量化噪聲 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [liánghuàzàoshēng]
量化噪聲
英文
digital noise-
Fluid noise mainly comes from out put pulsation of rate of flow, the main reason of out put pulsation of rate of flow is the instant high pressure return flow that obturation cubage produced when the big round curve pressure transition. the v trough on the port plate can reduce the fluid noise. in this paper, the author based on the acting of dam a river and condensability of liquid and used matlab language as tool to calculate the v trough on the original port plate and drew out the p - t diagrammatic curve and analyzed its shortcoming and improved the design of original v trough and got that the best size of its angle was 12. 3 and its length was 5mm and the cross section was an equilateral triangle
流體噪聲主要來源於輸出流量脈動，造成輸出流量脈動的主要原因是閉死容積在大圓弧段壓力切換時產生的瞬時高壓迴流，在配流盤上開設v型尖槽可降低因高壓迴流而引起的流體噪聲，本文以截流作用和液體的可壓縮性為理論依據，以matlab語言為工具，對原配流盤上的v型尖槽進行了理論計算，繪制出p - t圖線，分析了它的不足，並對原有v型尖槽進行了優化設計，得出了v型尖槽的最佳幾何尺寸：配流盤平面上的v型尖槽的兩邊的夾角為12 . 3 ，槽長5mm ，槽的橫截面為等邊三角形。Combining the basic laws of psychophysics and signal detection theory, we use two - alternative forced - choice ( 2afc ) to study the threshold change of human electric sense under different noise levels
在心理物理實驗中，結合心理物理學和信號檢測論的基本原理，採用了二間隔的強迫選擇法（ 2afc ）作為實驗方法，研究不同噪聲量級情況下人體電感覺閾值的變化。Taking the contact stress, bend stress stiffness and temperature stress as the condition, taking the weight of the kiln tyre as optimization aim function, the redia and the width of the tyre are optimized general optimize methods just consider the affecting of the parameters to aim function, but in fact, structural parameters ( such as structure dimension, interval and so on ), physics and dynamics ( damp factor, conduct factor, friction factor material ' s elastic module strength limits and so on ), which would be changed after used. the difference are called discrepancy robust design ' s basic concept is : all design parameters " discrepancy will affect the aim funct ion and arouse the quality target discrepancy
一般的優化方法，僅僅考慮了參數對其目標函數的影響，而實際情況下有些參數是變化的，產品的結構參數（如幾何尺寸、間隙等） 、物理和力學參數如阻尼系數、傳導系數、磨擦系數、材料的彈性模量和強度極限等的設計值與製造后和使用中的實際值會有差異，這種差異稱為設計變量和噪聲因素的變差。That is the reason that all over the countries have never stopped researching for mask jamming technology of radar. at present, the mask jamming source mainly comes from the thermal noise and zener avalanche noise of semiconductor devices. but the noise ’ s quality isn ’ t stabile because of the differences of semiconductor devices each other and the changes of exterior conditions
目前採用的遮蓋性干擾的噪聲源主要來自半導體器件本身的熱噪聲或齊納雪崩噪聲，但各器件本身的不一致性和外界條件變化等因素使噪聲輸出質量不穩定;同時由於此類信號不能再生，不利於科學研究。It has been shown that : the little indentation which represents the quantum noise of the system appears in the evolution curves ; the quantum noise which is caused by virtual photon field gradually becomes weak when w increases, the quantum noise increases when n increases ; the virtual photon process make the antibunching effect strengthen, make the squeezing degree deepen obviously, and lead to the additional vibration of entropy, the oscillation extent of the additional vibration of entropy increases when n increases and decreases when co or g increase. besides, the quantum dynamics of two coupling atoms interacting with a single mode ligh t field in a kerr medium is studied in this paper ; the influences of the kerr effect on the mean photon number, the degree of second order coherence of field, the evolution of the field entropy and the squeezing effect are also discussed
