風險代價 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fēngxiǎndàijià]
風險代價 英文
value of risk
  • 風 : Ⅰ名詞1 （空氣流動） wind 2 （風氣; 風俗） practice; atmosphere; custom 3 （景象） scene; view 4 ...
  • 險 : Ⅰ名詞1 （險惡不容易通過的地方） a place difficult of access; narrow pass; defile 2 （危險） dange...
  • 代 : Ⅰ動詞1 （代替） take the place of; be in place of 2 （代理） act on behalf of; acting Ⅱ名詞1 （歷...
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 風險 : risk; hazard; danger
  1. The thesis, somehow, is a summary, which expounds the main contents of traditional portfolio theory ( tpt ) and mpt, also gives a comparison between tpt and mpt ; analyses two aspects of markowitz theory, one is the effects of risk disperses and the demonstration, the other is how to make an optimal portfolio strategy ; researches into capital assets pricing model ( capm ), factor model ( fm ) and arbitrage pricing theory ( apt ) respectively in three parts ; studies another two parts, one is the premise of mpt, which is the efficient market hypothesis ( emh ), the other analyses the behavior finance theory ( bft ) produced in the background of challenging and querying to emt and capm. the thesis finally discusses the researching and applying prospects of mpt in china

    論文對現代資產組合理論與傳統資產組合理論分別進行了分析，並對兩者進行了比較研究，對馬克維茨的均值? ?方差理論從資產組合風險分散效應和最優資產組合選擇兩方面進行了重點分析，對資本資產定價模型、因素模型、套利定價理論進行了一定深度的分析和研究，對現代資產組合理論的前提假設? ?有效市場理論及在對有效市場理論和資本資產定價模型形成挑戰和質疑背景下提出的行為金融理論進行了論述，論文最後分析了現代資產組合理論在我國的研究及其應用的廣闊前景。
  2. During vertical migration, the copepod is assumed to instantaneously check the variations of the environmental parameters and can thereby make the optimal behavioral strategy to maximize the value of venturous revenue, i. e., taking up as much food as possible at as less cost of mortality as possible

    在垂直遷移的過程中，我們假設橈足類個體能夠即時識別環境參數的變化從而採取最優的行為策略以獲取風險收益的最大值，即以盡可能小的死亡代價獲取盡可能多的食物。
  3. It takes agency theory as its premise, human resource property right as its core, and modern distribution theory and risk theory as its foundation. its basic idea is to give high - level managers headed by chief executive officer the right to purchase common stocks of the company at a certain price and time in the future. through this equity system, it ' s expected to inspirit organizations " management in the long run, avoid operators " short - term behavior, and thus reduce agency cost, improve organizations " management structure, and promote the stability of management, so that both constituents ( stake holders ) and vicegerents " ( operators ) targets of gaining profit will be realized finally

    其本質是對經營者的一種薪酬安排；它以代理理論為前提，以人力資本產權理論為核心，以現代分配理論和風險理論為基礎；其基本內容是給予公司內以首席執行官為首的高級管理人員在未來某特定的時間按某一固定價格購買本公司普通股的權力；通過這種機制希望對公司管理層起到長期激勵的作用，避免經營者的短期行為，從而減少代理成本，改善企業的治理結構，促進穩健經營，最終實現委託者（股東）和受託者（經營者）雙贏的目的；它是把期權理論應用於現代激勵機制的一種制度創新，比較符合市場經濟條件下企業經營者的價值取向和企業發展的戰略要求。
  4. Such risk - based credit allocation is, i think, the best way to avoid indiscriminate, across - the - board cuts in bank lending, which can be destabilising and may possibly lead to innocent casualties at considerable economic costs

    我認為按風險釐定息率的貸款原則，是避免一刀切式減少銀行貸款的最佳辦法。一刀切的做法可能造成不穩定，亦可能在付出沉重的經濟代價之餘還傷及無辜。
  5. In the sixties of the 20th century, while it analyzed the relationship between the security risk and the return, the capital asset pricing model ( capm ), on the basis of security investment portfolio theory, put forward the pricing method of the security. the theory has succeeded in enduring the econometrical tests for more than ten years

