集中管制經濟 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jízhōngguǎnzhìjīngjì]
集中管制經濟 英文
command economy
  • 集 : gatherassemblecollect
  • 管 : Ⅰ名詞1 （管子） pipe; tube 2 （吹奏的樂器） wind musical instrument 3 （形狀似管的電器件） valve;...
  • 制 : Ⅰ動詞1 （製造） make; manufacture 2 （擬訂; 規定） draw up; establish 3 （用強力約束; 限定; 管束...
  • 經 : 經動詞[紡織] （把紡好的紗或線梳整成經紗或經線） warp
  • 濟 : 濟名詞1. （古水名） the ji river2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 集中 : concentratecentralizefocusamassgroupmassingput togather
  • 管制 : 1. （強制管理） control 2. （對罪犯強制管束） put under surveillance
  • 經濟 : 1 [經] （社會物質生產和再生產的活動） economy 2 （對國民經濟有利或有害的） economic; of industria...
  1. Vsp is both a pivotal tache in logistic distribution optimization and indispensable in electronic commerce. it can increase logistic economic benefit and realize logistic rationalization. the systemic study on the theory and method of vsp is the base on the growth of logistic intensivism, the establishment of modem chain of command, the development of its and ec. now, the problem is not only applied to the field of auto transportation, but also to ship avigation communication electricity industry management computer application etc. the algorithm has been applied into many combinatorial optimization problems such as the trainman ' s shift arrangement in avigation the optimization design of cargo arrangement in ship company

    對貨運車輛進行調度優化，可以提高物流經濟效益、實現物流科學化。對貨運車輛調度優化理論與方法進行系統研究是物流集約化發展、建立現代調度指揮系統、發展智能交通運輸系統和開展電子商務的基礎。目前，問題的形式已有很大發展，該問題以不僅僅局限於汽車運輸領域，在水運、航空、通訊、電力、工業管理、計算機應用等領域也有一定的應用，其演算法已用於航空乘務員輪班安排、輪船公司運送貨物經過港口與貨物安排的優化設計、交通車線路安排、生產系統中的計劃與控制等多種組合優化問題。
  2. The point analyses the composition and efficancy of the structure of corporate governance with the modern administration theory. lt systematically sets forth and compares the features and development of the structure of the corporate governance in chinese and western. by analyzing the present situation of our listing companies, it points out : " the internal control " can be considered the inevitable phenomenon, emerged in the period from the socialism planned economy to the market economy in china ' s state - owned enterprises. by the means of gathering a vast amount of data and analying cases and charts, it gives the conclutions : because the enterprise inform is progressed " step by step ", the internal controlling in our country has assumed its own features : the enterprise is in the concussion between the " super - powerful controp ' of external and the " super - weakly control " in internal. those popular phenomenon have been looked as the principle manifestation of " the internal control " which taking the national stock as the ma in part and holding the post of chainman of the board and the chief manager in company to the same man

    本文利用現代管理理論和現代企業理論來剖析公司治理結構的組成和效率體現，對中西方公司治理結構的特徵和歷史發展作了較系統的闡述和比較，並且運用大量的數據對我國上市公司治理結構進行了實證分析，指出： 「內部人控制」是在我國社會主義經濟向市場經濟轉軌時期，國有企業公司治理結構中出現的一種必然現象。本文在闡述公司治理結構特徵和功效的基礎上，通過大量數據的收集、案例分析和圖表處理來分析我國企業治理結構的歷史變遷並揭示出：由於我國企業改革是「漸進式」的， 「內部人控制」表現出其自身的特點：企業處于外部「超強控制」和「超弱控制」的兩極震蕩中。作為最具我國現代企業代表特徵的上市公司，因為以國家股為持股主體，董事長和總經理兩職兼任的現象甚為普遍而成為目前企業事實上的「內部人控制」的主要表現形式。
  3. Before the reforms, the chinese railway industry was highly centralized, main artery and half - militarized. it is a model of our country ' s traditional planned economic system, which lacks effective competition of government monopoly

