In recent years, the water - saving and control irrigation technique of rice has diverted from plot experimental and demonstration to lare scale. and has got remarkable economic and social benefits. amed at the characteristics of this irrigation area, optimal selection for water - saving techniques of rice, deciding the amout of leaching water and irrigation modles, investigating the adaptability of the water - saving and control irrigation technique in saline land. studying the increase in production mechanism of the technique are important to extend the technique, to better and develop saline land as well as slick spots. according to the results of field experiments, optimization study was conducted on the water - saving irrigation technique of rice in saline land, the effects of different water - saving irrigation techniques on the physiological indexes and yield of rice were systematically analyzed. by using mutiplepurpose fuzzy optimization method, better. water - saving irrigation technique was selector out, that is. the control irrigation technique in rice. the mechanism of it was analyzed from the aspect of the physiological and ecological saving water of rice to provide the implemental process and technical point ; throgh the quantitive analysis and comparision on control irrigation and control class ( flood irrigation ), high production and quality mechanism of the technique was analyzed in terms of physiology indexes of rice, the variation of soil moisture, the pest resistance and the lodge resistance, the change of soil temperature in paddy fields. the yield constitutive factors, the quality of rice and so on. in saline land. control irrigation and intermittent leaching modles were adopted to validate the adaptability of the technique in irrigation of rice in saline land, to analyze rice ' s physiological - ecological indexes and the change of soil salt content under the conditions of control irrigation leaching of rice and and to provide control irrigation and combined modle of intermittent leaching to adapt to different conditions
本文從試驗及試驗資料入手，取得以下主要成果和結論：對
鹽堿地水稻節水灌溉技術進行優化研究，系統地分析了不同節水灌溉技術對水稻生理指標及產量的影響，採用了多目標模糊優化的方法，對灌水技術進行綜合評判，優選了節水灌溉技術，論證該地區宜採用水稻控制灌溉技術；闡述控灌技術通過調節和控制水稻的需水規律，降低水稻高產情況下的無效水量消耗，從水稻生理、生態節水兩方面分析了控灌技術節水機理，針對性地總結出水稻各生育期實施節水控灌技術的步驟及技術要點；通過控灌與淹灌的定量對照比較，從根系、莖蘗、冠層葉片及綠葉動態到株高，土壤水分變化，抗病蟲
害、抗倒伏能力，稻田土溫變化，產量構成因素及稻米品質等諸多方面進行動態比較，分析控灌技術高產優質機理；在
鹽堿稻地採用控制灌溉+間歇淋洗模式，跟蹤測試田間水
鹽變化狀況，驗證控制灌溉技術在
鹽堿地區水稻灌溉中應用的適應性，通過分析水稻控制灌溉淋洗條件下水稻生理生態指標，提出優化控制灌溉+間歇淋洗組合模式，為進一步在高礦化度地區試驗水稻控灌技術奠定基礎。
He received gentamicin and salicylate showed minor hearing impairment
他接受慶大黴素和水楊酸
鹽治療，發生輕度聽力損
害。
3 the salt - resistant characteristic which is adapt to poisonousness of salt hydronium, such as salt - gland, crystal cell, and soon
適應
鹽離子毒
害的抗
鹽結構特徵。如
鹽腺、含
鹽液泡包、含晶細胞等。
The red eastern sky, the northward blackness, the salt dead sea, the stony beach 3 ) crawling with these 4 ) foul, slow - stirring monsters, the uniform 5 ) poisonous - looking green of the 6 ) lichenous plants, the thin air that hurts one ' s lungs : all contributed to an 7 ) appalling effect
東邊火紅的天空，北邊的漆黑，
鹽分高的死海，石頭嶙峋的海灘上爬行的這些臟污、緩慢移動的怪物，苔蘚植物清一色看似有毒的綠，傷
害肺部的稀薄空氣：這一切切皆令人毛骨悚然。
When molybdenum is deficient, nitrate may accumulate to a toxic level in the plant.
