ancient paper 中文意思是什麼

Based on the distributions of these species the paper puts forward 5 basic characteristics of bailongjang woody plants flora, i. e. 1. diverse species, 2. ancient origin, 3. temperate nature and relations of the tropics, 4. here mixing various woody plants from different districts, 5. 20 endemic genera to china and 25 autochthonal endemic species to bailongjiang

根據這些種的地理分佈，提出白龍江流域木本植物區系的5個基本特徵： 1種類豐富； 2起源古老； 3溫帶性質； 4南北交匯，東西兼容的過渡特徵； 5特有植物繁多。

This paper introduces mr qian yaxin ' s the research result concerning the ancient and modem bibliographers and his contribution

摘要本文介紹了錢亞新對古代及近代諸位目錄家的研究成果與貢獻。

Findings are : ( 1 ) written word, chirography ' s development process : ja - gu - wen ( inscriptions on bone or tortoise shells ) jin - wen ( bronze inscription ) zhuan shu li shu ( an ancient style of calligraphy ), ( 2 ) material flux ' s affection process : bone bronze jian du ( wood, bamboo ), silk book ( silk ), stele carving ( stone ) paper, ( 3 ) technology flux ' s affection process : carve model cast write, ( 4 ) written - word use for common people, ( 5 ) chirography ' s artistic change ( change to calligraphy ), ( 6 ) difference and valuation of occupation or interest ( writing craftspeople and calligrapher )

研究結果如後述： （ l ）文字、書體的演變過程：甲骨文金文篆書隸書， （ 2 ）材料變遷的影響過程：甲骨青銅簡牘（木、竹） 、帛書（絲） 、碑刻（石）紙， （ 3 ）技術變遷的影響過程：契刻范鑄書寫， （ 4 ）文字使用的平民化， （ 5 ）書體的藝術化（書法化） ， （ 6 ）職業或興趣所形成的差異與評價（書匠與書法家） 。

According to the record of ancient documents, this paper gives the possible structure of li lan ' s steelyard clepsydra, and demonstrates the principle for the stabilization of average flow velocity

根據古文獻記述，李蘭秤漏很可能是使用彈簧聯結權器和秤鉤，以達到平均流速穩定的目的。

This paper introduces the brief history of compilation of ancient bibliography and general cyclopedia in our country, so as to offer reference for further understanding of the history of compilation of ancient bibliography and general cyclopedia in our country

摘要論文介紹了我國古代書目和類書編制的發展簡史，旨在為進一步了解我國古代書目、類書編制史提供參考。

The factory undertakes the composing of the following business mainly : white marbl carved stone crouches the lion, the sleeping white marbl carved stone lion leak from the lion, white marbl carved stone, white marbl kylin, white marbl mythical wild animal ( pixiu ), white marbl dragon and phenix lamp pole, white marbl ornamental column, the cattle opening up virgin soil, white marbl figure of the buddha, the top of a pillar stone, white marbl fairy maiden, white marbl personage, white marbl carved stone elephant ( figure in stone ), white marbl dolmen, white marbl shi ting, stone bridge, white marbl stele, white marbl check dragon post, white marbl balustrade, granite dysmorphism, stone strip, flat piece of stone, foundation stone, door block, jade article treating, emboss, ornamental column, dragon post, lettering, silica sand, white marbl woollen cloth, ancient times build gardens ( breast board, platform ming dynasty, artificial stone with textures cut with an axe, rockery design, flowerpot, eroded limestone, mechanism cobblestone, mushroom stone etc. ), rockery fountain, nursery stock flowers and plants etc. paper of, saying that the stone table, stone bench, stone light, board carve characters on a seal, the column, vase post, window cover with, the door pocket, geomantic omen ball wait, and managing

