非生產性費用 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fēishēngchǎnxìngbìyòng]
非生產性費用 英文
dead expense
  • 非 : Ⅰ名詞1 （錯誤） mistake; wrong; errors 2 （指非洲） short for africa 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞1 ...
  • 生 : Ⅰ動詞1 （生育; 生殖） give birth to; bear 2 （出生） be born 3 （生長） grow 4 （生存; 活） live;...
  • 產 : Ⅰ動詞1 （人或動物的幼體從母體中分離出來） give birth to; be delivered of; breed 2 （創造財富; 生...
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 費 : Ⅰ名詞1 （費用） fee; expense; expenditure; dues; charge 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（花費; 耗費） ...
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 生產性 : productbility
  • 生產 : 1 （使用工具創造生產、生活資料） produce; manufacture 2 （生孩子） give birth to a child; childbi...
  • 費用 : cost; expenses; outlay
  1. The multiplier effect, as economists call it, is low in view of the high import leakage, so that an expansionary fiscal policy would be less effective here than in less externally oriented economies

    用經濟學者的術語，便是乘數效應即公營或私人消費增加對經濟所產生的刺激作用偏低，因此與非外向型的經濟體系比較，香港推行擴張性財政政策的成效會較低。
  2. Firstly, this paper, by the mummers, put forwards the reason of the false valuation of intangible assets from five aspects : the way of valuation, the organization of valuation, the client of valuation, the guild of valuation and government. secondly, put forwards the opinion from avoiding the administration of government, more developing the organization of valuation, strengthening the research of theory and criteria, reforming the charge system, and making the report of valuation in strictness and norm. it can effectively prevent and avoid the false valuation of intangible assets, and accelerate exuberance and continuance development of the valuation of intangible assets

    本文針對目前無形資產評估存在的失真現象，首先從評估方法、評估機構、評估客戶、評估行業和政府等五個方面系統和深入地分析無形資產評估失真產生的原因，接著從避免政府行政干涉、進一步發揮評估行業協會作用、加強評估理論和標準的研究、改革現有收費制度和嚴格按規范製作評估報告書等方面有針對性地提出失真解決辦法的建議，為有效預防和避免無形資產評估的失真，促進我國無形資產評估健康持續發展，有著非常重要的現實作用。
  3. The engendering source of traffic volumes and their general influential factors have been presented, and the situation of nowadays highway transportation has been discussed. according to the introduction of traffic distribution theory and classical assignment method, analysis of traffic flow path selection among cities and that of special influential factors for traffic flow on toll highways, initial analysis to the forming mechanism of traffic volume on road sections has been made, and a probability model for path selection has been set up with the maximum - utility theory and disaggregating model. detailed analysis to impedances on road sections and their functions ( especially to three main composing factors of the impedances as cost of time, transport and toll and to the functional relations with traffic loads ) was made, at the same time, the relative cost calculating model was set up on the basis of the state - of - art achievements in both international and national researches

    主要研究內容包括：交通量的產生根源及一般影響因素分析和當前公路運輸地位討論；從交通分配理論及經典配流方法著手，通過分析城市間交通流路徑選擇行為和收費公路路段交通量特殊影響因素，初步提出路段交通量的形成機理，並採用效用極大原理和非集結模型理論（ disaggregationmodel ） ，建立用戶出行路徑選擇概率模型；對路段阻抗及路阻函數（尤其對行程時間費用、車輛營運費用和道路收費這三個構成路段阻抗的主要因素及其與交通負荷間的函數關系）進行較為詳盡的分析，並以現階段國內外較為先進的研究成果為依據建立相應的成本測算模型，其中，特別提出了兩種確定客貨車輛時間價值的分析方法；離散分析法和時間-費率轉換法，後者是在目前基礎調查、統計數據資料不夠齊全的現實下提出的一種確定道路系統內務車型時間價值的較為實用的新方法；對我國公路收費政策的背景和理論、實踐依據及費率的各種影響因素進行重點分析；從數學的角度證明合理費率的存在性，並以最優化理論為基礎，建立在普通收費公路和擁擠路段交通調控型收費公路兩種模式下合理費率的計算模型等。
  4. By unproductive labour, on the contrary, will be understood labour which does not terminate in the creation of material wealth ; which, however largely or successfully practised, does not render the community, and the world at large, richer in material products, but poorer by all that is consumed by the labourers while so employed

