非競爭機制 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fēijìngzhēngjīzhì]
非競爭機制 英文
non-competitive mechanism
  • 非 : Ⅰ名詞1 （錯誤） mistake; wrong; errors 2 （指非洲） short for africa 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞1 ...
  • 競 : 動詞（競爭; 競賽） compete; contest; vie Ⅱ形容詞[書面語] （強勁） strong; powerful
  • 爭 : Ⅰ動詞1 （力求得到或達到; 爭奪） contend; vie; compete; struggle for; strive 2 （爭執; 爭論） argu...
  • 機 : machineengine
  • 制 : Ⅰ動詞1 （製造） make; manufacture 2 （擬訂; 規定） draw up; establish 3 （用強力約束; 限定; 管束...
  • 競爭 : compete; vie; contend
  • 機制 : 1 （機器製造或加工的） machine processed; machine made 2 （機器的構造和工作原理; 有機體的構造、功...
  1. At present, the competition of oil industry is very fury, so reducing the cost of exploitation of oil is imperative under the situation. but the oil drillers of our country are relatively old, and the control mode drops behind, which result in the long period of making hole and high ratio of aiguille attaint, which is the main restrict factor of reducing the cost of oil exploitation

    隨著石油行業競爭的日趨激烈，降低石油的開采成本就勢在必行，於是研製新型的石油鉆機就顯得尤為重要，因為國內目前使用的鉆機比較陳舊，控制方式非常落後，導致鉆井周期長、鉆頭損壞率高，這是降低石油開采成本的重要制約因素；而且落後的控制方式使得鉆井過程容易發生溜鉆、卡鉆等事故。
  2. With the electric industry reformation, the reorganization and non - regulated competition are going into the electric power field. this fact will both bring new vigor and entelechy, and will in some degree bring unavoidable risk to generation companies

    在電力工業改革中，在電力領域進行電力結構重組和引入非管制競爭機制，既會給電力企業帶來新的活力和生機，也會在一定程度上給電力企業帶來不可避免的風險。
  3. After entry of wto, there are still many maladjustments in guangxi ' s seed industry, such as the weak foundation of sees industry development ; the unformed market of the seed industry for fair competition ; small - scale seed enterprises ; no systematic connection among the cultivation, breeding and marketing ; lower qualification of staff who work in the seed industry and with weak sense of laws, and lack of the knowledge in operating experiences in the international market and trade etc. yet the un - efficiency system, unclear property right in enterprises, the lack of an effective mechanism to promote the rational use of resources in the seed industry and the lack of such concept as " the government creates environment and enterprises create fortune " are the deep - seated causes of the problems in guangxi ' s seed industry. therefore, the key points for promoting development of guangxi ' s seed industry under the wto framework are to focus on the promotion of the developing capability of seeds " integrated products, constantly deepen reforms, to adjust various relevant factors in the system of the seed industry which is inconsistent with each other, and to establish a new - pattern system with evident characteristics of the time spirit in order to meet the requirements of the market economy. hereinto, the specific strategies and measures for promotion of guangxi ' s seed industry development under the wto framework include kee ping up reform and innovation of the system of the seed industry, executing of non - nationalization reform in state - owned seed enterprises, formulating and executing relevant supporting policies, the improving the legal system in the seed industry, increasing public financial support on the seed industry, promoting the integration of cultivation, breeding and marketing, strengthening human resource development, developing the main body of the seed industry ' s market and making proper conditions for the functions of seed associations in the seed industry development etc