本廠主要承做以下業務:漢白玉石雕蹲獅、漢白玉石雕走獅、漢白玉石雕臥獅、漢白玉麒麟、漢白玉貔貅（皮休） 、漢白玉龍鳳燈柱、漢白玉華表、拓荒牛、漢白玉佛像、柱頂石、漢白玉仙女、漢白玉人物、漢白玉石雕大象（石像） 、漢白玉石牌坊、漢白玉石亭、石橋、漢白玉石碑、漢白玉盤龍柱、漢白玉欄桿、花崗巖異形、石條、石板、漢白玉奠基石、門墩、玉器加工、浮雕、華表、龍柱、刻字、硅砂、漢白玉毛料、古建園林（欄板、臺明、剁斧石、板道、石桌、石凳、石燈、牌匾刻字、圓柱、花瓶柱、窗套、門套、風水球等，並經營假山石、花盆、太湖石、機制鵝卵石、蘑菇石等） 、假山噴泉、苗木花卉等。

This paper, based on the grain - size analysis and the comparative result of the mz - o scatter gram of ancient aeolian sands in milanggouwan section with the modern dunes in mu us desert, holds that fossil eolian dunes are a proxy of the dune activation, and be regarded as " desert process ", while the overlying fluvio - lacustrine and palaeosols on the dunes are regarded as inter - desert process

文中根據粒度分析及古今砂丘的mz ?散點圖比較結果，認為古代風成砂丘特別是古流動砂丘是砂丘活化的體現，視為「沙漠期」 ，而砂丘上覆的河湖相沉積與古土壤發育則可視為「間沙漠期」 。

Based on the information collected from classical literatures, contemporary documents, field investigation, this paper makes a systemic study on the origin, function of double - hipped roof building and its character of wooden framework in ancient china

摘要將歷史典籍文獻、現存文物資料、現代研究論著等相結合，系統考證了中國古代重檐建築的起源、功能造型及其構架特徵。

In this paper, it is the first time to publish four pieces fragments of arya - aparmanitayurjnana - nama - mahayana sutra in ancient uygur, discovered in the northern divison of mogaoku cave in dunhuang. based on the transcription in chinese, the author puts forward his opinion on the problems on the edition, the way and the year of the translation of the buddhist sutra

本文首次刊布敦煌莫高窟北區出土的四件回鶻文《大乘無量壽經》殘頁，對回鶻文原文進行拉丁字母轉寫、漢譯和注釋，附漢文原文，並對殘頁的成書年代、版本和翻譯方式等問題提出自己的看法。

This paper provides a comparison of the ancient words including the tribe names and cattle markers in the 11 ( superscript th ) divanu lughat - it t rk by famous philologist mahmud kashgari with those remained in hami subdialect uyghur central dialect

摘要本文以公元11世紀我國著名突厥語文學家麻赫穆德?喀什噶里的《突厥語大詞典》為依據，簡要討論保留于維吾爾語中心方言哈密次方言里的中古突厥語詞、部落名稱和牲畜印記。

Taking the cultural contact between the sogdians and the ancient uighurs as background, the paper makes a textual research on the sogdian loanword in diwanu lubatit - turk ( the complete turkish dictionary ) and other ancient uygur literature

摘要本文以歷史上的文化接觸為背景，對《突厥語大詞典》等文獻中的粟特語借詞進行考證。

As the ancient clerk deliberately folded and superscribed the note, mr. cruncher, after surveying him in silence until he came to the blotting - paper stage, remarked

老行員仔細折好字條，寫上收件人姓名。克朗徹先生一聲不響地觀察著他，在他吸干墨水時說：

By means of kiba formation, k. ibt " and kibt2 segments analysis on the equivalent time stratigraphic framework, subtle traps will be predicted on stratigraphic traps and lithological traps. the results from the research indicated that : ( 1 ) this paper further indicates the control significance of southern boundary fault displacement component, which downthrown side forms syncline or anticline, and points out that 4 anticlines in south are adjustment zone and are the entering lake position of ancient river

