零變化 的英文怎麼說

In reference to the practical changes in the deregulated markets of the advanced countries in the area of europe, america and asia and the countermeasures of the countries, combing with the problems encountered in the marketing and sales practice of the panzhihua brach of sinopec, the paper applies the swot analysis method, rationally analyzes the outside environment and inside conditions. according to the characterizes of gasoline resources, and the market situation after it transformed from the monopolistic style of planning economy to the monopolistic competition style, the paper also analyze the strengths and weakness of the industry brought by the forthcoming event of the permission of the wholesales market of gasoline. based on the above analysis, the paper posits the marketing strategic objectives and measures as follows : ensuring the management of suppliers, adding the retail and direct sales network, improving operating qualities, making the customer relationship management and realizing the multi - benefits of company and customers

本文在營銷理論的基礎上，通過親身經歷，調查了解，深入研究了成品油在國際、國內市場中過去、現在的市場狀況和發展歷程，參考國際上歐美及亞洲發達國家先期放開成品油管制後市場的實際變化和應對措施，以及結合中石化攀枝花公司營銷工作中存在的問題，理性分析營銷外部環境和內部條件，運用swot分析法，根據成品油能源特點，就成品油市場從計劃經濟的壟斷形式轉向目前國際國內市場競爭的壟斷性競爭的形式后，對成品油批發市場即將準入后的優劣、利弊進行了分析和研究，提出了「作好供應商管理，增加零售和直銷網路、提高經營質量，充分做好客戶關系管理，實現公司和客戶共同成長」的營銷戰略目標和戰略措施。

The research of this paper includes three parts : the first, according to the statistical figures about the cargo transport in recent years, it analyzes cargo transport structure and the changing law and the internal reason of cargo transport. at the same time it analyzes and calculates the change of the arriving ships " structure for a systematic and full understand of the transport demands. the second, it make a scientific forecast of the port ' s future cargo capacity making use of the grey forecast system, which provides scientific basis for medium - long term development plan of the port ' s cargo handling capacity

本文研究的工作主要分三個部分：第一，根據張家港近年來有關貨物運輸的一些統計數據，對貨物運輸的結構和規模演變的規律及內在原因作一剖析，同時對到港船舶的結構變化進行預測，以求對運輸需求有一個系統全面的了解；第二，應用灰色預測系統對張家港港未來港口貨運吞吐量進行科學預測，為張家港港貨物裝卸能力規劃提供科學依據；應用物元分析技術對張家港港口的未來發展前景作出一定程度的分析、研究，找出張家港港口未來發展規劃的零散無序、不成系統的因素，總結前人經驗的基礎上採用綜合評判物元模型進行評判，在預測港口未來發展規劃是否科學實際上具有獨到見解。

High accuracy kdp crystal optics is now considered as one of optics that is the most difficult to be processed for its series of disadvantageous characteristics to optics processing such as anisotropy, soft nature, easy to deliquesce, high brittleness, sensitive to temperature change, easy to crack and so on. therefore the long machining period, low percent of pass and astaticism quality has become the bottleneck of icf technology, and the surface quality control of kdp crystal processing has become the key problem to be solved in the research of icf in our country

Kdp晶體零件是目前公認的最難加工的光學零件之一，因為kdp晶體具有各向異性、質軟、易潮解、脆性高、對溫度變化敏感和易開裂等不利於光學加工的特點，所以加工周期長、合格率低、質量不穩定成為慣性約束聚變技術的瓶頸， kdp晶體超精密加工表面質量控制問題已經成為我國慣性約束聚變研究中亟待解決的關鍵問題。

Disigning coolant channel on the firebox of liquid rocket engine to loxodrome ( equal - angle helix ) groove can improve firebox coolant capability greatly. because the width dimension of loxodrome groove is narrow and the depth is deep, some machining methods are incapable, such as end - milling or electrochemistry. according to the peculiarities, a cnc disk - cutter - milling method which is composed of five motion axes with four simultaneously interpolated ones is researched. because most firebox generatrix is composed of complex curves, it is very difficult to get cnc cutting program with manual means. in order to deal with the problem, the loxodrome mathematics model is studied, and an auto - programming software system is developed. the software system can generate cnc cutting program of loxodrome on many kinds of turned surface. the constriction - distension segment of firebox is the most representative workpiece. the sharp changing of its generatrix slope makes loxodrome milling difficult. with the theory analyzing and practice cutting experiment, some applied techniques, which include milling mode and direction, choosing cutter diameter and cutting start point setting, are developed. adopting the technology above, tens regular workpiece have been manufacturing. the two - year manufacture practice has confirmed the validity and feasibility of developed loxodrome coolant channel milling method. the developed technology is also worth to be referenced to other similar workpiece

