高利外債 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [gāolìwàizhài]
高利外債 英文
high-interest foreign loans
  • 高 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （從下向上距離大; 離地面遠） tall; high 2 （在一般標準或平均程度之上; 等級在上的） above...
  • 外 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面） outside; external side 2 （外國） foreign country 3 （以外） besides; beyond; in ...
  • 債 : 名詞（欠別人的錢） debt; loan
  • 高利 : high interest高利貸[借]款 lend money on usury; high interest loans; dear money; usurious loan; 高...
  • 外債 : foreign debt; foreign borrowing; external loan; loan from foreign powers; overseas debt外債償付[...
  1. Part iiilegal issues upon the reform of toll and tax in countryside this part is concentrated to show six problems that the reform of toll and tax in countryside is to be up against and is to be peremptorily settled as following : the first one, in the confirming of agricultural tax, it is very difficult to protect the farmer ' s rights fairly because of unscientific of the evidence at assessment, highly of tax rate, and the absence of law and statute correlatively ; the second one, on the tax levying, there lack of legal systems that is to supervise and run, especially lack of law and statute which lead to collect agricultural special tax canonically ; the third one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside extrudes unbalance burden among farmers and countries, and lead to unevenly between subject of tax payment, which breaches the legal rule of balanceable tax ; the fourth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside faces the danger that farmers " burden tends to rebound because of weakly carry through legal rule on tax statutory and absent of law and statute correlatively ; the fifth one, the reform of toll and tax in countryside affects the finance and revenue - expenditure auditing of the grass roots and father affects the grass roots to raise fee upon public construction and education, as a result, there ' s more charge that is out of law, the monocracy of grass roots " finance ought to be carry out ; the sixth one, legal measures connect with the reform of toll and tax in countryside in dire need of to be built, which mainly conclude legal system that adjust country social security, country compulsory education and country debt

    第三部分? ?農村稅費改革的法律課題集中展示了農村稅費改革所面臨且亟待解決的六大法律問題。即：其一，在確定農業稅上，計稅依據不科學、稅率偏高、相關法律規范缺失，無法平等保護農民的合法權益；其二，在農村稅收的徵收上，缺乏行之有效的法律監督和運行機制，尤其是農業特產稅的徵收缺乏保障據實徵收的法律規范;其三，稅費改革凸顯農民之間、農村之間的負擔不均，使納稅主體的權利義務失衡，有悖稅負均衡的法律原則;其四，由於稅收法定主義沒有得到有效貫徹，規制農民負擔反彈方面的法律法規缺位，致使農村稅費改革潛伏著農民負擔反彈的風險;其五，稅費改革影響基層組織的財政收支，進而影響鄉村公益事業建設及教育經費的籌措，引發稅外亂收費沉渣泛起，基層財政體製法治化勢在必行;其六，與稅費改革相關的配套法律措施巫待構建，主要是農村社會保障法律體系、鄉村義務教育和鄉村債務疏導的法律支撐魚待構建與完善。第四部分一一農村稅費改革與相關法律制度的構建基於上一部分提出的法律問題，力圖構築農村稅費改革的法律框架並提出相應對策。
  2. The local bank debt - to - asset ratio is widespread and higher, which could not reach basel agreement ’ s provision on capitalization rate. entry into wto five years later, the local bank will face the overall competition in rmb realm with the foreign capital bank. “ internal revolt and outer invasion ” urges the banking system risk, the assets profitability ’ s descends will let the bank get close to a bankruptcy

