離群分子 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [líqúnfēnzi]
離群分子 英文
stray element
  • 離 : Ⅰ動詞1 （離開） leave; part from; be away from; separate 2 （背離） go against 3 （缺少） dispens...
  • 群 : Ⅰ名詞（聚在一起的人或物） crowd; group Ⅱ量詞（用於成群的人或物） group; herd; flock
  • 分 : 分Ⅰ名詞1. （成分） component 2. （職責和權利的限度） what is within one's duty or rights Ⅱ同 「份」Ⅲ動詞[書面語] （料想） judge
  • 子 : 子Ⅰ名詞1 （兒子） son 2 （人的通稱） person 3 （古代特指有學問的男人） ancient title of respect f...
  1. The results showed that the mean proportion of polymorphic loci ( ppb ) of anabasis aphylla, which comprised 3 subpopulations ( 58 individuals sampled ), generated by 16 primers was 94. 56 %, the value of ppb of ceratocarpus arenarius, which had 4 subpopulations ( 80 individuals sampled ), using 16 primers was 98. 00 %. the paper had proved that the higher genetic diversity and the genetic differentiation existed in the populations of boih anabasis aphylla and ceratocarpus arenarius, while the latter had much more genetic diversity than the former. moreover, the study discussed the shannon information index and nei ' s gene diversity index of the two species natural populations, which indicated that there were more genetic variations within the subpopu

    另外，通過rapd資料的聚類分析及相關性分析研究，發現無葉假木賊和角果藜自然種群的遺傳結構與綠洲沙漠過渡帶的微生境生態因子（主要是土壤因子）相關，其中無葉假木賊亞種群遺傳多樣性水平不僅與土壤含水量（ w ） 、鉀鈉離子濃度（ k + na ）和氯離子濃度（ cl ）呈顯著的正相關（ p 0 . 05 ） ，還與土壤中有機質（ som ） 、全氮（ nt ）和全磷（ pt ）含量呈顯著的負相關；同時，角果藜種群的遺傳多樣性水平與土壤中有機質（ som ）和全氮（ nt ）含量呈顯著的正相關，而與co _ 3 ~ （ 2 - ）濃度呈顯著的負相關；除此之外，其它土壤生態因子與兩物種遺傳多樣性水平的相關性均不顯著（卜0 . 05 ） 。
  2. A rabbit was infected with a cloned yntatl, blood was collecting from from the rabbit every 3 days after infection within 30 days, 10 clonal trypanosome populations were gotten, infecting a new rabbit by the last non - cloned trypanosome population. repeated above all, thus infected 5 rabbits sequentially. twenty different vats ( variant antigen type ) were monitored and characterized from those fifty mono - clonal populations by indirect immunofluorescence test ( ift ) and avidin biotin enzyme immunoassay ( abc - eia )

    用伊氏錐蟲雲南水牛單克隆株yntat1感染兔，感染后30天內，每3天從兔血中分離錐蟲並單蟲克隆，最後一個未單蟲克隆的蟲株感染另一隻兔，重復以上操作，這樣順序感染5隻兔子，共獲得50個單克隆錐蟲種群（ tp ） ，經間接免疫熒光和abc酶標試驗鑒定共為20個抗原性互不相同的抗原變異體（ vats ） 。
  3. We focused on the following aspects ; 1 ) we first assayed the expression of complement receptors and complement - associated molecules on distinct subsets of dendritic cells during their development in order to understand the physical basis of the sensitivity of dendritic cells to complement and its split products ; we next studied the effects of complement activation on the survival of dendritic cells during their development ; and finally examined the effects of the whole complement system, focusing on the ability of one of the split products of complement activation, c5a, and its first subcomponent - c1q, to influence chemotaxis of dendritic cells, as well as allo - t cell stimulatory activity of dc

    我們通過免疫磁珠分離了兩種人dc前體，即髓系來源的單核細胞（ monocytes ， mo ）和淋巴系來源的漿細胞樣dc （ plasmaeytoiddendriticeells ， pdc ） ，對這兩個不同dc亞群進行體外誘導培養，使其處于不同的分化發育階段，然後檢測了其表達補體受體一cd35 （ cri ） 、 cd21 （ crz ） 、 cdilb （ cr3 ） 、 cdlle （ cr4 ） ，補體調控蛋白一cd46 、 cd55 、以及部分補體片斷分子受體一c3ar 、 csar 、 clqrp的水平。
  4. Cluster analysis by upgma methods indicated that these five stocks might be divided into three clusters. results of rapd a nalysis suggested that extensive genetic diversity was detected in this species and the genetic divergence among stocks was relatively high ; upgma phylogenetic tree showed there existed three geographic populations of p. polyactis in the yellow sea and the east china sea, which supported the previous conclusion by morphological and ecological methods. part two : the genetic diversity between trichiurus lepturus and eupleurogrammus muticus random amplified polymorphic dna ( rapd ) technique was applied to 12 individuals from each species of the hairtail fishes trichiurus lepturus and eupleurogrammus muticus collected from the yellow sea