    研究結果認為：發展種子產業應該把著眼點放在促進種子整體產品的開發上；種子產業的發展依賴于能充分發揮整體功能的新型種業體系的構建，而目前廣西種業體系中的品種選育、種子生產加工、種子經營以及政府管理、公共支持和社會服務六個主要組成部分都存在明顯的缺陷與不足；廣西種子企業綜合競爭力總體處于較弱水平；面對wto ，廣西種子產業仍有諸多的不適應，突出表現在產業發展基礎薄弱、尚未形成可以公平競爭的種業市場、種子企業規模小、育繁銷脫節、種業人才素質不高、種子企業法律意識淡薄、國際市場運作經驗和國際貿易知識不足等多個方面，而體制不順、企業產權不明晰、缺乏促進種業資源合理流動的有效機制以及「政府創造環境，企業創造財富」的正確理念正是導致目前廣西種子產業不能適應入世需要的深層次原因；因此，以提升種子整體產品開發能力為核心，不斷深化改革，調整種業體系中不相協調的各有關因素，構建起符合市場經濟體制要求的具有鮮明時代特徵的新型種業體系，是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展必須堅持的指導思想；其中，加快種業體制改革和創新、實施對國有種子企業的非國有化改造、制訂落實有關扶持政策、完善種子法律法規體系、加大公共財政對種子產業的支持力度、推進育繁銷一體化的形成、加強人才培養與引進、壯大種業市場主體、實行重點突破戰略、發揮種子行業協會作用等等，都是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展應該採取的具體對策措施。
  4. In many developed countries, a series of changes have been undergone in some traditional natural monopoly industries, including deregulation, denationalization and introduction of the competition mechanism

    在許多發達市場經濟國家，傳統的自然壟斷行業發生了一系列的變化，主要包括:放鬆管制、非國有化及引入競爭機制。
  5. On one side, tncs " m & a practices constitute a external force pushing china ' s further soes " reform, such as diversification of corporate ownership, enhancement of corporate governance structure, effective incentives mechanisms for corporate managers, upgrade of domestic enterprise ' s international competitiveness, introduce of competition mechanisms in monopoly industries, and so on. on the other side, tncs " m & a practices may bring some potential risks, such as soes " losing dominant position in strategic industries, costs of m & a failures, less employment opportunities, risks of embezzlement of stated owned assets, and tncs " abuse of market power

    五、跨國公司對中國企業的並購猶如一把雙刃劍，一方面它將有利於國有產權的多元化、公司治理結構的完善、控制權市場的形成、經營者的有效激勵約束、企業國際競爭力的提升、以及壟斷行業競爭機制的引入；另一方面，它也會產生各種風險，如國有經濟戰略性地位喪失的風險、整合失敗的風險、就業減少的風險、國內資產流失的風險、以及跨國公司非競爭性行為發生的風險等。
  6. With the trend of openness and integration of globlal economy, exchange rate is playing more and more important role in influencing the allocation of global resources. the sensitivity of the price of tradale goods to exchange rate fluctuation becomes the focus of international economics because it is a critical vector and transmitter when an economy is confronted of exogenous impact. traditional international economics theory assume that nominal exchange rate fluctuation has complete pass - through effect, namely it ’ s change will introduce proportional change of tradable goods, then it will influence such macroeconomic vector as term of trade, import and export, inflation, employment, productivity, income allocation, and so on. from a microeconomic angle, including pricing to market, innovative behavior, menu cost and sunk cost, the paper probe into the pricing model of international enterprices under floating exchange rate and testify the incomplete pass - through of exchange rate and it ’ s detailed reason, then discuss the inspiration it has on china. it ’ s believable this kind of research will play a big part in china ’ s exchange rate scheme and some macroeconomic problems such as exchange rate tranmitting channel and effects, exchange rate fluctuating behavior

    傳統的國際經濟學理論認為，名義匯率的波動具有完全的傳遞性（ completepass - through ） ，即它的變化會引起同比例的進出口貿易品相對價格以及貿易品和非貿易品相對價格的變化，然後通過需求變動的支出轉移效應（ expenditureswitching ）來影響國內經濟的諸多宏觀變量，如貿易條件、進出口貿易額、通脹水平、就業量、勞動生產率以及收入分配等，本文從依市定價（ pricingtomarket ） 、創新行為、菜單成本以及沉澱成本等四個不同的微觀角度，通過對浮動匯率下國際壟斷競爭性生產廠商的定價模型具體而透徹的探討，論證了匯率的不完全傳遞性並深入分析了決定匯率傳遞彈性的重要影響因素，闡述了該理論對人民幣匯率的啟示，這樣的研究會對我國今後的匯率政策以及匯率的傳導機制、傳導效應、波動行為等宏觀經濟問題起到重要的作用。
  7. Farmers cannot get the good seed which has high yield, high quality, high resistance. as socialist market economy is tending toward perfection, especially 《 plant new variety protection 》, 《 seed law 》 those polities are coming on, and foreign large seed companies are joining in after china enter wto in fear of the coming of our country ’ s agriculture protection period. therefore, the general adoption of the market principle of china ’ s seed industry speed up, and the challenge between seed companies become hot