    國內銀行資產負債率普遍偏高，達不到巴賽爾協議的對資本充足率的相關規定，進入wto五年後又將面臨外資銀行在人民幣領域的全面競爭， 「內憂外患」促使銀行業系統風險的增強，資產營利能力的下降讓銀行步入瀕臨破產的邊緣。
  3. Part one : this part introduces the summarization of the abs ( asset - backed securities ), which includes the conception, the basic theory, the features, the categories, the basic running process, and the circumstance of the research and development, etc. part two : the main contents of this part are the necessity and the analysis for the feasibility of the financing of securities depending on the charges of expressways, including the analysis for the feasibility of the financing of securities on the basis of the expressways " charges, the option between the two operation models, and the analysis for the feasibility of the operation of indigenization, etc. part three : this part mainly demonstrates how to design the plan of a company for the financing of securities and indigenization, which consists of the introduction of a company ' s background and the main problems to be confronted, the features of the basic assets and the analysis of the cash currency, the selection of spy, the design of trading structure, the product design of securities, etc. part four : this part discusses the financial evaluation about a company ' s design of the financing of securities and indigenization on the basis of the expressways " charges, the analysis of the risks and the analysis in general

    本文的創新之處在於: （ 1 ）通過對我國《信託法》 、 《公司法》等相關法律、法規的深入研究，提出在國內現行制度框架和市場環境下，以信託方式設立特設目的機構的基本思路，並構架了類附擔保公司債信託型和信託簽發企業銷售型兩種較為滿意的本土化交易結構方案，具有一定的理論創新性; （ 2 ）將資產證券化這一金融創新工具應用到高速公路融資領域，論證了高速公路利用收費證券化融資的必要性和可行性，並提出了一個可供借鑒的操作性方案。本文可能的不足是在證券化產品設計方面由於筆者知識水平的欠缺，深感作得不是很深入，需進一步的完善和細化;另外對各種交易結構模式的設計和分析只是一種理論上的探討，到底是否有效和可行需接受實踐的進一步檢驗。論文分為四個部份:第一部份，資產證券化概述，包括資產證券化的概念、基本理論、特點、基本形式、基本運作流程、國內外研究和發展現狀等。
  4. Rmb deposit and loan interest rate float block expands gradually, and progressively move towards marketization day by day. part iii : on the basis of using the experience and lessons of the change of interest rate in other countries for reference in course of the interest rate marketization, it is believed that there should be a course of raising up slightly in the interest rate in the early stage. but the market fluctuations it causes will not be too much ; according to actual operation result and a medium or long term of the reform, foreign currency interest rate has already drawn close to international interest rate competence progressively ; viewed from a short time, rmb loan interest rate total competence will tend towards dropping, some loan interest rate may rise ; the interest rate of the deposit will raise up unilaterally

    總體而言，發展中國家的存貸利差要高於發達國家；第二部分：在總結前幾年利率改革包括市場化改革的基礎上，認為，迄今為止，我國利率市場化改革的程度總體上還比較低：同業拆借利率、貨幣市場債券回購利率、現券交易利率、外幣貸款利率、大額外幣存款利率等已完全市場化或基本市場化，人民幣存貸款利率的浮動區間已逐漸擴大，並已漸進的方式日益走向市場化；第三部分：在借鑒境外利率市場化過程中利率變動的經驗教訓的基礎上，認為在我國利率市場化的初期，利率應該有一小幅上揚的過程，但是其造成的市場波動應該不會太大；從改革的實際運作結果和中長期來看，外幣利率已經逐步的向國際利率水平靠攏；從短期來看，人民幣貸款利率總水平將趨于下降，部分貸款利率有可能上升，存款利率將會單邊上揚。
  5. However, once we take all - sided and impersonal view over the housing finance, we will definitely realize the conflict between the high speed and the low efficiency of it. in this paper, it ' s analyzed that there ' re five factors affecting the efficiency of housing finance, based on the basic situation of china as a developing country and according to some related theories of the western economics. the first one is the dual - track interest rate which presumes that price of housing credit financing is under the control of government to a certain extent, and the rest is open