    50一2 . 44 ） ，群體內和群體間的遺傳變異比例分別為69 %和31 % ;群體間的平均遺傳相似度和遺傳距離分別為0 . 9139和o . q861 ;用非加權配對算數平均法（ unweightedpair - groupmethodofari山m七tiome即s ， upgma ）聚類分析的結果表明，所分析的5個群體可被分為3個地理群系，從分子水平上支持了過去有關學者把黃海和東海的小黃魚劃分為北中南3個地理群系的觀點。
  5. His found that a large number of crystal cell is one of the typical salt - resistant characteristics in high - saltnity halophytes, and the distribution of salt hydronium inside plants appears obvious regional characteristic of many arrangements : salt - hydronium - - vacuole - - despersed singal crystal cell or vacuole bags which contain salts - - vacuole bags or crystal cell in groups or distributed as groups - - little consecutive crystal cell ring of organ periphery - - consecutive crystal cell ring of organ periphery

    發現大量的含晶細胞是高鹽度鹽生植物的一種代表性的抗鹽結構特徵，並且鹽離子在植物體內的分佈呈現出明顯的多層次性的區域化特徵：鹽離子液泡分散的單個含晶細胞或含鹽液泡包成群或成堆分佈的含鹽液泡包或含晶細胞器官外周不太連續的含晶細胞環器官外周連續的含晶細胞環。
  6. Consisting of the protracting graph of hydrogen - like atom ' s angle distributing, computer simulation of the symmetry of molecular orbital and chemical reaction mechanism, showing the molecular point group and symmetry element, computer simulation of molecular vibration, bravias ' s crystal lattice and their transforming, extracting of plane periodic lattice, extracting of solid periodic lattice, close packing of isometrical pellet and the structure of simple mental substance, close packing of unequal pellet and crystal structure of representative ionic crystal, computer simulation of phase analysis by x - ray diffraction

    內容包括類氫原子角度分布圖的繪制，分子軌道對稱性和反應機理的微機模擬，分子點群和對稱元素顯示，分子振動運動的微機模擬，布拉維晶格和晶格轉化，平面點陣抽取，立體點陣抽取，等徑網球的密堆積和金屬單質結構，不等徑圓球密堆積和典型離子晶體結構， x射線多晶衍射的微機模擬十個子模塊。
  7. Previous researchers have always determined the sp atial distribution patterns ( sdp ) of castanopsis kawakamii with a sample - dis tance method. however, the distribution patterns may be affected by the quadrat si ze and, in the course of analysis, the density differences among the cluster plots are not considered ; therefore, differences of cluster plot size and the dispersi on degree among individuals of cluster plots can not be known. authers of this pa per have determined the spatial distribution patterns of castanopsis kawakamii population in different habitats by means of non - quadrat distance method and a nalysed the pattern intensity and grain of the sdp. the pattern intensity is defi ned with the relative density differences and the pattern grain can embody the d ispersion degree of the individuals in the plots, and the dispersion degree among the plots. the determined results are as follows. the intensities of the species range in order from strong to week : litsea mollifolia p. kawakamii i. purpure a r. cochinchinensis c. kawakamii c. carlessii d. oldphamii s. superba. the gra ins of the species queue in order from coarse to close : s. superba = litsea mollif olia r. cohinchinensis c. kawakamii = i. purpurea c. carlessii p. racemosam d. oldp hamii. these determined results tally basiclly with the results authers of this paper have got in determining the same plots by means of aggregate index access ing method. in view of this, it is held that the sdp of c. kawakamii is closely related to the habitats and biological features

