非市場生產者 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fēishìchǎngshēngchǎnzhě]
非市場生產者 英文
non-market producers
  • 非 : Ⅰ名詞1 （錯誤） mistake; wrong; errors 2 （指非洲） short for africa 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞1 ...
  • 市 : 同 「黻」[fú]
  • 場 : 場Ⅰ名詞1 （平坦的空地 多用來翻曬糧食 碾軋穀物） a level open space; threshing ground 2 [方言] （...
  • 生 : Ⅰ動詞1 （生育; 生殖） give birth to; bear 2 （出生） be born 3 （生長） grow 4 （生存; 活） live;...
  • 產 : Ⅰ動詞1 （人或動物的幼體從母體中分離出來） give birth to; be delivered of; breed 2 （創造財富; 生...
  • 者 : Ⅰ助詞1 （用在形容詞或動詞後面 或帶有形容詞或動詞的詞組後面 表示有此屬性或做此動作的人或事物） 2 ...
  • 生產 : 1 （使用工具創造生產、生活資料） produce; manufacture 2 （生孩子） give birth to a child; childbi...
  1. On one side, tncs " m & a practices constitute a external force pushing china ' s further soes " reform, such as diversification of corporate ownership, enhancement of corporate governance structure, effective incentives mechanisms for corporate managers, upgrade of domestic enterprise ' s international competitiveness, introduce of competition mechanisms in monopoly industries, and so on. on the other side, tncs " m & a practices may bring some potential risks, such as soes " losing dominant position in strategic industries, costs of m & a failures, less employment opportunities, risks of embezzlement of stated owned assets, and tncs " abuse of market power

    五、跨國公司對中國企業的並購猶如一把雙刃劍，一方面它將有利於國有產權的多元化、公司治理結構的完善、控制權市場的形成、經營者的有效激勵約束、企業國際競爭力的提升、以及壟斷行業競爭機制的引入；另一方面，它也會產生各種風險，如國有經濟戰略性地位喪失的風險、整合失敗的風險、就業減少的風險、國內資產流失的風險、以及跨國公司非競爭性行為發生的風險等。
  2. Regarding individual motivations for the rise in vegetarian food sales, debra wasserman of the u. s. - based vegetarian resource group, says, supermarkets think people buy vegetarian for health reasons, but the biggest number of potential customers the pushers of vegetarianism are in support of animal rights. thus, even more than personal health, compassion for sentient beings appears to be a driving force in the growth of vegetarian food consumption

    分析素食產品銷售大幅攀升的原因，在個人動機方面，總部設於美國的素食資源團體vegetarian resource group的黛博拉瓦塞曼debra wasserman表示：超級市場認為人們為了健康的理由而購買素食品，不過大部分的潛在顧客，則是基於保護動物權利之理念的素食推廣者。由此可見，許多人吃素並非純粹為了個人的健康因素，對眾生的慈悲心才更是促使素食消費成長的主力。
  3. But the realistic economic life is not like that analyst of the theory, numerous public goods are not always produced and supplied by the government, but be produced and supplied by the market and non - commercial department

    但是，現實經濟生活並不是以理論分析者預期的那樣運行，僅就經濟生活中的公共物品供應而言，眾多的公共物品並非總是由政府生產和提供，而可以由私人市場和非營利部門生產和提供。
  4. In order to maximize their interests, the p owers of the demander and supplier will reach equilibrium and the price of trade policies, such as tariff rate and other non - tariff trade barriers will be cleared in the political market, which determine the pattern and extent of trade protection

    各種利益集團和政策制定者出於個人利益最大化的考慮，必然產生符合自身利益的貿易政策需求和供給，而貿易保護政策的價格，例如關稅稅率、非關稅壁壘（例如配額、許可證的數量等）則在政治市場上出清，從而決定了貿易保護政策選擇的形式和程度。
  5. This is harder to gauge, but it is clear that current exemptions to the ivory - sale ban have caused confusion among consumers and allowed much illegal ivory to be sold