    因此，本文從我國作為一個發展中國家? ?這一基本國情出發，以西方經濟學中有關理論為依據，分析影響我國住房金融效率的因素主要包括：利率雙軌，即一部分住房信貸資金價格受到政府的管制，而另一部分住房信貸資金價格則是開放的；住房金融機構產權不清，特別是政策性住房金融機構產權不清而導致金融創新動力不足，金融工具品種單一，不能滿足居民需求多樣化的要求；住房信貸中由於較高的交易費用，而使內耗偏高、效率降低；住房金融機構不健全，既不存在真正的住房金融機構又缺乏相應的擔保機構；此外，住房金融中融資機制不完備，長期信貸資金來源不足與資產負債的期限結構不匹配也是影響住房金融效率的一個主要因素。
  6. Based on the analysis of the current situation of the state medium - small - enterprise and the difficulties met during the stock reorganization of the high technology medium - small - enterprise, the article tries to provide possible solutions on the issues of definition of property rights, management of state assets, stock evaluation of commercial and non - commercial capital, disposal of enterprise debt and the use of land, and the settlement of retired people respectively. applying the modern theory of financial management, the article also gives its suggestion on the comprehensive evaluation on the companies during their stock reorganization and on the optimal allocation of capitals. according to the western experiences of developing high technology industries by venture investment and the prospect of the roles played by the forthcoming growth enterprise market, the article concludes that the sate medium - small high technology enterprises raising money from growth enterprise market through stock reorganization may be a shortcut for their development. a case of an " institute of automatization ", whose scheme was planned by the author for practice, is discussed throughout the paper

    本文在對我國國有中小企業改革現狀的分析基礎上，針對我國國有中小高新技術企業的現狀及股份制改組過程中的難點，對產權界定、國有資產管理、經營性和非經營性資產的剝離、凈資產的折股、企業債務和土地使用權的處理、離退休人員的安置等等問題，分別提出了具體的解決辦法。運用現代財務管理理論，提出了股份制改組過程中的公司整體價值評價方法及最佳資本結構確定的方法。在分析國外利用風險投資機制發展高新技術產業的經驗及即將推出的二板市場相關內容基礎上，明確提出國有中小型高新技術企業通過股份制改組最終到二板市場上市融資是其快速發展的途徑。
  7. However the depreciation of their premises value made them become negative assets and causes problems of liquidity. the worst is, some property owners are unable to afford the high interest rates or repay the difference between the mortgage amount and the market price, and as a result their premises were confiscated by banks and sold through public auction

    他們很多是中小型食肆旅行社零售店的東主，樓市下跌令他們的物業變成負資產，導致很多中小企業周轉不靈，不但被銀行追討資不抵債的差價，還要負上沉重的額外高利息。
  8. Tracking, simulate, forecast the excess central banks money supply, oil prices, currency, interest rates spread shocks and capital inflow, resulted us, european, asean, japan, taiwan, hong kong, china and asian, brazil, russia soaring and rising interest rate, bond spread caused plunging stocks and properties prices resulted nonperformance loan in the housing industry, banking, construction industry default during 1982 - 1998

    模擬追縱過高貨幣政策與油價及匯率貶值導致高經濟成長與通膨及外資湧入造成國際股房市暴漲外債高舉，出口衰退，貿易逆差大增企業營運虧損，資金緊縮，提高利率，股房市暴跌，資金外流資金套牢造成呆帳與倒帳之預防
  9. In 1998, citibank and travelers group merged into citigroup, which then became a financial holding company providing all kinds of financial services through its subsidiaries. the " financial services act of 1999 " repeals the " glass - steagall act " prohibitions on banks affiliating with securities firms, permitting holding companies to engage in securities underwriting and dealing, without limitation, as well as sponsoring and distributing mutual funds. it creates a framework that will permit the banking, securities, and insurance industries to compete more efficiently and effectively while improving consumer access to financial services, protecting investors, and ensuring a safe and sound banking system