    第四節與生產性勞動相反，非生產性勞動是指不創造物質財富的勞動，無論多麼大規模地或成功地從事這種勞動，它都不會給整個社會和整個世界帶來更豐富的物質產品，反而會使物質產品減少，減少額等於被僱用來從事這種勞動的人消費的物質產品額。
  5. The breach in the capital of the country was made when the government spent a ' s money : whereby a value of ten thousand pounds was withdrawn or withheld from productive employment, placed in the fund for unproductive consumption, and destroyed without equivalent

    政府用掉甲的錢時，國家的資本已被毀掉，已從生產中提取了一萬鎊資金，轉用於非生產性消費，並把它毀滅了而未創造出等價物。
  6. In truth, it is only after an abundant capital had already been accumulated, that the practice of paying in advance any remuneration of labour beyond a bare subsistence, could possibly have arisen : since whatever is so paid, is not really applied to production, but to the unproductive consumption of productive labourers, indicating a fund for production sufficiently ample to admit of habitually diverting a part of it to a mere convenience

    事實上，只有在已經積累起大量資本以後，才有可能預先向勞動者支付超出最低限度口糧的報酬，因為付給勞動者的這種報酬，實際上不是用於生產，而是用於生產性勞動者的非生產性消費，這就需要有足夠充分的生產基金，將其一部分經常用於單純的享樂。
  7. So that again, without having had anything to do with the food of the labourers directly, the conversion by individuals of a portion of their property, no matter of what sort, from an unproductive destination to a productive, has had the effect of causing more food to be appropriated to the consumption of productive labourers

    這再次表明，無需直接對勞動者的食物做任何事情，只要有人將其一部分財產（不論是哪類財產）從非生產性用途轉變為生產性用途，就會使生產性勞動者消費的食物增加。
  8. Xinyu group added some establishments and improved management in new projects by the discover and investigation. using contrast and case analysis, social investigate, statistic research methods, this paper draw some conclusions, those conclusions are that the academy logistics organization monopolized the academy logistics market, that education welfare restricted income of apartment investment, and so on. so academy logistics originations maybe develop some payable services by the characters of undergraduate improve the benefits of apartment project

    本文採用對比研究和案例研究、社會調查與數理統計相結合、邏輯推導與實證研究相配合的研究方法，從調查和案例研究得出：高校後勤社會化機構具有一定能的壟斷性，並沒有受到真正的競爭；公寓投資收益與教育福利是相互約束的，進而對投資主體的投資回報產生直接影響；大學生接受公寓住宿是消費非理性的，或者消費非自主的。
  9. Resource gift theory which is as the theory basis to guide the people to search the economy growth will lead to the poorer of the poor country and the richer of the rich country. likewise, the theory cited to the problem of regional industrial economy growth will be bound to further enlarge the regions ’ disparity. after the appearance of the market integration theory, the flow of labor and other resource factor play a weaken role for the regional industrial economy disparity caused by the reason of resource gift

    並針對如上三個假說，選擇非參數生產率指數和paneldata回歸兩種計量經濟分析方法，通過使用1995 ? ? 2003年我國各地區的工業數據，以資本、勞動、效率因子、技術因子、省內及省際市場的消費需求和工業出口水平為解釋變量，以工業增加值為被解釋變量，建立了一個半對數線性paneldata模型，對市場一體化進程對地區工業經濟發展的影響進行了實證的分析。
  10. Anticipating results and innovation of the article : fulfilling the noncircular wetted areas is creative feature of this article. it has lots of merits : adapting to all shapes of plowland, gardening park and orchard, saving water and energy, having no blind angle, improving uniformity of spray irrigation, reducing the initial investment of the spray irrigation engi neering

    預期的結果和創新之處：噴出非圓形的噴灑域是該課題的創新之處，它有很好的觀賞價值，能適用各種形狀農田、園林和果園的噴灌需要，既不浪費水資源，又不會產生噴灌死角、提高了噴灌均勻度，減少噴灌工程的一次性建設投資。
  11. They regard that during the course of economic growth, money be able to affect the degree of economic growth once the income of money eventually influences consume and saving., in the economical theory field of our country, there are have different ideas. from the appearance, the diverge come from the outcome that who is the reason and who is the result