    改革開放以前，我國鐵路運營與管理體制是以高度集中、大動脈和半軍事化為特點的，是我國傳統的政府壟斷型缺乏有效競爭的計劃經濟體制的典型。
  4. The main problems are : the party is not separated from the government and the power of the party committee is over - concentrated ; managing is over - staffed and the style of management is out - of - date ; the government organization is carved up and the functions of the government is dismembered ; the functions of the governmeng has not essentiallg transformed and their responsibilities are in confusion ; the financial system is imperfect, so the financial capacity of the township is muck limited ; the function of the people ' s congress is so weak that its initiative has n ' t been brought into full play ; the contra diations between the town ship government and the urllage lommittee are sharpening and the regular work is notin normal progress. the causes for these problems are complex. in my opinion, the causes are closely associated with the effect of traditional system of organization, the restricton of administrative surroumding and the unfithess of personnel qualith. and that ' s because the construction of the leqal system is backward and the administrative area is not rationally divided

    這些特點和我國實行市場經濟體制的新形勢，暴露了當前鄉鎮行政管理中存在的突出問題，主要表現在：黨政不分、黨委權利過分集中；人浮於事、管理方式陳舊；機構條塊分割，政府職能被肢解；政府職能尚未根本轉變，責任錯位；財政體制不完善、鄉鎮財政舉步維艱；人民代表大會功能柔弱，作用沒有充分發揮；政府與村委會矛盾加劇，工作難以正常開展等等。這些問題存在的原因比較復雜，主要是傳統體制、行政環境的影響和隊伍素質、法制建設的不適應。
  5. Part three analyzed the historical motivation and the contents of different models of securities regulating and supervising, and discussed the necessity of a centralized regulating model. part four tried to sort out the mechanism and existing problems from the evolution of china ' s securities market regulatory system, then gave advice about how to improve the current regulatory system and how to regulate and develop china ' s securities market. china ' s securities market is still in its babyhood

    首先對集中型監管體制、自律型監管體制、中間型監管體制的優缺點作了介紹，然後對不同證券監管模式以美國和英國為例對形成的歷史原因進行了分析，指出證券監管及其體制演變是伴隨一國的證券市場發展，乃至國家經濟、政治、法律、文化和傳統等的變化而變化的動態的歷史過程，證券監管體制變遷的必然性就蘊藏在社會經濟和政治生活的客觀需要之中。
  6. With the gradually deepening of the capital operation and capital expansion, group company, characterized with highly professional and optimization of internal factor, is becoming an important organization form of modern business management and organizational system and also adapts to the development of modern productivity and market economy

    隨著資本經營和資本擴張的不斷深化，集團公司已日益成為現代企業經營管理與組織體制中的一種重要組織形式，它適應了現代生產力和市場經濟發展要求，具有高度專業化和集團內部要素最優化等特性。
  7. With china ' s entry into the wto, pangang ( group ) corporation ’ s leaderships recognized the need to seize opportunities and meet the challenge of economic globalization, the introduction of advanced management ideas and means to transform the traditional enterprises, and establish pangang ( group ) corporation financial management information system, and achieve financial centralized management, a financial settlement, accounting, budget, control, analysis integration of financial management information platform and the progressive realization of financial and business ’ s integration in the future, at last ultimate pangang ( group ) corporatio ’ s achievement of a comprehensive information technology

    隨著中國加入wto ，攀鋼公司領導認識到必須抓住機遇、應對經濟全球化的挑戰，引進先進的管理思想和手段來改造傳統企業，建立攀鋼（集團）公司財務管理信息系統，實現財務集中管理，形成財務結算、核算、預算、控制、分析一體化的財務管理信息平臺，並在今後逐步實現財務業務一體化，最終實現攀鋼全面信息化。
  8. Based on the economics, the management science and the statistics, the author researched the pattern of shareholding system transformation and the enterprise reforming of the china chem group which is one of large - scale state - owned material distribution corporation