    20世紀60年代，資本資產定價模型（ capm ）以markowitz的證券投資組合理論為基礎，在分析證券風險、收益關系的同時，提出了證券的定價方法，這一理論成功地經受了十多年的經濟計量檢驗。
  6. Faced with the huge costs of launching new aircraft, airbus needs two things : more commercial partners to share the risk ; and the chance to outsource production to low - cost countries

    面對推出新飛機要花費的巨大代價，空客需要2個條件：能分擔風險的更商業化合作；到廉價產品國家采購產品的機會。
  7. This paper takes the venture capital company as subject in risk management, and the risk factors in venture capital investment cycle as object, spreads out from three sides which include outside guarantee of risk management in venture capital that is to keep away macro condition risk, inside base that is congnition of risk managementsubject, and central content that involve micro management mechanism of different risk object. through a plenty of emperical investigation including evaluation of macro condition risk, identification of subject of risk management, information obstacle in decision process, agency risk performance of entrepreneur, risk attitude of venture capitalist and entrepreneur, control actuality at post - investment stage, supply and demand of value - added service, and exit practice etc., the paper firstly analyzes the risk management mechanism of venture capital wholely in system

    本文以創業投資公司為風險管理主體，以創業投資周期中的風險因素為管理客體，從外在保證? ?宏觀環境風險防範、內部基礎? ?風險管理主體的認知、核心內容? ?不同風險客體的微觀管理機制三個層面展開，首次通過大量的實證研究，包括宏觀環境風險的評價、風險管理主體的認知、決策過程中的信息障礙、創業企業家代理風險的行為表現、創業投資家和創業企業家的風險態度、投資后階段的監控現狀、增值服務的供需、退出實踐等內容，在理論分析和實證調查的基礎上系統而全面地研究創業投資的風險管理機制。
  8. A major issue is whether the metabolic syndrome is a valid indicator of cardiovascular risk. i would have to agree with the ada and the easd on this point

    一個主要的爭議是代謝綜合征是否是心血管疾病風險的一個有價值的預測指標。在這一點上我不得不同意美國糖尿病協會和歐洲糖尿病研究協會的觀點。
  9. At the beginning, researchers lay particular stress on the study of business strategy, but now, along with the enlargement of the size, increase of administrative levels, and the acute changes of the external environment, the enterprises more and more concern the formulation of the development strategy, because if without scenarios, the enterprises only rely business success on intuition strategy, the cost caused by missteps will be greater and greater, and even can bring terrible economic breakdown. in order to avoid these crisis and to build their permanent core competencies in a queasy environment, the enterprises are urged to think much of the study of the development strategy

    以往，戰略管理研究多偏重於經營戰略研究，而近年來，由於企業規模日益擴大，公司管理層次增加，外部環境的急劇變化，企業越來越多地關心企業發展戰略的制訂了，因為如果沒有發展戰略，企業僅依靠直覺戰略獲得成功的話，由於過失帶來的風險、錯誤帶來的代價會越來越大，甚至造成經濟崩潰，促使企業領導更加重視發展戰略研究，以使他們的企業在愈加變幻多端的經營環境中保持競爭力。
  10. The content of this paper is arranged as foll owing : chapter 1 introduces the concept of credit, credit risk and credit assessment, as well as the history and development of credit assessment ; chapter 2 introduces the history of ai technology, and the background of expert system and neural network. characters and disadvantages of expert system and neural network are presented respectively and the necessity of combining expert system and neural network is lightened ; chapter 3 shows the process of dealing with sample data, including the treatment of exceptional data and factor analysis, and puts forward the concrete framework of the mixed - expert credit assessment system ; chapter 4 introduces concept of object - oriented technology, and constructs object model and functional model after analyzing the whole system. it also illustrates the implementation of concrete classes by an example of rule class and the inference algorithm in the form of pseudocode ; chapter 5 introduces the structure of the whole system, the major functional models and their interfaces, and the characteristic of the system is also generalized ; chapter 6 summarizes the whole work, and points out the remaining deficiencies as well as the prospective of this method

