bankruptcy rules 中文意思是什麼
bankruptcy rules
解釋
破產規定- bankruptcy : n. 1. 破產，倒閉，倒賬，無償付能力。2. （勇氣，智力等的）完全喪失 （of; in）. go into bankruptcy破產。
- rules : 安全法規
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1 adjective law is regarding as the main content of bankruptcy reorganization institution, the core of bankruptcy reorganization institution is the bankruptcy reorganization procedure formed from a series of procedural rules. the bankruptcy reorganization procedure has the characters of loose conditions, specifically objects, diversiform participants, diversiform measures and procedural priority
一、破產重整制度以程序法為主要內容，其核心就是由一系列程序性規則構成的破產重整程序，破產重整程序具有條件寬松、對象特定、主體多元、措施多樣、程序優先等特徵。 -
Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law
再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。 -
The content of this course are as followings : the concept of the commercial law, features of commercial law, basic principles of commercial, the players in commercial field, behaviors, registration system, trade name, accounting books, the overview of corporate law and corporation, the classification of corporation, the establishement of company, the capital system under compnay law, share and assets, shareholders and their rights, corporate governance, merger and acquisation, overview of bankruptcy law, ? substantive bankruptcy law, procedure ? bankruptcy law, overview of commercial paper law, the classification and the basic rules of commercial paper, overview security law, ? issue and sponsor system, listing and trade system, investment fund system, overview of issurance law, issurance contract, property issurance, life issurance, issurance industry, maritime law, vessel and stewages, transportation contract, leasing vessel contract, incidents and the liability system etc
課程內容包括，商法的概念、特徵、基本原則、商主體、商行為、商事登記、商號、商事帳簿、公司與公司法概述、公司的分類、公司的設立、公司的資本制度、股份與股票、股東與股權、公司的治理結構、公司的合併與解散、破產法概述、破產程序法、破產實體法、票據法概述、匯票、本票、支票、證券法的基本問題、證券市場主體法律制度、證券發行與承銷法律制度、證券上市及交易法律制度、證券投資基金制度、保險法概述、保險合同、財產保險、人身保險、保險業、海商法概述、船舶和船員、海上運輸合同、船舶租用合同和海上拖航合同、船舶碰撞、海難救助、共同海損、海事賠償責任限制等部分。 -
The structure of the paper is following : the first part is to put forward the problem. the problem of the substantive trial procedure of the bankruptcy case is arose not only because the parties cannot take part in the proceed of judgement, but also because the rules of reconsider deprive the parties of the procedural remedy rights
文章從一則案件寫起，說明現在對破產案件中出現的實體問題的審理中出現的問題，主要是不符合程序公正的要求，表現在當事人不能參與到裁判的形成過程中;復議制度實際剝奪了當事人的程序救濟權;裁判文書的使用不符合民事訴訟法的基本原理。 -
Article 13 : if the people ' s court rules to accept the bankruptcy petition, it shall additionally appoint an administrator
第十三條?人民法院裁定受理破產申請的，應當同時指定管理人。 -
The two law systems have different opinion on this kind of civil liability, but the author thinks this kind of liability appeared legally and should be a legal liability. our current company law almost has n ' t had any rules of director ' s civil liability for a third party. we should temporize to the world ' s lawmaking by adding the rules of director ' s civil liability for a third party and by commanding director to shoulder related responsibilities with company when he is responsible for the company ' s bankruptcy for his misuse of authority and when he has other rules - breaking actions
第二方面主要論述董事對第三人的民事責任，兩大法系在董事對第三人的責任性質上有不同的認識，筆者認為這種責任是依法產生的，應是一種法定責任；我國現行的公司法對董事對第三人的責任基本上未作出規定，我國公司法應追隨世界立法之潮流，增加董事對第三人民事責任的規定，要求董事濫用職權而對公司破產負有責任時，以及董事有其他違反規定的行為時，對第三人產生的損害與公司一起承擔連帶賠償。 -
Macroscopically speaking, a rigorous, scientific, unified and complete legal system has so be worked out of these law, and rules and regulations together with the civil law, budget act, bankruptcy law, industrial property rights law, real estate law, so that all of them will be perfectly connected, matched, and coordinated
從宏觀上來說，要使這些法律、法規與民法、預演算法、破產法、工業產權法、土地法、房地產交易法等共同構成一套嚴謹、科學、統一、完備的法律體系，使之相互銜接、相互配套、相互協調。 -
In addition, firm participation in domestic vio ? lence, elder law, homelessness, bankruptcy, and similar types of legal clinics is particularly attractive in that it allows law firm lawyers to spend a discrete amount of time dispensing limited advice without being bound by normal conflicts rules
此外，律所尤其熱衷參與一些涉及家庭暴力、老年人保障法、無家可歸、破產及類似種類的法律診所服務，原因是這些服務允許律師在單獨的一段時間里提供有限的咨詢而且無須受到正常的沖突規則的約束。
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