    論文運用經濟學、管理學和統計學等方法，以中化供銷集團為研究對象，以該企業股份制改造為研究內容，對企業股份制改造的模式和企業重組問題進行研究。
  9. Based on the endogenous growth theory, this paper views technologica 1 progress as an endogenous variable in the comparative advantage model, and therefore s ets up a more systematic comparative advantage theory to the extent of investment, divisi on of labor and institution. third, it has analyzed the trade structures based on different c omparative advantage strategy, made an empirica l study of china ' s foreign trade structure, and concluded that although china ' s export structure at present is characterized by capita l - technology intensive goods, these goods have the comparative disadvantages from now to the near future in china, which means that trade structure transformation in less develo ped countries should be based on endogenous comparative advantages. finally, it has disc ussed the strategy and paths of china ' s transformation of foreign trade structure

    本文借鑒內生經濟增長理論的邏輯思路，將技術進步在比較優勢模型中內生地決定，分別從投資、分工與制度三個層面建立了較為系統的內生比較優勢理論；再次，對其于不同比較優勢理論的貿易結構進行了剖析，對中國外貿結構進行了實證分析，認為盡管中國現在出口商品結構是以資本技術密集型產品為主，但中國在目前乃至將來的一定時期內的資本及技術密集型產品上仍將處于比較劣勢，發展中國家貿易結構的轉換必須基於內生比較優勢；最後，探討了中國對外貿易結構轉換戰略與路徑。
  10. According to the background information from the above, the facts of the combination, expansion and quick development of wut, and the strategic significance of the world ' s economy and the development of university, and from the angle of history, reality and the future, to a large degree, this paper analyzes three strategic environment faced by university, that is : intellectual economy and the world ' s new technical revelation ; marketing economy and modernization of china ; the popularity of education and the reform of chinese higher leaning system. through a thorough analysis of thirty six comprehensive universities and science and engineering colleges owned by the national education department, and through comparison between typical universities, this paper also objectively analyzes the strength and advantages of the development of wut on the aspects of subjects, trade and scale, and the disparity existed in subject strength, scientific and technical ability, qualified personnel construct and the economic base. through those analysis, it points out several problems in the development of university, such as " no common idea, no complementary subjects, no fixed core, no unified campus " and etc. therefore, a basic conclusion is drawn, that is " generally speaking, wut ranks among the second class of the nation ' s higher learning groups, and which possesses many potentialities to help itself step into the first class universities

    本課題正是從上述背景出發，緊密結合武漢理工大學合併、擴招和大發展的實際，從世界經濟和大學發展的高度，從歷史、現實和未來的角度，大范圍、多層面、寬視野地分析了學校發展所面臨的知識經濟和世界新技術革命、市場經濟和中國現代化建設以及教育大眾化和高校管理體制改革三大戰略環境，通過對育部所屬36所綜合及理工類高校的整體分析和典型大學的個案對比，比較客觀地分析了學校發展在學科、行業和規模三方面的實力與優勢以及存在的學科實力、科技能力、人才結構和經濟基礎等四方面的差距，指出了學校發展中「無共同的理念、無互補的學科、無凝聚的核心、無統一的校園」等問題，並得出一個基本結論：學校總體位居全國高校第二集團水平，具有向一流大學邁進的基礎，同時，相比國內一流大學又有很大的差距。
  11. Since the reform, budget accounting system have been revised many times however, with the development of socialist market economy system, the budget accounting environment is changing rapidly, government turn to offer public product and adjust market ; the range of the financial revenue and expenditure are diversified, the user of governmental accounting information expand constantly, the requisition of the governmental accounting information improves etc. it is inevitable for the revolution of budget accounting to enhance our government performance and establish modern government managerial system. we should draw lessons from international reform experiences and take the china - style road - the " stage - by - stage - going " way of the reformation