本論文的主要認識和結論如下： （ 1 ）進一步認識南緣邊界斷層位移量對下降盤形成次凹或橫向突起的控制意義，認出南緣的4個突起是調節帶之所在，也是古河流入湖處。這種格局導致凹陷強烈分割，並以橫向搬運為主。

Secondly, this paper illuminate background and meaning which reseting chinese national self - confidence form ancient, neoteric and nowdays. and think ancient national self - confidence characterized with shortcoming of close, aseityand pride, that mean it is very necessary to rebuild. in neotiric days, the country became weak and the gread suffered national self - confidence created conscious unblance, loss culture and modernization. all prove theat crossing hundred year ' s self - contempt is a important condition for the thrive of the chinese nation. the current globalsation, which implied with culture hegemony and belief crisis under the social transformation, renew to confirm sound and firm national self - confidence. it should be viewed as a urgent thesis which chinese nation receive epoch challenge

二、從古代、近代和當代三個層面闡發和揭示了重建中華民族自信心的背景與意義，認為古代民族自信心具有的封閉性、自在性和自大性等歷史局限，預示著對它進行時代重建的必要。而近代在國勢跌落中民族自信心的遭受重創及其給民族造成的心理失衡、文化失落和現代化失措，則表明跨越百年自卑，是今天中華民族蹶而復起的一個重要條件。當下全球化中隱含的文化霸權與社會轉型中出現的信仰危機，又表明重建並確立健康而又牢固的民族自信，應成為當代中華民族迎接時代挑戰的一項緊迫課題。

Its first exhibition, heavenly creations - gems of ancient chinese inventions, includes the world s oldest surviving map on paper and the oldest surviving water clock

在遷址后首個舉辦的「天工開物- -中國古代科技文物展」中，展出世界上最古老而仍然存在的紙地圖和銅壺滴漏。

This paper probes into the thoughts of confucius ' compilation of the ancient literatures, analyzes on the agents, thought features, obvious achievements and precious spirits of confucius ' compilation of the ancient literatures, and expounds the influence of his thought and spirit on the aftertime

對孔子的文獻典籍編纂思想進行了探討，分析了孔子編纂文獻典籍的動因、思想特點、顯著成果和寶貴精神，闡述了其思想和精神對後世的影響。

By the investigation and study about the main shops along streets in dali ancient city and qualitative evaluation and quantitative evaluation of dali tourism resourses, this paper presents the features of tourism resourses, performances and defects on the development of tourism in dali historical and cultural city. this paper, based on front analysis, make use of theories of urban image and theories of tourism spacial structure to make a study of optimization on tourism of dali historical and cultural city, to give sonic references for tourism resouces concervation and tourism development of dali, hope to attract attention to the concervation and tourism development of the historical and culcural cities

本文通過對大理古城沿街主要街道門面商業業態進行實地調研、對大理旅遊資源進行分類以及定性定量評價，指出了大理歷史文化名城旅遊資源的特色以及旅遊發展過程中取得的成績和存在的不足，在此基礎上，運用城市意象以及旅遊空間結構相關理論對大理歷史文化名城旅遊進行優化研究，力求對大理歷史文化名城旅遊的可持續發展有所幫助，並由此引起大家對中國眾多歷史文化名城旅遊可持續發展的關注。

This paper expounds the accomplishment of the study of ancient books edition at that time from the study of same book with different edition, collating activities, edition scholars and the symbolic achievements in this field

論文從同書異本、校勘活動、版本學家和標志性成果四個方面，論述了當時古籍版本學的成就。

The paper divided turbidite fan in deep water from long source into braided channel microfacies, inter - braided channel microfacies, medium fan over - belt microfacies, and external fan subfacies, and divided slump turbidite which related with delta into medium fan subfacies and external fan subfacies, and summed up 15 kinds of marking of subfacies and microfacies classification. at the same time, it formed a series of effective technology of analyzing turbidite source at the base of studying region geological which combined with analyzing the content change of terrigenous debris, with the found of logging facies, and with the ancient terrestrial magnetism test and other technology means under the guidance of three - dimensional model of turbidite which has been founded already and the flat surface feature of microfacies