    為了彌補經濟增長理論的這一缺陷，西方經濟學界出現了貨幣經濟增長理論，該理論認為，在經濟增長過程中，貨幣是非中性的，貨幣的引入會改變均衡增長路徑；一旦貨幣收入對人們的消費和儲蓄產生持久性的影響，貨幣供給這一短期經濟變量就會對長期經濟增長產生實質性的作用。
  12. The following are the results from the unreasonable utilization for the city area : food producing become more difficult because of the excessive declining of farmland ; management of the land resources turn to be unmarketable and the land is fallowed and wasted ; the ecological crisis could be aroused and the exist and development of the city be threaten because of the destroying of the ecological balance ; the improvement of social economy and quality of people ' s life is seriously banned by the unnatural shortage of the land supply, or the abnormal increase of the land price ; the outline of a city could n ' t be impressive, or the aesthetic value could n ' t be carry out on account for the monotony in the city ' s construction, etc. too much lessons show that we must pay more attention on the research of the utilization of the city ' s land in order to make scientific, forecasting and reasonable principles, laws and policies to regulate activities for people planning and exploiting city land

    對城市土地不合理利用的後果是：或造成耕地大量被侵佔，給糧食生產帶來危機；或造成土地資源的大量閑置和浪費，引起土地資源配置的非市場化；或造成生態環境失衡，引發嚴重的城市生態危機，危及城市未來的生存與發展；或導致城市土地供應的人為短缺及房地產價格的畸形高漲，嚴重阻礙經濟增長和人民生活質量的改善；或城市土地結構趨同，缺乏鮮明的個性和特點；或城市土地上的工程都千篇一律，難以樹立城市形象，難以體現美學價值等等。理論和歷史教訓警示我們，土地資源是人類社會可持續發展的基礎，必須切實加強對城市土地利用的研究，制定出具有前瞻性、科學性和實踐性的與城市土地利用相關的法律、法規和政策，以規范人們的用地行為，指導城市規劃、土地開發等實踐活動。
  13. Based on the retrospect and review of existent literature, spatial monopolization and rival strategy are accepted but the angle discussing the effect that product differentiation works on cooperation will be changed from producer. by re - constructing function of consumer utility and introducing in consumer preference, the degree of product differentiation may be denoted by the degree of consumer preference. the influence that product differentiation works on critical discount factor d can be obtained by introducing in one - shot price game and repeated game, from which we can learn the influence that product differentiation works on cooperation

    圍繞bertrand悖論的所展開的爭論，為進一步展開對這一問題的分析提供了豐富的工具和背景知識，在對已有的理論文獻加以回顧引述的基礎上，保留原有的空間壟斷概念和競爭策略的同時，改變單純從生產者角度來論述產品差異度對企業合作的影響，重新構造消費者效用函數，引入消費者偏好，以消費者的偏好的大小來表示產品之間的差異度，通過單時期和無限期博弈模型來論證產品差異度（消費者偏好程度之比）對臨界折現因子的影響，進而論證其對企業間進行合作所產生影響；效用函數的引入使得價格和運輸成本不再是決定消費者購買的唯一因素，消費者對產品的選擇不完全取決于消費者的位置，這會導致企業間定價和市場份額的非對稱性變化。
  14. One of the important reasons is that market had changed from seller market to buyer market, which is guided by demands. different kinds of demands and the improvement of law ideology made the public get across that they should share high - level service. this made the public organizations who supplied public products change their management concept at once and conduct advanced management methods to meet public " s needs

    事實上，不僅盈利性的企業面臨著生存的威脅，非盈利部門（各種公用事業部門）也同樣感覺到了這股無形的壓力，一個重要的原因就在於市場已由原來的賣方市場轉變為以顧客需求為導向的買方市場，廣大民眾多樣化的需求以及法律意識的提高，使得其深深明白作為一個消費者或納稅人應該享受高水平的服務，這就使以提供服務為主要產品的公共部門也必須改進其管理理念、引進先進的管理方法來滿足公眾的這種需求。
  15. There is less potential to be utilized in the traditional value chain, such as cutting dispense, flatting the organization, redesigning processes, improving the information system and automation of office work. it is more difficult to find effective productivity inside the organization and build up competition advantages, so businesses have been searching outward to expand for value. instead of focusing on one - off transaction, companies incline to set up strategic collaborative relationship with suppliers in the long run

    隨著經營環境的變化，企業越來越置身於競爭激烈的市場環境中，企業的利潤基礎逐漸被競爭壓力所侵蝕，傳統的價值鏈中可挖掘的潛力（比如削減費用、減少管理層級、重新設計流程、改善信息系統及辦公自動化等）越來越少，向組織內部尋找有效的生產力，增強競爭優勢越來越困難了，企業開始向外部拓展價值空間，更加趨向于與供應商建立持久的戰略合作關系而非僅僅只關注一次性的交易。
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