    傳統種子業是由自給自足的非商品化產業過渡到計劃經濟體制下政府壟斷性的行業，此時期，新品種及配套的新技術得不到很好的應用，行業市場集中程度很低，農民（用戶）很大程度上得不到高產、優質、高抗的良種，隨著社會主義市場經濟的不斷完善成熟，特別是《植物新品種保護條例》 、 《種子法》等政策、法規的相繼出臺實施，更為重要的是中國加入wto后對我國農業保護期限的即將到來，國外種業巨頭伺機紛紛進入，加速了中國種子產業的市場化進程，種業企業的競爭日益加劇，同時為中國種子產業的規模化、產業化經營帶來了更多的機遇。
  8. Company capital structure choice as the company ’ s a policy - making behavior, not only receives the influence of internal government mechanism, moreover also receives the influence of external environment. in some of external environment factors, the market competition condition is an extremely important factor, so study company ’ s financing policy must include product market competition situation

    企業的融資結構選擇作為企業的一項決策行為，不僅受到內部治理機制的影響，而且還受到企業外部環境的影響，在眾多的外部環境中，市場競爭狀況是非常重要的一項因素，研究企業融資結構需要將產品市場競爭納入研究范圍。
  9. Apparently, this comparison is conducted in order to increase the competitive advantages of all banks in china not at the expense of other non - state - owned commercial banks. thus an evaluation and prediction of the characteristics of the market structure of china ' s banking system must be made in the process of comparison. second, a comparison of the competitive advantages between state - owned commercial banks and foreign banks in terms of all concrete indicators and mechanisms is made, through which the weakness of state - owned commercial banks in international competition could be detected and eliminated, meanwhile the future competitive and development strategy could be determined

    實際上，國有商業銀行作為中國銀行業的中流砥柱，其競爭力問題的探討至少包括兩方面內容：一是國有商業銀行的競爭力在國內表現為與其他各商業銀行的競爭，當然，這種比較是建立在中國銀行業綜合競爭實力總體得到提高而非犧牲其他商業銀行的利益的基礎之上，因此在這一比較過程中必須對我國銀行體系的市場結構特徵做出判斷和預測；二是與國外銀行在競爭力各項硬性指標以及制度機制等方面的比較，通過比較發現並彌補國有商業銀行國際競爭中的劣勢和不足，確立其未來的競爭與發展戰略。
  10. Ec council regulation 1 / 2003 replaced the regulation 17 / 1962, abolished the notification system, realized the decentralization of enforcement of ec competition law, and enhanced the enforcement power of commission, which established " decentralized " enforcement system

    摘要歐盟理事會第1 / 2003號條例取代了1962年第17號條例，廢除了原有的事前申報制度，實現了歐共體競爭法實施的非集權化，加強了歐盟委員會的調查權，由此確立了「非集權」的競爭法實施機制。
  11. And it emphasizes links between institutions and competition and seeks balance of institution and competition. based on hypothesis of institution - correction equilibrium, this thesis analyzes unequilibrium of stock market in china as following : first, by discussing adverse selection and moral hazard in stock market, this thesis emphasizes the importance of institutional design in turning of non - competitive equilibrium of stock market into institution - correction equilibrium ( the third chapter )

    以制度矯正均衡假說為基礎，論文從如下一些方面研究了中國股票市場的非均衡問題：第一，通過對股票市場制度結構的典型問題? 「逆向選擇」和「道德危險」問題及其緩解機制的討論，強調了制度設計在實現股票市場從非競爭均衡到制度矯正均衡中的重要性（第三章） 。
  12. The difference is that domestic mbo is the result of institutional transition, but the overseas mbo is the competitive choice, and in china the price difference in share transactions makes managers have the goal to acquire the profits. this article analyzes the game relationship of mbo in china, and proves that the root caucus of china mbo non - prohibiting for the different behalves between local government and national assets management department, and between the representatives of state stockholders and managers. this paper makes an empirical analysis of the mbo performance of 26 listed companies in china and proves that mbo are beneficial to improve company ’ s performance, and further we analyze the problems, which exist in china mbo, and gives some suggestions, we think that the rational action to mbo is to give proper guides, instead of prohibiting it simply