）的增大，量子噪聲分別減小和增大；虛光子過程使光場的反聚束效應增強，使光場的壓縮程度明顯加深，並引起了附加的「熵振蕩」 ，這種附加「熵振蕩」的幅度將隨著光場初始平均光子數（ ? ）的增加而增大，隨著光場頻率和原子間耦合系數g的增大而減小。本文還研究了充滿kerr介質腔中「耦合雙原子-單模光場」相互作用系統的量子動力學性質，研究了克爾效應對場的平均光子數、二階相干度、場熵演化特性及光場壓縮效應的影響。Backed up by the soplat theory based on particle kinematics, the second chapter of this paper presents with analysis and simulation of several single observer passive measurement models, which uses such relative movement parameters as bearings changing rates and centrifugal acceleration information on the basis of bearings measurements. in the third chapter, the observability of location respectively using bearings and its changing rates information and centrifugal acceleration information is analyzed, and its observable condition is got. the fourth chapter puts forward the modified covariance extended kalman filtering ( mvekf ) against the defect of traditional extended kalman filtering ( ekf ), whose performance is simultaneously compared in the chapter with the performance of ususal tracking algorithm such as ekf, mgekf, iekf by computer simulation
在近年來提出的基於質點運動學原理的單站無源定位理論基礎上，本文第二章提出了幾種在角度測量的基礎上增加角度變化率及相對運動的離心加速度等運動學參數的單站無源測量模型，並對它們進行了分析和模擬；第三章分別對利用角度及其變化率信息定位和利用離心加速度信息定位的可觀測性進行分析並得到了相應的可觀測條件；第四章針對傳統擴展卡爾曼（ ekf ）方法的缺點，提出了一種修正協方差的擴展卡爾曼濾波（ mvefk ）方法，並將其和ekf 、 mgekf 、 iekf等常用的單站無源定位濾波方法進行了性能模擬比較；第五章通過引入雷達機動目標跟蹤方法和模型，提出了利用角度及其變化率對機動輻射源跟蹤的多級噪聲自適應方法和imm方法；第六章主要對角度變化率和離心加速度參數的獲取技術進行了研究，提出了幾種高精度測量脈沖序列多普勒頻率變化率的方法。Compared with the classical bp algorithm, robust adaptive bp algorithm possesses some advantages as following : ( 1 ) increasing the accuracy of the network training by means of using both the relative and absolute residual to adjust the weight values ; ( 2 ) improve the robustness and the network convergence rate through combining with the robust statistic technique by way of judging the values of the samples " relative residual to establish the energy function so that can suppress the effect on network training because of the samples with high noise disturbances ; ( 3 ) prevent entrapping into the local minima area and obtain the global optimal result owing to setting the learning rate to be the function of the errors and the error gradients when network is trained. the learning rate of the weights update change with the error values of the network adaptively so that can easily get rid of the disadvantage of the classical bp algorithm that is liable to entrap into the local minima areas
與基本bp演算法相比，本文提出的魯棒自適應bp演算法具有以下優點： （ 1 ）與魯棒統計技術相結合，通過訓練樣本相對偏差的大小，確定不同訓練樣本對能量函數的貢獻，來抑制含高噪聲干擾樣本對網路訓練的不良影響，從而增強訓練的魯棒性，提高網路訓練的收斂速度； （ 2 ）採用相對偏差和絕對偏差兩種偏差形式對權值進行調整，提高了網路的訓練精度； （ 3 ）在採用梯度下降演算法對權值進行調整的基礎上，通過將學習速率設為訓練誤差及誤差梯度的特殊函數，使學習速率依賴于網路訓練時誤差瞬時的變化而自適應的改變，從而可以克服基本bp演算法容易陷入局部極小區域的弊端，使訓練過程能夠很快的「跳出」局部極小區域而達到全局最優。