將液體火箭發動機燃燒室的冷卻通道設計為斜航線（等傾角螺旋線）槽形，可以大幅度改善燃燒室的冷卻性能.斜航線冷卻槽的槽寬尺寸較小而槽深尺寸較大，所以無法使用棒銑刀銑削、電化學等加工方式.針對這些特點，提出了五軸控制、四軸聯動的數控片銑刀銑削加工方法.由於燃燒室外表面的母線輪廓復雜，手工編制數控加工程序難度大.為了解決數控加工程序的編制問題，研究了斜航線的數學模型，開發了自動編程軟體系統.使用該系統，可以生成多種母線輪廓回轉體外表面上的斜航線數控加工程序.燃燒室收斂-擴張段的母線斜率變化大，加工難度大，是斜航線冷卻通道加工的最典型工件.經過理論分析和實際切削實驗，研究了針對該類型工件的片銑刀直徑選擇、銑削方式和方向、刀具調整和起刀點的設置等多項實際的加工方案.採用上述的一系列技術，已經成功地加工了數十個合格工件.經過兩年多的實際生產過程應用，驗證了所開發的斜航線冷卻通道加工方法的正確性和可行性.這些加工技術的研製成功，對其他相似類型零件的加工亦具有參考意義

Long - term changes in orthophosphate phosphorus in marine waters of hong kong, 1986 - 2005

一九八六至二零零五年香港海域正磷酸鹽磷含量的長期變化pdf

The thesis developed the optimization design software of geometric parameter for the worm gear including strength check module, the drawing contact lines module, the change lines of tooth thickness of worm, and the parametric modelling software for the reducer which includes parametric modelling of parts and assembly. the cad prototype system is very convenient because of its accessible interfere, simple operation and written in chinese. by input design parameters ， the cad system can make optimization design and strength check for the worm gear ， draw contact lines of tooth flank of worm - gear and change line of tooth thickness of worm ， judge if the tooth flanks of worm undercut and if the sideward tooth of worm - gear hob come to a point ， make project design and structure design for the reducer and draw its 2d parts and assembly

研究和開發了平面二次包絡環面蝸桿傳動的參數優化設計和校核軟體系統：包括幾何參數設計計算模塊，強度校核模塊，繪制齒面接觸線模塊，蝸桿齒厚變化曲線模塊和蝸桿根切判別模塊；開發了平面二次包絡環面蝸桿減速器外形與結構尺寸數據庫以及傳動效率數據庫，建立了平面二次包絡環面蝸桿傳動公差及極限偏差數據庫；開發了平面二次包絡環面蝸桿減速器參數化建模軟體：包括零部件的參數化建模模塊和裝配圖的參數化建模模塊，其中零部件的參數化建模包括蝸桿軸系的參數化建模、蝸輪軸系的參數化建模、箱體的參數化建模、端蓋的參數化建模、軸承的參數化建模和其它零部件的參數化建模軟體模塊。

For the past few years in our country the retail trade is one of the industries that are developing most quickly and the most spiritoso as well, and it reaches the level which the western countries did since the second half in 19 the century

我國零售業是近年來變化最快，最具有生氣的行業之一，在改革開放以後較短時間里完成了西方19世紀後半期以來零售業態的變化（ 「零售業態的變化」好像有些問題，所以實在不通順） 。

Analyzing the variation of the nozzle arc parameters at current zero, in addition, analyzing the breaking property of the studied circuit breaker on the basis of the theory

分析了電流過零時噴口內電弧參數變化的原因，此外，從理論上對所研究的斷路器的開斷性能進行了分析。

A novel low mechanical hysteretic ceramic capacitive pressure transducer has been made, by using of ceramic sealing technology ; integrate circuit ( ic ) technology and thick film plane fixing circuit technology. this transducer is made of a deformable ceramic diaphragm and a ceramic base plate, between which has an air cavum. a coaxial gold electrode was fired onto the diaphragm and the base plate