    首先，金融控股公司由於佔有金融資源過大，所以面臨的系統風險的危害是非常大的；其次，金融控股公司的各子公司之間進行關聯交易，使得集團內各子公司的經營狀況相互影響，這就增大了金融控股公司的內幕交易和利益沖突的風險；第三，金融控股公司以外來資本撥付給子公司的資本金，在總公司和子公司的資產負債表中都同時反映出來，這可能會使整個集團的實際財務杠桿比率過高，影響到集團的金融安全。
  10. Investor flight from risk means that debt market liquidity could dry up as interest rates rise

    投資者的資金外流意味著債券市場的流動性可能會隨著利率的升高而下降。
  11. For a small and highly externally oriented economy with no external debt servicing requirements like hong kong, output should be less sensitive to interest rates than external demand

    對于香港這種細小及高度外向型無外債負擔的經濟體系來說，本地生產對利率的敏感度其實應較對外需為低。
  12. To idiographic institution, the main causes of the debts forming are as follow : the finance rights and affair rights are digit in the process of the finance and tax system, the finance rights are up collecting, and the affairs rights are down moving, the finance gap formed in the process of the finance and tax system, the comparative economic shrink in the anaphase country reform, the finance ingathering became fewer : the political and the administration system reform is disjoint to the economic system reform, the village and town government financial action is lost echo obligation, the expenditure break through the budget, and so on, otherwise, the country financial system reform is lag, the invests are becoming bad for the country government intervention to economic field, the country government action is short of efficient criterion, cut down the centre transferring geld to the farmers and delay to carry out the legal payment ; the effective supervision to the loan is short of about national to the non - financial machine, and so on, so the debts form at last

    但從根本講，還是制度的原因，是國家通過制度的安排來對利益進行重新分配，導致鄉鎮政府財政收入短缺，產生債務需求，最終形成債務。從具體的制度上看，主要有:財稅體制改革中的財權與事權的錯位，財權向上集中、事權不斷下移;農村稅費改革產生財政缺口;農村改革後期出現的經濟相對萎縮，財政收入減少;政治制度和行政管理制度改革與經濟改革脫節，鄉鎮政府財政行為失去應有的約束，導致開支突破預算等等，產生債務需求。另外，農村金融體制改革的滯后;鄉鎮政府對經濟領域的高度介入，出現經濟投資虧損;政府行為缺乏有效規范，截留老百姓的轉移支付款項、拖延履行法定支付義務;國家對非金融機構借貸行為缺乏有效監管等等，產生債務供給。
  13. China issues banks bills at home to drain the extra cash out of the banking system, while it parks substantial amounts of its foreign currency holdings in us treasuries, which offer higher interest rates, making sterilisation for the moment profitable

    中國在國內發行銀行票據，以從銀行系統抽走多餘資金，同時將相當一部分外匯儲備用於購買美國國債，後者利率較高，使眼下的沖銷操作有利可圖。
  14. Start from the study of the development and current station of the investment and fund circulation of infrastructures in cities in china, the thesis analyses the problems of the unclear faction of the goverment and the narrow channal and single way of financing and the trade monopolizing in it and then, at the request of rules of development of socialist market economy, useing the categorised theories of the products and service and the public financial theories in economics, the thesis tries to classify the projects of infrastructures into profit projects, quasi - projects and non - projects on the standard of profitable degree. and it presents the thoughts and goals of the reform of the investment and fund circulation of infrastructures on the study of the co - relation of the projects. the thesis maintains that establishing the investment and fund circulation company is the way of realization of the government inventment, and enlarge the investment scale through all kinds of channels, and raise the profitable degree of projects by establishing risk compensatory fund. the thesis compares the cost of the different financing waies and discusses the feasibility and necessity to issue the fund of city construction

