resource, lack of quarantee in defendant and procedure rights, and the frequent unwise confrontations between accusing party and defensive party during the criminal suit ; widely discuss the reasonable factors of plea bargain system in china which was borrowed from the criminal suit in western country, and also discuss the reasonablness, necessity and feasibility of setting up charge and defense consultation system that is fit for the conditions of china and for the law of criminal suit, and put forward some practical ideas for setting up this system,
作者運用辯證法、歷史分析、比較研究等科學方法，著重針對我國刑事司法現狀中存在的諸多問題：司法資源配置不合理而引起的訴訟效率低下，被告人實體及程序性權利缺乏保障（刑事政策難以兌現x以及刑事訴訟中時常發生非理性沖突的控辯關系，用較大篇幅論證了我國借鑒西方國家刑事訴訟中的辯訴交易制度的合理因索，建立符合中國同情和刑事訴訟規律的控辯協商制度的合理性、必要件及可行件，井捉川了建立該制度的鳳什設想。Consider that it is at the still fumbling stage at present for our country to carry out the collective salary negotiation, therefore the author put key localizations at the analyzing of the restraint conditions of the collective salary negotiation and how our country constructs basic terms of
考慮到目前我國推行工資集體協商制度仍處于摸索的階段，於是，本文把研究的重點定位在工資集體協商的約束條件分析以及我國應如何構建工資集體協商制度的基礎條件上。Business registration refers to the system that, according to the legal procedure and the requirement of the entity, the registration department records all the facts concerning the entity ’ s setting - up, changing or perishing and so on into a registering book and shows them to the public. no matter what the entity is, a company, joint venture or some other entities, they all have to be set up in accordance with the law, and get their entity status after registration ; registration is necessary for them to gain, change or terminate their commercial ability ; therefore business registration is a very important part of the commercial law. it involves gaining the relative commercial entity qualification and protecting the welfare of counterparts of the business and the social public, and the exertion of its effect will also be of great importance to the social economy
具體而言，本文經過論證試圖得出的結論包括:一、商事登記制度的立法目的在於:就國家而言，商事登記制度是其對商事主體及商事行為進行法律調整的前提和途徑，是其對商事主體進行行政管理的重要制度，是其實現宏觀調控等經濟職能的必要輔助手段;就登記主體而言，商事登記制度是其公示經營身份、確立自身商譽的必要手段，是其維護自身合法地位、保障正常經營活動的必要形式;就交易相對人而言，商事登記制度是其保護自身合法權益的重要基礎和必要制度，是保護市場交易安全及社會公眾利益的制度保障。This paper analyzed the system environment of building stock index futures, complete legal system and sophisticated supervising system, and argues that for the functions of short sales mechanism is neutral, it will not affect the normal operation of stock index futures markets, also it will not cause future index deviating from stock index
本文探討了開設股指期貨的制度環境，包括完善的法律體系及健全的監管機構，並重點論證了做空機制和做市商制度的缺乏，對我國推出股指期貨不會造成影響，因為做空機制的功能是中性的，不會影響股指期貨市場的正常運作，也不會造成期指與股指的偏離。Therefore, we should set out from rebuilding credit base, set up broker rule and insider law, perfect three sub - markets, increase main market bodies, enlarge market scale, bring into play policy functions of the market entirely, construct reasonable interest rate and tighten up the regulation on the money market
這就需要從重建信用基礎入手，建立經紀人制度和做市商制度，完善三個子市場，增加市場交易主體，擴大市場規模，充分發揮貨幣市場的政策功能，構築合理的貨幣市場利率，加大對貨幣市場的監管。分享友人