本文利用新型陶瓷技術、集成電路技術和厚膜平面安裝電路技術，採用零力學滯后的陶瓷和陶瓷密封材料進行設計製造了一種非充液乾式的電容式壓力傳感器，該壓力傳感器由較厚的陶瓷基體和較薄的陶瓷膜片構成，中間形成一空氣介質腔，在基座和膜片之間內置同軸的雙電極，組成兩個電容，當膜片承受壓力時發生位移，使電容量產生變化，經後置處理電路直接轉換為可輸出的直流電壓信號。

Long - term changes in chlorophyll - a in marine waters of hong kong, 1986 - 2005

一九八六至二零零五年香港海域葉綠素- a含量的長期變化pdf

1 m 0. 5, the phase - shifted angle 6 is controlled in term of sine law which makes the magnitude of resonant voltage track a reference sine voltage, and the resonant voltage is rectified, filtered, inverted and then the better sine - voltage output is obtained, theoretical analysis and experimental results show that for the resistive load and inductive load, the switches of leading leg of the phase - shift - controlled circuit are always turned on at zvs, and ones of lagging leg are turned on at zvs ( < 0 ) or turned off at zcs ( ( > 0 ), moreover, all switches in the low - frequency inverter are always turned on and off at zvs, the measured circuit efficiency for rated load reaches up to 88 %

從功率單向流動角度出發，提出了一種lcc諧振型恆頻移相單相高頻鏈逆變電路拓撲，在調制系數0 . 1 m 0 . 5情況下，控制移相角按正弦規律變化，使諧振電壓脈沖列的幅值追蹤參考正弦電壓信號，經過整流、濾波、低頻逆變，從而獲得正弦度較好的輸出電壓。理論分析和實驗結果證明對于阻性負載或阻感性負載，移相全橋具有超前橋臂零電壓開通，滯后橋臂或者零電壓開通（ _ 0 ）或者零電流關斷（ _ 0 ）的軟開關特性，而低頻逆變器的各個開關均實現零電壓條件下的開通與關斷。

To resolve the situation that the sensitivity of present ground fault protection schemes is low for the large - sized hydro - generators, a kind of protection scheme based on the fault component of third - harmonic voltage and two kinds of protection scheme based on the fault component of zero - sequence voltage at the terminals and neutral are developed, and they can obtain higher sensitivity and reliability and provide 100 % protection for the stator windings. the influence of noise on the stator ground fault protection based on the local modulus maximum of wavelet transform is analyzed

針對目前大型水輪發電機定子繞組單相接地保護靈敏度偏低的問題，通過分析單相接地故障后機端和中性點零序電壓的變化特點，提出了一種基於機端和中性點三次諧波電壓故障分量和兩種基於機端和中性點零序電壓故障分量的高靈敏度、高可靠性保護方案，並實現定子繞組的100 %保護。

The soft switching, phase - shifted pwm and bi - directional dc - dc converter hang together, depress circuit switching loss and noise effectively, which provide condition to increase switch frequency, efficiency and reduce size and weight for the converter ; at the same time, it is proved the converter can achieve zvs in larger load variation, and the converter has the virtue of structure compact, voltage and current stress small such as ordinary hard switch converter

該變換器把軟開關技術和相移控制pwm技術以及雙向dc - dc變換器技術有機結合在一起，有效地降低了電路的開關損耗和開關噪聲，為變換器裝置提高開關頻率、效率以及降低尺寸及重量提供了良好的條件;同時，能拓寬零電壓開關的范圍，使變換器在較寬的負載變化范圍內都能實現軟開關。

After the ministry of finance had issued the budget accounting regulation including overall finance budget accounting, governmental unit accounting and institutional accounting, a series of budget accounting regulation has come into being in china, which was suitable for our socialistic market economy. along with a series of reformation about government finance administration and government budget administration such as reforming edition method of budget etc., however, the working environment of our existing budget accounting regulation has made a big change