    本文具體內容安排如下：第一章介紹了信用、信用風險、信用評價的概念，回顧了信用評價的歷史、發展和現狀，並綜合各種信用評價模型，指出這些模型各自的優缺點：第二章簡單描述了人工智慧技術，著重介紹有關專家系統與神經網路的基礎知識，通過總結它們的優缺點，指出結合專家系統與神經網路構造混合型專家系統的必要性；本章還介紹了神經網路子模塊的概念，提出了混合型專家系統的一般框架與設計步驟：第三章對樣本數據進行處理，包括異常數據的剔除、因子分析等，提出了信用評價混合型專家系統的具體框架結構，介紹了系統知識庫的主要部分、基於優先級的正向推理機制的流程、以及基於事實的自動解釋機制的具體實現方法；第四章介紹了面向對象技術，進而採用面向對象對信用評價系統進行分析，建立了對象模型和功能模型，並在此基礎上，採用c + +語言以規則類為例說明系統中具體類的實現，用偽代碼的形式描述了推理的演算法；第五章描述了整個系統的結構，對系統主要功能模塊和界面進行了介紹，並總結系統的特點；第六章總結了全文，指出本文所構造系統存在的不足以及對將來的展望。
  11. The results show that : ( l ) adoption of the intermittent mean price instead of the point price at the end of the option will help to reduce the chances of profit - making manipulated by managers and to curb the manager ' s motive to control the stock price ; ( 2 ) generally speaking, stock price of mean price option is more incentive to the managers than that of the black - scholes ; ( 3 ) when the stock market slumps at the end of the option, mean price option will ensure a moderate insurance for the managers ; ( 4 ) when stock price slumps alone with the overall situation of the stock market in the intermittent option, mean price option. however, will be inefficient as an incentive. chapter four addresses the questions concerning the manager ' s manipulation of the stock price, and the increase of the option risks because of long - term slump of the stock market

    第三部分包括第三至五章，第三章針對時點價格容易被控制和時點價格的波動性太大，增加了經理期權的風險等問題，研究採用期權期內的平均價格替代期權期末的時點價格計算經理股票期權收益，構建了幾何型平均價格期權定價公式，並與black ? scholes期權定價公式進行了定量對比分析，結果表明： （ 1 ）採用期權期內平均價格替代期權期末時點價格有利於降低經理通過操縱股價的牟利機會，遏制經理操縱股價的動機； （ 2 ）一般條件下，平均價格期權股票價格對經理的激勵作用優于標準期權； （ 3 ）當臨近期權期末股價下跌時，平均價格期權能為經理提供適度保險； （ 4 ）當期權期內，股票受大市持續走弱影響而下跌時，平均價格期權失去了激勵作用。
  12. With deepens unceasingly to the credit risk cognition degree in our country banking, credit risk assessment method also is continually improved and enhanced, the corresponding credit management system is also consummated day by day. according to our country economic environment evolution, in this article we will divide our country banking industry credit system transformation into three stages : the planned economy time, planed the commodity economy time and the market economy time

    本文首先從我國銀行業信貸體制改革的三個階段，即計劃經濟時代、有計劃的商品經濟時代和市場經濟時代，按照時間的脈絡研究銀行貸款評價方法的演進過程入手，隨著對信貸風險認識度的不斷加深，信貸管理體制不斷完善，從無風險意識到粗放型的風險度測演算法，再到目前圍繞不同企業的不同特點進行差異化評估，信貸風險評價方法也日趨成熟。
  13. The interior risk control mechanism in commercial bank is the basis of banking supervision and stability of financial system. we should introduce modern instrument measuring financial risks : var ; take advantage of accurate and overall index measuring achievement : raroc ; form multilayer risk control mechanism with the nature of incentive compatibility constraint ; and boost each branch, each level of institution and each staff to concern bank ' s revenue and risk simultaneously

    銀行內部風險控制機制是銀行監管和金融體系穩定的基礎，通過引入現代金融風險計量工具： var （在險價值） ，利用準確、全面的績效考核指標： raroc （風險調整資本收益率） ，在銀行內部構建起具有激勵相容約束性質的多層次風險控制機制，調動各類部門、各級機構、各個職員的既關心收益又關心風險的積極性。
  14. As one of important financial derivatives, stock index futures could find true value and be used for hedging, and become an effective tool for preventing risks. stock index futures has a very fast development, and it has become a most important financial tool