This thesis explains the necessity of the character recognition technology of the computer at first, describe the meaning in which the handwritten numeral discerns ; pretreatment technology of handwritten numeral recognition, including two value, line segmentation, word segmentation smooth, removing noising, standardization and thinning are discussed two value concretely discusses whole threshold value, some threshold value, dynamic threshold value and utilize space information to carry on threshold, which are several kinds of common method of choosing threshold value, especially utilize space information to carry on threshold value is describe in detail ; adopting to the foundation of thinning based on mathematics morphology, thinning algorithm of serials same and thinning algorithm of protecting shape are discussed ; afterwards, according to principle ' s diagram of the on - line character recognition, by analyzing the structure feature of the handwritten numeral, this thesis has proposed the online recognition te chnology of the free handwritten numeral based on the stroke feature and the online recognition technology of the free handwritten numeral based on the multistage classifying device. detail narrated noise removing, stroke characteristic definition and discernment, distance criterion of whole word match ; then under the foundation of handwritten numeral segmentation, off - line handwritten numeral recognition is researched. especially minimum distance classifying device, tree classifying device and adaptive resonance ( art ) network classifying device is discussed at the same time, believes degree analyses are introduced to integrate a lot of classifying devices ; at the end, the typical application of the handwritten numeral recognition was briefly narrated, its application in extensive data statistics, financial affairs, tax, finance and mail sorting have been explored
二值化時對整體閾值二值化、局部閾值二值化、動態閾值二值化和利用空間信息進行閾值選取幾種常用的閾值選取方法進行討論，特別對利用空間信息進行閾值選取進行了詳細論述；在對通過對基於數學形態學的細化的基礎上，討論序貫同倫形態細化演算法和保形的快速形態細化演算法；然後依據聯機字元識別原理框圖，分析了手寫數字的結構特點，提出了基於筆劃特徵的任意手寫數字在線識別技術和基於多級分類器任意手寫數字在線識別技術，對其中涉及的筆劃識別前的噪聲處理、筆劃間特徵量的定義及識別、整字匹配的距離準則進行了詳細敘述；繼而在對手寫數字的分割的基礎下對脫機手寫數字識別進行了研究，對基於最小距離分類器字元識別、基於樹分類器的字元識別、基於自適應共振（ art ）網路的字元識別分別進行了詳細討論，並引入置信度分析將多個分類器進行了混合集成；最後簡單闡述了手寫數字識別的典型應用，對其在大規模數據統計、財務、稅務、金融及郵件分揀中的應用進行了探索。The soft switching, phase - shifted pwm and bi - directional dc - dc converter hang together, depress circuit switching loss and noise effectively, which provide condition to increase switch frequency, efficiency and reduce size and weight for the converter ; at the same time, it is proved the converter can achieve zvs in larger load variation, and the converter has the virtue of structure compact, voltage and current stress small such as ordinary hard switch converter
該變換器把軟開關技術和相移控制pwm技術以及雙向dc - dc變換器技術有機結合在一起，有效地降低了電路的開關損耗和開關噪聲，為變換器裝置提高開關頻率、效率以及降低尺寸及重量提供了良好的條件;同時，能拓寬零電壓開關的范圍，使變換器在較寬的負載變化范圍內都能實現軟開關。Quantization noise occurs when the bit number is too small
在比特數過少時會產生量化噪聲。Sigma - delta modulator, combined with oversampling, effectively attenuate the in - band quantization noise in the output signal and enhance the signal - to - noise ratio ( snr ) through the shaping of the quantization error
調制器與過采樣相結合，對量化誤差噪聲進行整形，有效衰減輸出信號的帶內量化噪聲，提高了輸出帶內信噪比（ snr ） 。Chapter 4 : the influence of different phase - shifting angle of reference wave in recording, of the phase - shifting error and of the quantization error on the quality of the reconstructed image is investigated respectively in two - step phase - shifting inline digital holography. and an effective method of eliminating the phase - shifting error is presented, in which the summation of the intensity bit errors of the reconstructed image is taken as an evaluation function for an iterative algorithm to find the exact phase - shifting value. the feasibility of this method is demonstrated by computer simulation