將遠源深水濁積扇劃分為辮狀水道微相、辮狀水道間微相、中扇過渡帶微相和外扇亞相；將與三角洲有關的滑塌濁積扇劃分為中扇和外扇兩個亞相，並總結了濁積巖沉積劃分各種亞相、微相類型的十四種標志，分別為:巖石類型、層理類型、砂巖單層厚度、粒度結構特徵（粒度中值、分選性、概率曲線） 、生物化石、儲層物性（孔隙度、滲透率） 、泥巖隔層特徵（泥巖單層厚度、層數、顏色） 、鮑瑪層序組合和自然電位曲線特徵。

This paper, in the light of the special geological environment and actual project situation of the three gorges reservoir area, puts forward a comprehensive analysis and evaluation system suitable for the stability analysis of the bank landslide of the three gorges reservoir area under the premise of thorough consideration of the water influence on the stability of the bank landslide, and obtains the following achievements in several aspects that have the practical application significance and certain scientific research value : ( 1 ) it is discovered that the water activity is the primary factor of the formation of the new landslide and the revival of the ancient landslide. on the one hand, the rising underwater level reduces the actual stress of landslide ; on the other hand, the long time soaking of the underwater reduces the mechanics intensity of the landslide and the slide belt, both of which reduce directly the landslide stability ; ( 2 ) in view of the special condition of the three gorges reservoir area, this paper analyzes systematically the forces acted on the landslide of the three gorges reservoir area and the force varieties acted on the divided landslide when the water level changes between 175 meters and 145 meters. thus it is more scientific and comprehensive for the analysis of the forces acted on the landslide ; ( 3 ) this paper summaries systematically 10 kinds of typical computation projects by organic combinations of different kinds of situations in the dry season ( nature statue ), rainy season ( rainstorm or rains for a long time condition ), with 175m water level in the reservoir, during the earthquake, with the water level of the reservoir adjusted from 175m to 145m and so on, and produces

本文針對長江三峽庫區特殊的地質環境與工程實際情況，在充分考慮水對庫岸滑體穩定性影響的前提下，提出了一個適用於長江三峽庫岸滑坡體穩定性分析的綜合分析評價體系，並取得了如下幾個方面具有工程實際意義和一定科學研究價值的研究成果： （ 1 ）研究結果發現，水的活動是新滑坡形成或古滑坡復活的主要因素，一方面是由於地下水位升高降低了滑坡體的有效應力，另一方面是由於地下水的長期浸泡降低滑體及滑帶的力學強度，這兩方面的因素均將直接降低滑坡的穩定性； （ 2 ）針對三峽庫區的特殊條件，系統分析了作用於三峽庫區滑坡體上的力系和庫水位在175m與145m間變化時滑體條塊的受力變化，從而使對作用於滑坡體上的力系分析更科學、更全面； （ 3 ）通過對滑體處于旱季（天然狀態） 、雨季（暴雨或長期降雨狀態） 、 175m庫水位、地震以及庫水位由175m調節下降至145m等各種不同情況的有機組合，本文系統地歸納總結出了10種典型計算工況，並具體給出了相應的作用荷載的計算方法，使在庫區岸坡滑體穩定性分析評價時對計算工況選擇及其作用荷載的計算更具規范性； （ 4 ）具體運用c + + builder開發了關于滑坡體穩定性綜合分析評價系統，使對滑坡體穩定性分析計算更方便、更準確； （ 5 ）將上述滑坡體穩定性綜合分析評價系統應用於重慶市豐都縣名山滑坡穩定性分析的具體事例中，分析結果表明，本文所提出滑坡體穩定性綜合分析評價方法對三峽庫區的滑坡穩定性分析是實用可行的。