    這很難估量，但（我們）清楚的是當前針對象牙貿易的放行政策已經使消費者們產生疑慮，也促使太多非法象牙流入市場。
  6. Study suggests the main constraints of management buy - out : it ' s groundless to fix a price, the information published not confirm with regular standard, purchase procedure is not transparent, purchase action is not with market law, and also policy restriction. consequently, the paper put forward solutions to improve management buy - out : 1 ) the policy to evade the inside risk : the main way is to select suitable enterprises to develop management buy - out ; 2 ) to ensure the transparent and the market standard of the purchase procedure : the main point is to guarantee the justification of the purchase price, to strengthen the transparent of the information announcement ; 3 ) to consummate the mechanism of supervise government : which the work should be done in the supervise department of government ; 4 ) to emancipate the mind, decrease the government action in the enterprises purchasing ; 5 ) to care for the latter developing of the mbo, the purpose of mbo is to pursue the biggest profit of the enterprise ; 6 ) to consummate the environment of circulating necessary funds ; 7 ) to solve the funds and taxes problems of mbo, this is a better way to solve the problems of mbo

    一是管理層收購定價方面的法律依據不足：二是信息披露不夠規范，現階段運作或已完成的mbo案例在進行信息披露時尤其是披露其資金來源時多諱莫如深，令投資者對其資金來源皆產生懷疑；三是收購程序不透明，歸根到底也是法律方面的不足，缺乏相關的公正的運作程序和政策保障；四是收購行為非市場化，我國的管理層收購結束之後往往僅僅是相對控股，股票繼續交易，所有者與經營者分離的問題並沒有從根本上得到解決，所有權與經營權相統一的目標沒有達到，這就可能造成大股東也就是內部人侵吞中小股東利益將更為便捷；五是融資渠道潰乏，主要是國家政策和法律的障礙限制了mbo的融資渠道；六是服務市場不夠發達，主要是中介市場缺乏高素質的專業人才，無法滿足客戶進行mbo的需要，從而限制了mbo在中國的運行；七是政策限制，主要對合法的收購主體的限制、收購規模的限制、收購時點的限制以及收購資金來源的限制。
  7. From the study we concludes chinese investors are irrational. through the relation examination between investors " forecast and investment returns after forecast, we found that there is no regression relation between investors " forecast and investment returns after forecast. so we refuse the viewpoint that investors " forecast can cause the security market inefficient

    通過檢驗投資者心理預期是否與預期后的投資收益率具有相關性的實證檢驗，發現投資者心理預期與預期后的投資收益率不具有回歸關系，投資者的心理預期對預期后的投資收益率不產生影響，從而拒絕投資者非理性導致市場非有效的觀點。
  8. Goods that private markets are not likely to produce efficiently are either nonrival or nonexclusive

    私人市場可能不能有效的生產出商品，或者是不存在競爭或者是非排他的。
  9. In capital market, the people ’ s judgement is different to real - estate trade, which makes potential real - estate company have difficult in multiplex financing, also makes the general investors ( especially ordinary investor ) not certain the investment direction. so as to appraise the value of the real - estate company accurately, it not only can offer the comparison standard among the real - estate enterprises, but also can provide the comparison basis of the real - estate with other industry, which has some extremely important reality guiding significance to the enterprise superintendents and the investors

    在資本市場上，人們對房地產業的褒貶不一，使很多具有發展潛力的房地產企業的多元化融資產生困難，也使廣大的投資者（特別是普通股民）把握不清房地產版塊的投資方向，實現對房地產企業相對準確而合理的價值評估，不僅能提供房地產自身企業間比較的標準，而且還可以作為房地產版塊與其它行業比較的依據，對企業管理者和投資者都有非常重要的現實指導意義。
  10. The payments for capital and labor are totally set by market power and capital ( labor ) suppliers of any firm have no power to alter the transaction terms with its labor ( capital ) suppliers to their advantage and thus every firm generate zero economic profit. every firm ' s value is equal to the sum of the market prices of the human assets and physical assets that it use and thus the formation and disbandment of a firm have no influence on the interest of any of its members. through an efficient comparison of production within the firm and the scattered individual production coordinated through markets, the dissertation reveals that the origin of the power relationship phenomenon within the firm is that the suppliers of the resources to the firm in real world are unable to enter into legally binding complete contracts as walras assumed