    但是，隨著社會主義市場經濟體制的發展，我國預算會計環境正在發生重要的變化：政府和市場在社會經濟運行中的分工逐步明晰；政府職能重點轉向公共品提供和宏觀調控；財政收支的內容和形式更加多樣化；近年實行的部門預算編制、國庫集中收付制度和政府采購制度等預算管理制度方面的改革；事業單位資金來源渠道多元化和經營性業務的增加；政府會計信息使用者的范圍不斷擴大，對政府會計信息的內容和質量的要求不斷提高等。
  12. First, we have the resource of web cluster allocated among the classes with pareto optimal method in microeconomic1 model, and have the resource load of each class controlled not to be overused. then a policy for supporting service level agreement ( sla ) is proposed to optimize the resource utility among the web hosting users who may have idle resources or lack resources

    通過採用微觀經濟模型中的pareto最優資源分配方法實現了web集群中業務類的資源分配，然後基於資源利用率來控制業務類服務質量；我們進一步提出sla經濟策略，用來對webhosting客戶資源過剩和不足的情況進行管理，目標是使服務商和客戶的利益最大化。
  13. After reformation in petro china, harbin petrochemical company catch at development, which is the key assignment, carry forward careful management ; increase internal credit, to gain better economic efficiency. at the same time it exposes the weakness in development including higher cost and less characteristics and organization, which should adjust, and talent team that be anxious and less special company civilization, etc. this case analyses general environment, specific environment, and internal condition in harbin petrochemical company

    哈爾濱石化公司作為大型石化生產企業，在中國石油集團公司重組改制后，緊緊抓住發展這個第一要務，大力推進精細管理，提升企業內功，取得了較好的經濟效益，但同時也暴露出發展中的突出問題：企業成本高、缺少突出特色、組織結構亟待調整、人才隊伍現狀令人擔憂、缺乏特有的企業文化等。
  14. Second, it turns to analyze the outside environment of chongqing pepsi - tianfu in details by using many theories in turn such as pest, five competition power, production life cycles and value chain, and its target is not only to find opportunities in politics, economic, technology, and social culture and also to feel threaten which results from substitute, supplier, new comer, customer and competitor of our company. then, it begins to seek the strength and weakness of this company by analyzing resource of itself in order to seek main problem s during present business operating, specially focusing on marketing promotion, cost controlling, human resource management and enterprise culture. at the same time, it concludes that the main present questions are caused by some history factors, faulty present management rules, incomplete human resource system, different leader types and weak base of enterprise culture

    然後，就運用pest法、行業競爭五種力量及價值鏈的戰略管理理論對公司的外部競爭環境進行詳細的分析，發現公司可能在政治、經濟、技術、社會文化上面臨的機會以及行業中替代品、供應商、新進入者、顧客、競爭對手正帶來的威脅；接著，運用資源分析法找出公司內部的優勢和劣勢，特別是目前存在的主要問題及其產生的各種主要原因，其中問題集中表現在市場營銷、成本控制、人力資源管理、企業文化四大方面，而產生原因則是公司的歷史、管理制度不夠完善、人才機制不健全、領導風格不相同、企業文化較薄弱等因素；接著，就是將內、外環境的分析結果通過swot方法進行戰略匹配和選擇，得出三個戰略方案，即：穩定發展戰略、密集型發展戰略和多元化發展戰略。
  15. In the case of tight financial situation, key investment ca n ' t be used in key positions. luzhong mining company adopts traditional stock management as " coping with things ", with " three grades " management, handwork operation, careless management, a very lengthy process and massive structure, so it is impossible to react efficiently to manufacturing needs and outside information changes. therefore makes it hard to control stock and capture profit