    本文應用委託代理理論、人力資本理論和產權理論等對中西mbo動因進行系統的比較分析，得出結論認為中外mbo具有相同的激勵動因，都是知識經濟時代智能資本獲取企業所有權的企業權力安排形式，不同的是國內mbo是制度轉型的結果，而國外mbo是競爭選擇的結果，同時由於我國mbo存在股權交易價差，管理層具有獲取價差的直接動機;本文運用博弈論的方法對我國mbo 「禁而不止」問題進行分析，分析結論認為國資監管部門與地方政府和國有股東代表與管理層之間的利益差異是導致當前我國mbo 「禁而不止」的根本原因;文章通過對我國26家上市公司mbo並購績效的實證分析，得出結論認為mbo有利於公司績效的改善，進而文章對當前我國mbo存在問題展開分析，並提出幾點建議，我們認為當前對我國mbo的理性做法是適當引導，而非簡單禁止。
  13. As a growing global entity, the group continues to keep a tight rein on costs and implement essential measures to ensure we remain competitive in the international market

    作為一家不斷成長的國際企業，集團非常注重成本控制，並積極實施各種具實效的評估機制，以保持在國際市場的競爭力。
  14. Water snpply enterprise is at once faced with the competition of water supply market when national water supply estate policy is adjusting, it will even face the competition with lange - scale international water supply bloc, it will be a very severe challenge to the water supply enterprise who always stations under the planned economy management system. enterprise must renew the ideological views and the train of thoughts of operation and must think and appraise overall again about the organized system manpowerresource market price profit etc of the enterprise ; it must also know the chance and dangers which is brought from the changes of operation outside environment and must understand the superiority and inferiority of enterprise itself, then makes correct strategy sets out superiority. adjusts inferiority fixes favourable opportunity and defeats difficulty and challenge, so the enterprise and win the victory in competition and get larger and stronger

    國家供水產業政策調整后，供水企業立即面臨供水市場的競爭，甚至直接與國際大型水務集團競爭，這對于長期置身於計劃管理體制之下的供水企業是一個非常嚴峻的挑戰，企業必須更新思想觀念和經營思路，對企業的組織機構、人力資源、市場、價格、利潤等各方面進行一次全面的重新思考和評價，認清企業外部經營環境變化帶來的機遇和威脅，了解企業自身的優勢和劣勢，制定正確的戰略，發揮優勢，調整劣勢，把握機遇，戰勝困難和挑戰，使企業在競爭中勝出，並實現做大做強。
  15. For so, it contributed to the following : 1. first of all, analyzing and considering the " limited rational " and incomplete competing market, etc, is the premise and condition of the study of enterprise institution innovation system

    認為「有限理性」和非完全競爭市場、機會主義和交易費用、資源稀缺和經濟活動的主客觀相結合、企業追求剩餘和企業的現實異質性是研究企業制度創新體系的前提和條件。
  16. The first chapter elaborates on nine areas concerning oil and petrochemical businesses specified in wto entry agreement, such as reduction of tariffs, elimination of non - tariff barriers like quota license, governmental and non - governmental trade of crude and oil products, tariff quota on fertilizer imports, liberalization of distribution service, oil field service, transportation and warehouse service and specialized service for engineering. based on those areas, it makes detailed analysis of the influence from china ' s wto entry on the country ' s petroleum industry, including the in - depth discussion of oil refining business, distribution of oil products as well as the oil engineering and technical services, which are substantially under the influence of the country ' s access into wto. the first chapter also describes the challenges in such areas as china ' s oil industrial system and mechanism, management level, competitiveness, exploration and development technology and human resources

    第一章首先從關稅減讓、取消配額許可證非關稅壁壘、原油、成品油的國營貿易和非國營貿易、化肥的進口關稅配額和國營貿易、分銷服務的開放、油田服務、儲運和倉儲服務、與工程有關的專業服務等九個方面介紹了入世議定書中涉及石油石化的主要內容；然後就由此對我國石油行業所產生的影響進行了詳細的分析，對其中受到重點沖擊的煉油化工業務、油品分銷業務、石油工程技術服務等領域進行了深入探討；提出了入世對我國石油行業在體制和機制、管理水平、競爭能力、勘探開發技術、人力資源等六個方面的挑戰。
  17. Along with the human society transforms from the industry economy society into the knowledge economy society, the resources mne ’ s sustainable competitive advantage based changed unceasingly, that is, from material resources to the material resources and non - material resources ( mainly the human resources and the technique resources ), and to the main factor resources and the organization resources ( mainly is the organization capacity and organization knowledge based on labor ) organic combined, the evolution of the resources is finally determine the change of the internal enterprise governance institution of service multinational enterprise