    在一般均衡範式中，企業是一個追求利潤最大化的原子；企業的生產過程被描述為一個「黑箱」 ，它自動地、無摩擦地把任何一組投入轉化為既定的技術約束下所能生產的最高產出；資本和勞動僅僅是生產過程中不同類別的投入，它們之間的關系是對稱的，它們各自的報酬都是完全由市場整體的力量決定的，任何一個企業的資本（勞動）提供者都不可能為了增進其自身的利益而改變與勞動（資本）提供者的交易條件，從而任何一個企業產生的經濟利潤都為零；任何一個企業的價值都等於該企業使用的人力資產和非人力資產的市場價格之和，組成一個企業不會增進任何參與人的收益，解散一個企業也不會降低任何參與人的收益。
  11. On the base of lots of american anti - dumping cases, the author concludes american policy and practice towards china as following : treating china as a non - market economy country ; deciding fair value with traditional measures ; deciding fair value according to the prices of productive factors in surrogate country ; treating chinese enterprises who accord with the demands with respective duty

    在綜合研究了大量美國反傾銷案例的基礎上，作者總結了美國對華反傾銷的政策與實務：一直給予中國非市場經濟國家待遇；使用傳統的方法確定公平價值；主要以生產要素替代國家價格確定公平價值；對符合條件的中國企業使用單獨稅率等。
  12. Because it is national labor department promulgates one of the 4th batch of new occupations, it is to answer the need and produces professional skill talented person of society, market, point to accept professional knowledge skill to groom, pass attestation of exam of national profession qualification, obtain from job seniority ( labor department is sent [ 1994 ] 98 date file sets the 6th times " the nuclear hair of the professional qualification appraisal that labor department is in charge of be being given priority to with skill and certificate and management " ), be engaged in nutrition seeking advice, propaganda and education of guidance of nutrient evaluation, nutrition, nutrition, nutrition management and the special profession that pursue nutrient education and scientific research job person

    因為它是國家勞動部頒布第4批新職業之一，是應社會、市場的需要而產生的職業技能人才，指接受專業知識技能培訓，通過國家職業資格考試認證，取得從業資格（勞部發[ 1994 ] 98號文件第6條規定「勞動部負責以技能為主的職業資格鑒定和證書的核發與治理」 ） ，從事營養咨詢、營養測評、營養指導、營養宣教、營養治理以及從事營養教學與科研工作的非凡職業者。
  13. Since the end of last century, the trends of financial cross - border merger have deserved intensive attention and extensive researches from policy - makers, researchers and financial press on its motives and effects

    上世紀末掀起的金融機構跨國並購的浪潮引起了政策制定者、學術界和金融界對並購的動機和效果的高度重視和廣泛考證。金融機構跨國並購的非效率動機包括:市場力，經理人和政府三個方面，並由此產生不同的效果。
  14. Herding behavior on the financial market is a non - rational action, it can bring negative effect on investors ' utility and stabilization on all markets

    摘要金融市場中的羊群行為是一種非理性的行為，對于投資者的效用和整個市場的穩定都產生消極的影響。
  15. Based on the retrospect and review of existent literature, spatial monopolization and rival strategy are accepted but the angle discussing the effect that product differentiation works on cooperation will be changed from producer. by re - constructing function of consumer utility and introducing in consumer preference, the degree of product differentiation may be denoted by the degree of consumer preference. the influence that product differentiation works on critical discount factor d can be obtained by introducing in one - shot price game and repeated game, from which we can learn the influence that product differentiation works on cooperation