當鉬不足時，硝酸
鹽會積累在植物中達到毒
害的程度。
The soil salification is a serious problem for agriculture and environment. especially now with the development of industry, the situation of soil salification becomes more and more serious, and the quality of water is continuous worsened. research on the mechanism of salt tolerance especially in the important crops, such as wheat, is becoming more urgent than ever before
土壤
鹽漬化是影響農業生產和生態環境的嚴重問題，隨著工業污染加劇，灌溉用水的質量不斷下降和化肥使用不當等原因，次生
鹽堿化土壤面積有不斷加劇的趨勢，給農業生產造成重大損失；黃矮病毒病是小麥等禾本科植物的重要病
害之一，其傳毒介體蚜蟲更使植物產量損失巨大。
In areas which are prone to salinization - alkalization and water - logging, measures shall be taken to control and lower the groundwater level
在容易發生
鹽堿化和漬
害的地區，應當採取措施，控制和降低地下水的水位。
Plants are thought to remove na + from the cytoplasm by transporting it into the vacuolar or out of the cell using na + / h + exchangers localized in the vacuolar and plasma membranes, respectively. sos1 encoding a plasma membrane na + / h + antiporter and atnhxl encoding a vacuolar na + / h + antiporter were isolated from glycophytic arabidopsis thaliana, and overexpression of atnhxl and sos1 in arabidopsis thaliana increased the salt tolerance of transgenic plants significantly
目前，擬南芥細胞內控制na ~ +外排的基因sos1及離子區隔化基因atnhx1均已克隆， sos1及atnhx1在擬南芥中的過量表達顯著提高了轉基因植株的耐
鹽性，開創了降低na ~ +毒
害的基因操作新途徑。
This paper unfolds engineering disposition and theoretical research of negative temperature high performance concrete ( nthpc ) with the damage of many factors motivation, the project background based on qing - zang railway engineering, which is one of four - emphasized engineering during the tenth five - plan. due to the difference of environment of construction and service between nthpc and ordinary concrete, and therefore durability of nthpc is required to higher level. at a first, nthpc must avoid frozen damage at early age and possess anti - freezing property at later period, in order to meet engineering practicable application need, and this are two emphasized and difficult problems, as for nthpc ; by means of mechanism analysis about deicing - agent ingredient and anti - freezing at early period, adopting composite technique routine of mineral addition + anti - freezing element + water - reducer4 - air - entraining + anti - erosion of steel component etc, based on orthogonal experimental approach, fd - 1 composite functional admixtu re was manufactured, which has more property and orientation on qing - zang railway
負溫混凝土由於和普通混凝土在施工環境及服役環境上存在的差異，因此表現為比普通混凝土更為較高的耐久性要求；負溫混凝土首先要避免早期的凍
害以及具備長期抗凍性能，才能夠滿足工程實際應用的要求，這也是負溫混凝土必須解決的兩大技術關鍵；通過對目前常用防凍劑組分作用機理的分析研究及混凝土早期防凍機理探討，採用礦物外加劑+防凍組分+高效減水劑+引氣+阻銹組分功能復合的技術路線，通過正交試驗設計復配了適應青藏鐵路工程要求的專用多功能復合型外加劑fd - 1 ；並在此基礎上配製不同等級負溫高性能混凝土，開展一系列包括硫酸
鹽侵蝕、氯離子滲透、抗凍融循環、收縮及耐磨性等耐久性能研究；通過對fd - 1組分和摻量的調整，優化負溫混凝土在施工特性、力學指標和耐久性三個方面的兼容、協調性。
Study on strength of concrete corroded by salt based on bp artificial neural network
人工神經網路在
鹽害侵蝕混凝土強度分析中的應用
Advance in studies of the mechanism of salt tolerance and controlling of salt damage in upland cotton
棉花耐
鹽機理與
鹽害控制研究進展
All of these mean that suaeda salsa can resist nacl stress effectively but can " t resist na2co3 stress effectively
這些都表明，堿蓬的耐
鹽性較強而耐堿性較差，即堿
害大於
鹽害。
The salt always blocked the agriculture production, and is one of the main reason for the infield desolation
鹽害一直是困擾農業生產的一個重要問題，也是造成土地荒蕪的主要原因之一。
Abscisic acid ( aba ) can regulate a variety of physiological and molecular responses for plant against stresses, including drought, chilling, salinity, and so forth
脫落酸（ aba ）可以調節植物抗逆（包括乾旱、冷
害、
鹽害等）的多種生理反應和分子生物學效應。
The paper introduced the injury to the plant under salinity stress, and the effect of calcium on alleviating salinity injury. function mechanism of calcium on alleviating salinity injuey was commented synthetically
介紹了
鹽脅迫對植物的傷
害，及鈣緩解
鹽害的作用效果，綜合評述鈣緩解
鹽害的作用機制。
We tested the dreb1c ' s effect on salt tolerance. the result showed that overexpression of dreb1c could improve salt tolerance in arabidopsis. the transgenic plants could develop well in 100 mm nacl and 150 mm nacl whereas control plants grew slowly and was seriously retarded ; in 0 mm nacl, transgenic plant roots are stronger than wild type.
在含100mmnaci的ms培養基上脅迫十天後，野生型植株生長受抑制，較矮小;而轉基因植株生長正常;在含150nlmnacl的ms培養基上脅迫十天後，野生型植株生長受嚴重抑制，葉子捲曲，
鹽害癥狀明顯，而轉基因植株仍能較正常生長;在不含naci的ms培養基上，轉基因植株根系發達，尤其側根數目明顯多於對照。
We have cloned a segment of rci - 1 gene by means of rt - pcr and made it as a probe. the effects on the molecular level of the single chemical reagents and the mixed chemical reagent were contrasted under non - stress and different stresses, such as chilling, high - salt and pathogen infection. it was shown that on the condition of non - stress, the control had no expression of rci - l all the time
採用rt - pcr的方法克隆得到其片段，製作成相應的探針，檢測在非逆境條件下及逆境條件下（包括低溫、鹽害、病害） ，適宜濃度的sa單劑、 ipt單劑以及sa與ipt的復劑對rci - 1基因表達狀況的影響。