    前人都是採用樣方方法對格氏栲種群數量的空間格局進行測定，而格局分佈有可能受樣方大小的影響，且分析過程中沒有涉及聚塊間密度差的問題，因而無法掌握種群的聚塊大小差別及聚塊內個體間的離散程度.本研究採用無樣方距離法，測定不同生境的格氏栲種群空間格局，分析格氏栲種群格局的強度和紋理.強度以聚塊和間隙的密度差來定義，紋理則是體現聚塊內個體間的離散程度與諸聚塊間的分離程度.測定結果表明，格氏栲種群格局強度從高到低排列次序為：木姜子蚊母樹冬青茜草樹格氏栲米櫧虎皮楠木荷；格局紋理從粗到細的順序是：木荷=木姜子茜草樹格氏栲=冬青米櫧蚊母樹虎皮楠.這一測定結果與作者採用聚集度指標測定相同樣地格氏栲種群空間格局的結果基本相符.因此，格氏栲空間格局類型及分佈與格氏栲生物學特性及生境的關系密切
  8. Heredity modes of 6 traits were studied by analysis of population genetics, by the method of family combination analysis, by the methods of proband ' s sib analysis, segregation analysis, the threshold model of polygenes, and analysis of typical family trees, according to the data of the 72 families. the relative importance between genetic and environmental effect on each character was evaluated by comparing the coherence of twins. gene frequencies of 5 genetic characters, calculated from han group in huhhot, were compared with other groups by u - test so as to study the population or nationality difference in heredity

    採用群體遺傳學分析、家系組合分析法、先證者同胞法、分離分析法及多基因閾值模式分析方法對所得家系資料進行了統計學分析，結合家繫系譜分析探討了上述6項特徵的遺傳方式；通過雙生子一致率的比較，對上述特徵的遺傳與環境效應的相對重要性進行了評價；計算了呼和浩特市漢族群體5對遺傳性狀的基因頻率，採用u檢驗方法與相關文獻報道的其他群體進行了比較，探討了不同種族間或民族間的遺傳差異性。
  9. Compared with the 5. 8s complete sequence of the snail arion rufus, its1 and its2 regions were recognized and combined for analysis. from sequence observation, it showed that the zhejiang sample has more inserted sites and fragments while the sequences of other three are nearly all the same. the average g % + c % of the four individuals was 46. 8 % while the zhejiang sample ' s was 48. 3 % and the other three ' s were all about 46. 2 % ; ts / tv and genetic distance mainly lies between the zhejiang sample and the other three individuals, which were 0. 8 and 0. 07 respectively

    用於比較的序列長約350bp ，觀測一級結構，加拿大、墨西哥灣扇貝和美國二代個體的its1和its2序列幾乎完全相同，而浙江個體則具有較多的插入位點與片段； 4個個體平均g + c含量46 . 8 % ，其中浙江個體為48 . 3 % ，其它3個個體均為46 . 2 %左右；轉換顛換比與遺傳距離主要存在於浙江個體與其它3個個體之間，分別為0 . 8和0 . 07左右；以櫛孔扇貝作外群構建的分子系統樹表明：浙江群體已產生了一定的分化。
  10. The main idea of this model is to cut down waiting time for the last ( slowest ) individuals, by dynamic splitting the population into demes, which can then be processed without delay

    它的主要思想是通過動態分離種群為子群從而減少最差個體的等待時間，使得子群的演化不被拖延。
  11. A - quasiconvex subgroup of an asynchronously combable group is also asynchronously combable, and furthermore, a - quasiconvex subgroup of an asynchronously combable group equipped with a departure function is also asynchronously combable equipped with a departure function

    摘要證明了異步可梳群的-擬凸子群仍是異步可梳群，並且如果異步可梳群具有分離函數，則其-擬凸子群也具有分離函數。
  12. The generation of energetic ions during the interaction of a linear - polarized ultra - short ultra - intense laser pulse with solid targets are examined by particle simulation. three energetic ion populations are observed and the acceleration mechanisms are analyzed, respectively. the first population is pulled out from the target by the electron jet in front of the target

    模擬觀察到三群高能離子的產生，並對其加速機制一一進行了分析:在靶的前部，向外噴射的高能電子在靶前形成電子云，將一部分離子拉出靶面，形成第一群高能離子;激光驅動大量高能電子向靶內輸運，這些電子牽引靶前部的離子向前加速，形成第二群高能離子:高能電子很快穿透靶，在靶后形成電子云，加速靶后表面處的離子，形成第三群高能離子。
  13. 27th hkiff was not minimalist enough, kiarostami decides to completely dispense with dialogue, actors or camera movement in his latest. but far from being impenetrably austere, the iranian master has instead created one of his most poetic and humanistic works yet. each of the five zen - like static shots captures nature at its most glorious, from the driftwood washing up against the beach to the thunderous rumbles of rain upon the dark sea