    魯中礦業集團公司採取傳統的「應付情況」的庫存管理方式， 「三級」管理，手工操作，管理粗放，機構龐大，業務流程冗長，在日益加劇的市場競爭中，不能對生產需求和外界信息及時有效地做出反應，速度慢，效率低，難以進行有效的庫存控制和捕捉獲利的機會，資金大量積壓，經濟效益差，在市場競爭中不佔優勢。
  16. The energy management system ( ems ) is a computer system comprising a software platform providing basic support services and a set of applications providing the functionality needed for the effective operation of electrical generation and transmission facilities so as to assure adequate security of energy supply. unfortunately, the traditional ems does not meet the need of power market. it is difficult to develop the new application software on ems

    能量管理系統（ energymanagementsystem ， ems ）是一套為電力系統控制中心提供數據採集、監視、控制和優化，以及為電力市場提供交易計劃安全分析服務的計算機軟硬體系統的總稱，它包括為上層電力應用提供服務的支撐軟體平臺和為發電和輸電設備安全監視和控制、經濟運行提供支持的電力應用軟體，其目的是用最小成本保證電網的供電安全性。
  17. A market economy with moderate control on finance would encourage financial innovation, and the interrelation between financial control degree and financial innovation creative takes a shape of concave curve. the monopolistic competition as a market construction benefits most to the financial innovation activities, but complete monopoly as another market structure would be most disadvantageous in financial innovation activities

    計劃經濟體制下金融集中管制會抑制金融創新，市場經濟金融體系下的相對管制會促進金融創新，且在此管制方式下，金融管製程度與金融創新規模之間呈凸曲線關系；壟斷競爭市場結構最有利於金融創新活動展開。
  18. Based on previous research, the major research works and initiative points in this article are : firstly, this thesis discusses the rationality of using economic method and agent technology to manager grid resource, and make out the need and feasibility of introducing the economic method. secondly, proposing a resource management economic model by syncretizing web services, which can adapt to the dynamic traint, integrate the existent distributed system, and fit the inherent scalability. thirdly, proposing a graph model of the resource dynamic replication strategy. and the graph model solve the three key points of dynamic replication, that is, which, when, and where the replicas should be created

    在前人的工作基礎上，本文的主要研究工作及創新如下: （ 1 ）本文討論了使用經濟學方法實施網格資源管理的合理性，分析了網格環境引入經濟學方法的必要性和可行性; （ 2 ）提出了基於代理的、融合了web服務的網格資源管理經濟學模型，該模型可以滿足網格的動態性特點，可以很好的集成目前已有的系統，不造成資源浪費，並且適應網格的可擴展性要求; （ 3 ）提出了網格中資源動態復制的圖模型。
  19. It is a finance national treasury management system which capital rendering and allocating are in the main form of national treasury centralized revenue and expenditure, worked for financial capital finance department on the basis of national treasury single account system. public finance has important inspiring meanings on national treasury centralized revenue and expenditure system : it supplies scientific theory basis of finance national treasury centralized revenue and expenditure system innovation ; it emphasizes on efficiency and equity of its theory is the important object of finance national treasury centralized revenue and expenditure system innovation ; it is useful for realizing the “ publicity ” standard of this theory ’ s focus, it is the important “ indicator ” of our

    但在實際運行中由於經濟及非經濟因素的影響產生了一些問題，本人針對這些問題進行了積極的思考，提出了提高認識以求轉變觀念;完善公共財政支出管理體制改革;完善國庫集中收付制度的配套改革;加快國庫集中收付制度改革的搶先進度;完善相關法律法規;加強責任制約機制進而強化執法監督;加強內部管理並提高服務質量和人員素質等建議。
  20. Under the traditional central planning system, chinese enterprises were not independent legal entities but production units that subordinated to the highly centralized management of government ' s financial allocation and a small portion of bank loan. enterprises had no choice in financing their operation, and the corporate financing methods would not be needed in such a system

    在傳統的計劃經濟體制下，中國的企業實質上並不是獨立的經濟實體，而是隸屬于政府部門高度集中管理的一個生產性機構，那時企業資金來源是財政撥款和很少的一部分銀行貸款，企業沒有融資的自主權，當然也不存在融資方式的選擇問題。
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