    股票指數期貨是20世紀80年代發展起來的新型衍生金融工具，具有價值發現、套期保值、套利、風險管理和豐富投資者投資手段的功能，是一種行之有效的避險工具。
  15. This text make use of the system on the domestic and international risk of understanding which lead to audit practicing to study the present condition ' s foundation with are theories, deduces, and research methods, such as, attestations and analysis etc., factors of right audit risk down audit risk that theories of construction in the problem proceeds analysis research look for the theories fulcrum to lead to the audit theories and possibility towards risk lead to audit risk model that problem proceed analysis research. this paper brings up the fourth main factor project, and also is distinction of audit report risk with audit occupation risk, announcing to public audit risk actuality conversion, pointing study to operate the influence of the risk factor. to the model that risk of perfect audit risk of function, here the foundation study have the maneuverability to lead to the audit procedure and method problems with the period of the right fulfillment which have the leading meaning

    20世紀80年代中期，審計風險成為審計理論界和實務界研究的熱點和難點問題，為彌合審計期望差距，降低審計職業風險，在實踐中產生了一種以風險評價為中心的審計模式，即風險導向審計模式，該模式的出現對審計理論與實務影響都是深遠的，但目前還未形成統一的認識，尚有許多問題需要研究和解決，本文在了解國內外風險導向審計實踐和理論研究現狀的基礎上，利用系統，演繹，實證，分析等研究方法，對審計風險因素下審計理論結構的問題進行分析研究，以尋求風險導向審計的理論支點，以及對風險導向審計風險模型問題進行分析研究，提出四要素方案，也就是區分審計報告風險和審計職業風險，揭示審計風險現實轉化的可能性，重點探討經營風險因素的影響，對完善審計風險模型的作用，在此基礎探討具有可操作性的風險導向審計程序與方法問題，以期對實踐具有指導意義。
  16. The relation between risk and return with the pricing of risk has been becoming the kernel parts of modern financial theory, all of capm, apt and the option pricing theory have contained plentiful basic thoughts on the analysis, pricing and management of risk and have become a stable theoretic foundation of the creation and development of modern market risk management

    風險與回報的關系和風險定價成為現代金融理論的核心內容之一。資產組合管理理論、資產定價理論和期權定價理論都蘊含著豐富的有關風險分析、定價和管理的基本思想，成為現代市場風險管理產生和發展的堅實理論基礎。
  17. As one of the major parts of environmental risk assessment, the ecological risk assessment provides tools or frameworks for ecological analysis and thus serves environmental risk management and decision - making

    生態風險評價是20世紀90年代以後興起的新的研究領域，是環境風險評價的重要分支，也是環境管理和決策的科學基礎。
  18. Some argued that this price rise reflected optimism that the new economy would lead to a golden age of prosperity and surging profits, but others attributed the rise to a reduction in the market risk premium

    某些人辯論說這一價格上漲反映了新經濟將引導走向一個繁榮和高漲地利潤的黃金年代的樂觀主義，但是其他人將上漲歸功於市場風險溢價的降低。
  19. The author of the thesis intends to offer some constructive proposals on the risk representation legislation through some comparative analyses of relevant legislations abroad. the thesis consists of five parts as follows : the first part outlines the risk representation, including the classifications and history of risk representation, as well as the similarities and diffrences of the diverse risk representation systems. the second part is the comparative introduction of diverse risk

    主要是介紹了美國和英國風險代理收費制度的歷史和現狀;第三部分介紹了風險代理收費制度的價值和弊端;第四部分論證了我國實行風險代理的必要性，風險代理收費制度在我國發展的歷史和現狀，以及對我國現行律師風險代理收費制度的立法進行評析。
  20. Risk premium, basis risk premium and systematic risk premium is built based on capital assets price model. the model is used to increase income under the condition which a systematic risk is reduced, not only the model reflects the actual meaning of hedging of stock index futures, but also combines conventional hedging theory and modern combinatorial hedging theory

    風險溢價、基差風險溢價和系統風險溢價三部分構成的股票指數期貨套期保值原理數學模型，該模型的運用考慮在規避掉系統風險的前提下，如何使套期保值利潤最大化，該模型不僅從本質上反映套期保值實際意義，而且還是傳統套期保值理論與現代組合投資套期保值理論的有機結合。
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