    基阿魯斯達米去年完成的兩部數碼錄像電影之一，是他海邊寫劇本時妙手偶拾的五個長鏡頭，長度十至二十多分鐘不等，分別是：一海灘一截木頭，隨潮來潮往二海邊路上人來人往，偶爾駐足離開，浪濤不停拍岸三冬日天空，大海，海灘大遠鏡，一群狗在遠方走動四鴨子一隻接一隻由左走向右，再聯群回頭向左走五晚上的池塘，偶見月光倒影，時而漆黑一片，只聞蛙聲此起彼落，然後打雷閃電下雨，最終黎明。
  14. Once we came across a school of hippopotami, which rose, and bellowed dreadfully at us within ten or a dozen fathoms of the boat.

    有一次我們遇到一群河馬，離我們的船有十至十二碼的樣子，正一沉一浮地怪叫著朝我們游來，樣子十分可怕。
  15. As the results, more and more serious requirements were raised to the nuclear data acquisition and control system. in order to meet these requirements and to support the advanced study of the interaction between clusters and materials, a key project supported by china national science foundation, we have done the study of the data acquisition and control system for the clusters characteristic in detail, and employed single - chip microcomputers and pc computers to compose a large scale data acquisition and control system. the composition mode of this kind of system and the distribution of tasks, the acquisition and control circuit units based on single - chip microcomputers, the real - time communication methods and the software composition under the windows 98 were also discussed in detail

    針對這一問題並為了保證國家自然科學基金重點項目「荷能離子團簇與介質的相互作用」等前沿研究課題的進行，本論文對團簇研究中的數據獲取和調控問題進行了詳細研究，提出了以pc微機和集群式單片微機為主構成的團簇特性研究用分散式多通道數據獲取和調控系統的方法；詳細討論了這種系統的最佳組成模式、任務分配、單片微機數據采控單元、系統內實時通訊網的建立和windows環境下系統軟體的編寫等硬軟體問題。
  16. We focused our discussions on the mechanism of saturation of the wakefield and the electron parametric instabilities which affect the process of the wakefield generation and electrons acceleration. we developed a 2 - dimension distributed parallel pic code under mpi parallel environment and got a good speedup ratio tested on yh - iv and pc computer groups

    為了解決研究激光和稀薄等離子體相互作用所需的大量計算，我們研製了21 2d分散式粒子模擬并行程序，在微機群和巨型機yh ? iv對程序并行性能進行了測試得到了較高的加速比。
  17. Study on the phase separation of polymer alloys with the non - linear sub - cluster statistical theory

    非線性群子統計理論考察高分子合金的相分離現象
  18. An increased security presence in himalayan forests to root out separatist militants, as well as a ban on hunting, has helped curb poaching and allowed the population of bears to increase from between 800 to 900 animals in 1990

    安全部隊為了根除分離主義好戰份子，增兵駐扎喜瑪拉雅山森林，以及禁止狩獵措施的實施，都有助於抑制盜獵，讓熊群數量自1990年的800到900隻之間增加。
  19. Endophytic bacteria are ubiquitous in most plant species, residing latently or actively colonizing plant tissues locally as well as systemically, and do not visibly harm the plant. in this study, the population dynamics and biodiversity of endophytic bacteria from seeds, roots, stems and leaves of seven tobacco cultivars were examined at different plant developmental stages, and the antagonistic activities of the endophytic bacteria against four tobacco fungal pathogens in vitro were also examined

    本研究以七個田間種植的煙草品種（ k326 ， k346 ， rg11 ， g28 ， nc89 ，紅大，雲煙85 ）的種子、根、莖、葉為試驗材料，通過嚴格表面消毒處理後分離內生細菌，對7個品種整個生育期中內生細菌的種群及其動態進行了定量和定性分析。
  20. This paper reviews current development in researches of the field of microbial diversity in polluted soils at home and abroad based on the methods of isolating culture and biomarkers, and the knowledge of microbial diversity from the angles of different ecological levels, and explores advanced approaches, new ideas and issues in the research on soil microbial ecological processes aiming at new problems in soil pollution the world is faced with

    本文基於分離培養以及生物標志分子方法，從不同生態層次上認識微生物多樣性，較全面、系統地綜合評述國內外污染土壤環境的微生物群落功能、結構及分子遺傳多樣性的研究進展，並針對新形勢下土壤污染所面臨的新問題，探討了近期土壤微生物生態學過程研究的重要手段與科學問題。
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