    圍繞bertrand悖論的所展開的爭論，為進一步展開對這一問題的分析提供了豐富的工具和背景知識，在對已有的理論文獻加以回顧引述的基礎上，保留原有的空間壟斷概念和競爭策略的同時，改變單純從生產者角度來論述產品差異度對企業合作的影響，重新構造消費者效用函數，引入消費者偏好，以消費者的偏好的大小來表示產品之間的差異度，通過單時期和無限期博弈模型來論證產品差異度（消費者偏好程度之比）對臨界折現因子的影響，進而論證其對企業間進行合作所產生影響；效用函數的引入使得價格和運輸成本不再是決定消費者購買的唯一因素，消費者對產品的選擇不完全取決于消費者的位置，這會導致企業間定價和市場份額的非對稱性變化。
  16. As the development and change of competitive environment of international market for agricultural products, fujian characteristic agricultural product trade met a great deal of issues and challenges, the competition advantage of characteristic agricultural product is decreased constantly, the growth rate of exporting is influenced seriously too

    總體來說福建特色農產品所擁有的優勢只是地緣優勢、勞動力價格低廉的優勢和潛在的市場競爭力優勢，而在生產效率方面、產品質量方面、加工程度、市場營銷能力和滿足消費者需求等方面非常欠缺。
  17. Based on prospect effect and the idea of rational person, it develops a series of classic theories such as mpt, capm, apt, opt and so on. however, traditional financial theories ignore the analysis of investors ’ decision - making behavior, and they can ’ t explain a series of anomalous in financial market. at that time, behavioral economists and experimental economists put on a few of famous puzzled theories, such as equity premium puzzle and herding etc., which made a lot of challenge towards classic finance and economics

    對典型的認知偏差? ?羊群行為、過度自信與保守和噪音交易等非理性行為進行論述，並探討相應的認知偏差產生的過程與原因，認為羊群行為會造成資產價格的偏離，投資者的過度自信會形成投資者的有限參與和保守心理，噪音交易行為具有生存空間，非理性投資者與理性投資者的博弈過程形成了動態的市場均衡。
  18. Being a product of the development of market economy, commercial secrets enjoy significant influence on the survival and development of enterprises in the market competition, and it is an important method for enterprise forming and keeping competitiveness. however, usually the holders of commercial secrets are the senior managers and technical talents inside an enterprise, who will be pursued by the competitors no matter how much the cost it is. therefore, enterprises usually set up relevant clauses to restrain the staff shifting to the competitors " enterprises, thus, the formulation of laws and regulations of protection of commercial secrets turns out to be very important

    商業秘密是市場經濟發展的產物，它對企業在市場競爭中的生存和發展有著重要影響，是企業形成和保持競爭優勢的重要手段，而企業商業秘密的掌握者和使用者往往是一個企業的高級管理人才和技術人才，競爭對會不惜代價地挖走這些人，為此企業往往求助於競業禁止條款來限制企業人員流向競爭者的企業，因此確立商業秘密保護的法律制度非常重要。
  19. Again, scale is important here, and many british growers simply don ' t have the resources necessary to implement sophisticated marketing programs

    另外，這里的市場規模確實非常大，許多英國的生產者還沒有這么好的機會來實施成熟的營銷計劃。
  20. Concerned the 5 points of market economy, author point out that it ' s very difficult for chinese corporations to satisfy points 2 and 3. in fact, point 2 imposes an accounting standard higher than that of economy country, and in china on transformation from centrally planned economy to market economy, it ' s inevitable for an enterprise ' s production costs and financial situation be sisnificantly distorted, which is originating from non - market economy

    作者論述了歐盟針對我國的市場經濟五條標準中我國難于達到其中第二及第三條：第二條對中國提出了高於市場經濟國家的會計標準要求；第三條則是我國在由計劃經濟向市場經濟轉軌過程中難以避免使企業的生產成本和財務狀況不受到源自非市場經濟體制的明顯扭曲。
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