但隨著我國以加強和規范財政管理為中心、對預算管理體制所進行的一系列改革，如：改革預算編制方法、細化預算編制內容、實行零基預算和部門預算、逐步實施國庫集中收付制度、推行積極政府采購制度等，現行預算會計的運行環境已經發生了重大變化、原核算內容和方法已不能適應某些新業務的變化在執行中暴露出一些深層次的問題，迫切需要對預算會計制度進行進一步修改和完善。

Chainstitches are often used to attach waisbands on sports wear and decorative strips on sleeves and trouser legs, from jackers, quit covers to bed covers. when added with some auxiliary conponents, the machine can sew a multiple of decorative patterns. it is piece of indispensable sewing equipment for garment factories

因鏈式線跡有彈性，常用於縫制運動服的緊腰部位和衣袖褲腿的裝飾條，從夾克衫、運動服到被套床罩，增加一些輔助零件后，就能變化出多種裝飾形式，是服裝廠不可缺少的縫制設備。

Zero - voltage turn - on and zero - voltage turn - off in lagging arm and leading arm of soft - switching topology, working waveform of power transformer and process of rectifier and transition are presented in detail. the influence of resonant inductance of the power transformer, resonant capacitor and variation of load to the process of soft - switching are given

主要對軟開關滯后橋臂和超前橋臂的零電壓開通、關斷過程，功率變壓器的工作波形及整流換流過程進行了詳細的模擬分析，並重點討論了逆變器的諧振電感、諧振電容以及負載變化對軟開關過程的影響。

Abstract : in this study, 2618 aluminum alloy manufactured by spray process was heated in a heating furnace, and the microstructures were investigated. by the process of heating in a heating furnace and then squeeze - forming, one component of the motorcycle was produced successfully with the semi - solid aluminum alloy

文摘:採用電阻爐加熱的方法對噴射沉積法制備的2618鋁合金進行了二次加熱實驗，觀察了顯微組織的變化；並通過電阻爐加熱、半固態擠壓鑄造的方法成功地試制了摩托車零件。

| | of sb and that there exists a positive nondecreasing function ( a ), a > 0, such that with some k, r, b > 0. then assuming also that ( ) is a regularly varying function at zero, or at infinity, with a positive exponent, [ l ] has proved large deviation results for increments like sup sup | | ( t + s ) - ( t ) | |, which then used to establish module of continuity and large increment estimates for ( )

假設存在正的非降的函數（ a ） ， a 0 ，使得對某個k ， ， 0 ，有成立，還假設（ ? ）是帶有一個正指數，在零點正則變化的函數，文[ 1 ]中給出並證明了形如的增量的有關結論，並由此建立了（ ? ）的大增量及連續模的極限定理。

The specific resistance change produces a zero shift.

電阻的這一特殊變化造成零點漂移。

We study the time evolution law of the atomic response in an open - type inversionless lasing system when the probe or driving field is off - resonance, and compare the law with that obtained when the probe and driving fields are resonant. we find that the detuning has considerable effects on the time evolution law : when the probe or driving fields is off - resonance, the dispersive responses for the probe and driving fields are no longer 0 and the two - photon coherence is no longer a pure real ; the variation of the probe detuning can make the time evolution law of the population distributions and the gain ( absorbtion ) of the driving field changing obviously ; with detuning increasing, the time evolution behavior of the gain ( absorbtion ), dispersion of the probe field and the two - photon coherence will gradually diviate from the evolution law of the standard damped oscillator ; with the driving detuning increasing, the oscillating time of the dispersion of the driving field becomes longer, the amplitude and the stationary value increase

研究了探測場或驅動場失諧情況下開放的型無粒子數反轉激光系統中原子響應的時間演化規律，並與探測場和驅動場都共振時的演化規律進行了比較.我們發現失諧對時間演化規律有顯著的影響;當驅動場或探測場失諧時，原子對探測場和驅動場色散的響應不再為零，雙光子相干不再是純實量;探測場失諧的變化將使粒子布居和驅動場增益（吸收）的時間演化規律明顯改變;隨著失諧的增大，探測場增益（吸收） 、色散和雙光子相干隨時間的演化行為逐漸偏離標準阻尼振子的演化規律;驅動場色散驅動場失諧量的增加而振蕩時間變長，振幅和穩定值變大