通過數值分析不同相移角的選取對再現像的強度誤差的影響，發現再現像強度誤差依賴于記錄時相移角的選取，當相移角在一定范圍內，其再現像的強度誤差相對較小；提出了一種有效消除相移誤差的新方法，並將其應用於二步同軸相移數字全息，對此進行了計算機模擬，得到了很好的結果，證明該方法對于相移誤差的消除是很有效的；對量化誤差所作的數值模擬發現，當信號被量化成8比特（ bit ） ，即256個灰度級以上，量化噪聲的影響相對較小。Frequency response, quantization noise, reconstruction error and its sensitivity to mismatch among adcs are studied at length in prqmf banks adc system, and the theoretic results include : ( 1 ) the distortion / aliasing functions of hybrid filter banks adc system is similar with that of switch capacitor filter banks adc system ; ( 2 ) for wide or narrow band input signal, the effective resolution of the two adc systems is 0. 51og2m bits higher than their adc ; ( 3 ) reconstruction error ' s sensitivity to mismatch among adcs of the two adc systems is reduced effectively than time interleaved adc system
2對prqmf濾波器組adc系統的頻響、量化噪聲特性、重建誤差特性以及重建誤差對adc間的失配敏感性進行了理論分析研究，所得到的理論結果為： （ 1 ）混合濾波器組adc系統與開關電容濾波器組adc系統的失真/混迭函數一致； （ 2 ）無論輸入寬帶還是窄帶信號，這兩種adc系統的有效解析度均比其adc提高了0 . 5log _ 2m比特； （ 3 ）這兩種adc系統的重建誤差對其adc間的失配敏感性均明顯低於時間交織adc系統。An analysis of quantization noise in fm transmitter at intermediate offset frequencies
對調頻發射機在中頻偏移下的量化噪聲分析Dithering, which adds white noise to the input analog signals, may be used to reduce quantization noise
在輸入模擬信號中加入白噪聲，即抖動，可以降低量化噪聲。Furthermore, result of quantization noise shows that the effective resolution is 0. 51og2m bits higher than its adc in the adc system
此外，高效混合電子科技大學博士論文濾波器組adc系統的量化噪聲研究結果表明其有效解析度比其adc提高0 . 51ogzm比特。But the most common noise is angle random walk, bias instability, rate random walk, rate ramp and quantization noise. in this paper, the random error model including the most common five noise as above
對常見的五種噪聲因素包括角度隨機遊走、零偏穩定性、速率隨機遊走、速率斜坡和量化噪聲建立了陀螺隨機誤差模型。After comparing the various types of a / d structures and their advantages and disadvantages, this project adopts pipelined structure and processes the voltage of the analog input. it is structured in 10 identical stages cascaded, each of which quantizes the analog signal from the previous stage and outputs one bit the digital code as well as the residue signal to the next stage
它採取10個相同的處理單元級連，每個處理單元對所輸入的模擬信號進行量化，輸出一位數字信號，並把經該級處理后剩下的量化噪聲信號傳入下一處理單元，如此下去，直至最後一個處理單元。After briefly describing the damage mechanism of electromigration, noises theories and signal processing methods, many kinds of experimental assessing methods of electromigration, such as the traditional mtf test, the test of changes of resistance and noise measurement, etc., are reviewed in this paper, and its research on the technology of noises detection has been studied emphatically
本論文在簡要介紹電遷移失效機理、噪聲理論和1 / f信號表徵方法的基礎上，對各種電遷移可靠性實驗評估方法（傳統的壽命測試法、電阻變化測量法、噪聲測量法）的特點作了分析對比。重點研究了vlsi金屬互連電遷移噪聲檢測技術。By augmenting the state vector, linearizing the nonlinear augmented state space model and adopting the equivalent measurement equation, the problem of strong tracking extended kalman filtering of nonlinear systems with additive combined colored noise can be converted into the problem of strong tracking kalman filtering of linear systems with correlated process and measurement noise
通過增廣狀態向量、線性化非線性的增廣狀態空間模型和採用等效量測方程，將加性復合有色噪聲干擾下非線性系統的強跟蹤濾波問題轉化為過程與量測噪聲相關情況下線性系統的強跟蹤卡爾曼濾波問題。分享友人