    然後，按照社會主義市場經濟發展規律的要求，應用經濟學有關產品和服務的分類理論、有關公共財政的理論，以城建項目的可經營程度為標準，把城建項目分為難經營性項目、準經營性項目和經營性項目三類。研究了三類項目之間在特定條件下相互轉化的關系，在此基礎上提出了城建投資融資體制改革的推進思路和目標模式。主張設立城市基礎設施投資融資公司作為政府投資的實現形式，對不同類別的城建設施項目採取多元化投資融資方式，廣泛利用股票、債券市場、產業投資基金、資產證券化等方式，擴大城建設施投資融資規模，並重視利用外資和bot項目融資方式，以及通過設立投資風險補償基金，提高項目的可經營性程度。
  15. The banks also took measures to improve asset and liability management, implement cost controls, including the rationalisation of branch networks, and outsource certain activities to improve efficiency and earnings

    銀行又採取措施改善資產與負債管理，進行成本控制，包括整頓分行網路，以及把部分業務外判，以提高效率及改善盈利。
  16. Banks are charged the base rate with respect to the first 50 per cent of their holding of exchange fund bills and notes, but, for the next 50 per cent, base rate plus 5 per cent, or the overnight hong kong interbank offer rate ( hibor ) of the day, whichever is the higher

    銀行在貼現窗借款不超過本身所持外匯基金票據及債券總數的百分之五十，將須按基本利率支付利息；至於利用餘下的外匯基金票據及債券借款，則須按基本利率加5厘，或當日的港元隔夜銀行同業拆息（兩者以較高者為準）支付利息。
  17. As one kind of product of the development of market economy, reservation of title system has some superiority which the model guarantee systems do not have, it involves to some hot topics of modern market economy such as creditor ' s rights guarantee, consumer protection as well as transaction security and so on. to the basic litigants, it pays the proper attention to both efficiency and safety. if at the same time the suitable protection to the third party who has good faith can be given, then it may cause all involved litigant ' s benefit maximization, enable the guarantee function of the reservation of title system to fully reveal

    所有權保留制度作為一種市場經濟高度發達下的產物，具有典型擔保制度所不具有的一些優勢之處，它關涉到債權擔保、消費者保護以及交易安全等現代市場經濟中較為熱點的一些問題，對交易的基本當事人而言其具有效率與安全兼顧的功效，如果在此基礎上又能夠對交易基本當事人以外的善意第三方的利益予以適當保護，便可以使各方當事人的利益實現最大化，使所有權保留制度的擔保功能得以盡顯。
  18. But the interest income and the investment gains in bonds, at a hefty hk 50. 4 billion, were merely adequate to cover the currency and equity losses of hk 13. 1 billion and hk 30. 3 billion net of dividends respectively. in the event, there was only a small investment income of hk 7 billion recorded for the year

    在2001年，外匯基金獲得高達504億港元的債券利息收入及投資收益，但這筆收益卻僅足以彌補貨幣及股票投資分別錄得131億港元及303億港元已包括股息計的損失，因此得失相抵之下，外匯基金最後錄得70億港元的小額投資收入。
  19. Hence, it is necessary to do some theoretical research of our country ' s higher learning institutional fund raisins mechanism. this article has studied the background of fund raising in higher learning institutions, and it also explored the theoretical foundation of the higher learning institution ' s fund raising in the view of necessity, feasibility and efficiency respectively. it has introduced seven kinds of foreign higher learning institution ' s fund raising : implement the policy of charging, the model of " outputing education ", publish the educational bond, strengthen the connection of government and community, sell the technology and patent, establish higher in learning institutional company and donation and so on

    因此，為我國高校籌資實踐提供理論框架，進行我國高校籌資機制架構的理論研究十分必要本文研究了高校籌資問題產生的時代背景，分別從高校籌資的必要性、可行性和有效性方面探討了高校籌資工作的理論依據：介紹了國外高校籌資的七種主要方式：實行收費政策、採取「輸出教育」模式、發行教育債券、加強與政府和社區的聯系、出讓技術和專利、建立高校公司、制度化和規范化募捐工作，簡要分析了國外高校籌資方式對我國的啟示。
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