    隨著人類社會由工業經濟社會轉變為知識經濟社會，服務業跨國公司可持續的競爭優勢的資源會不斷地發生改變，即由物質資源發展到物質資源與非物質資源（主要是人力資本資源與技術資源）的有機結合再到要素資源與組織資源（主要是以勞動為基礎的組織能力與組織知識等）的有機結合，資源的演進最終決定了服務業跨國公司企業制度的變遷。
  18. As part of the intense mar ? ket competition to attract elite law school graduates, many of whom care deeply about pro bono opportunities, big firms have designed pro bono programs to complement broader recruitment and retention plans

    很多法學院畢業生非常注重公益性服務的機會，作為吸引優秀法學院畢業生的激烈市場競爭的一部分，大型律所制定了公益性服務計劃，作為對其更廣義上的招聘和錄用計劃的補充。
  19. The paper reviews the origin of the city, its spatial structure evolution and economic origin, explores the motive of new area development and the related benefit mechanism, and summarizes the new area development mode, location, function and form, as well as the evaluation of development benefit ; furthermore, the paper points out the economic decision and intervention mechanism of new area development, and finally raises the key point, concluding that the new area development will be a certain choice to maximize the comprehensive benefit of urban development in china, a forceful measure to expand the fundamental urban economic categories, complete the non - economic categories, adjust urban function and manifest the city ' s competitiveness, as well as an indispensable way for urban economy growth and the establishment of urban civilization in china

    本文考察了城市的起源、空間結構的演變及其經濟學成因，探討了城市新區發展的動因及其效益機制，總結了城市新區發展的模式、區位、功能與形態，並對其發展效益進行評估，指出了城市新區開發的經濟決策與干預機制，最後提出了本文的中心論點，指明新區發展是當今中國城市發展綜合效益最大化的必然選擇，是擴張城市基礎經濟部類、完善非基礎經濟部類、調整城市功能、彰顯城市競爭力的有力舉措，是中國當代城市經濟增長和現代城市文明建立的必由之路。
  20. Medium industry ( especially accounting and audit service industry ) is the important symbol of a country ’ s economic development level, and the important basis and supporting terms of promoting business ’ even area ’ s and country ’ s core competencies 。 with the entry into wto, chinese cpa firms ’ outer and inner environments have changed greatly, international competition has changed into chinese competition and chinese competition has internationalized 。 under such complex environments, whether the chinese cpa firms will occupy a place of their own and will not be eliminated through various market competition is decided by core competition 。 on the basis of introducing of research background and the meaning of this title ’ s choice, the paper first probes into the profound learning of core competition theory, retrospects and evaluates the primary views of core competition theory of overseas and chinese scholars, then analyzes and evaluates the cultivating theory of core competition and analyzes the sources and theory basis of core competition from economics and management course 。 on the basis of the above analysis, the paper analyzes the inner restraint factors of chinese cpa firm ’ s gaining competition advantages, in the meanwhile, the paper discusses the outer opportunity and challenge of chinese cpa firms 。 in the end, the paper puts forward large scale business strategy according to “ scale economics ” theory ’ s explanation to core competition and non ? audit service strategy according to “ economics of scope ” theory ’ s explanation to core competition 。

    本文在介紹了研究背景和選題意義的基礎上首先從探尋核心競爭力的理論淵源出發，回顧並評價了國內外學者關于核心競爭力的主要理論觀點，接著分析並評價了核心競爭力的培育理論，並從經濟學和管理學兩個學科層面分析了核心競爭力培育的源泉和理論基礎。在此基礎上分析了影響我國會計師事務所核心競爭優勢獲取的內部制約因素，並探討了我國會計師事務所面臨的外部機遇和挑戰。最後，以經濟學中「規模經濟」理論對企業核心競爭力的解釋為理論基礎提出我國會計師事務所核心競爭力培育的規模經營戰略，以「范圍經濟」理論對企業核心競爭力的解釋為理論基礎提出我國會計師事務所核心競爭力培育的非審計服務戰略。
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