burden theory 中文意思是什麼
burden theory
解釋
能力說-
The third part of this article mainly discusses the causal relationship in market manipulation, which is a block of the enforcement of the law against market fraudulences. because market manipulation is a kind of special tort, the author agree on the use of the " proof to the contrary " theory to lighten the proof burden of the damaged party in causal relationship. besides, this part also discusses such issues as how to decide the scope of legal plaintiffs, how to assess the losses of the damaged party
本文第三部分「操縱市場的因果關系研究」從民法一般的因果關系理論入手，並結合操縱市場的侵權行為中因果關系的特殊性，論述了操縱市場的侵權行為中因果關系是否成立的判斷標準，並主張對因果關系在民事訴訟中舉證責任的分配應突破「法律要件分類說」的要求，適用因果關系舉證責任倒置的做法，即由操縱市場案件中的被告負擔證明責任成立因果關系不成立的舉證責任，否則即推定因果關系成立。 -
One theory posits that everyone carries an ongoing stress burden that accumulates throughout life
理論認為每個人一生中時刻都在承受著應激負擔。 -
Nowadays the distribution of burden of civil proof has many malpractices in legislation, theory and judicial actions, and therefore the research on the distribution of burden of civil proof proves itself meaningful and significant theoretically and practically on the background of judicial reform
我國的民事證明責任分配無論是立法、理論還是司法實踐都存在諸多弊端，因此，在當前司法改革的背景下，研究民事證明責任的分配製度具有重大的理論價值和現實意義。 -
Put forward my proposal about the reformation of the taxation system, as well as the complementary measures, it is the surface that farmers " burden is caused by the primary government who charge farmers excessively, the deep reason is the unbalance developing strategy for national ecnomic and the difference between the city and the rural earea. link theory with the prctising program interal and external, i put forward my proposal to abolish agricultural tax, practice the same taxation, set up land rent system
過分地掘取農業剩餘的同時，還實行重城輕鄉的公共產品分配政策，造成農村財政呈「缺血」狀態，不得已實行「三提五統」收費制來解決農村公共產品的提供問題，制定製度出發點的錯誤以及制度本身的不完善，造成「三亂」久治不愈；其次，由於行政管理體制改革滯后，機構臃腫，冗員過多；再加上農民反負成本高，反負意識差和農村制度供給的路徑依賴性，造成農民負擔越發沉重，並成為中國許多問題的根源。 -
The dissertation is divided into six chapters. chapter 1, summary, which explain the importance of the topic and suggest the system, method, and main contents of this dissertation. chapter 2 : the research of the theory of national debt and the practice of the debts issuing in china, in this part, we sum up the theory of national debts and the method of researching moderate scale in china and other countries. chapter 3 : the analysis of burden of national debts in china, which analyze the debts " burden by the rate of debts " burden and the rate of repayment of debts and the degree dependence of debts and so on. chapter 4 : influence factor study of the reasonable limit of national debts " quantity, in this chapter we get the factors that mostly affect the scale. using the actual datum and modern econometric and statistical analysis method, we conclude that the repayment of capital and interest and the finance deficit are the most important factors
第二章國債理論研究進展和我國的國債實踐，綜述國內外國債理論研究的進展和我國國債發行的實踐以及國債適度規模的研究方法。第三章我國國債債務負擔分析，主要從政府償債能力和社會應債能力兩方面，選取了債務依存度、國債負擔率和國債償債率等指標，通過橫縱對比，對我國國債債務負擔進行了分析。第四章債務負擔合理數量界限的影響因素分析，選取了九個與國債密切相關的指標，通過多重共線性診斷、最佳回歸模型的選擇分析，最後選定國債還本付息額和財政赤字兩個與國債規模最密切的指標。 -
The theory and legislation of proof limitation system is an important part of proof burden system and the judicial procedure of civil law. due to its conflict with substantial justice, the system of time limit for proof limitation could make the judgment of value and realize its value of rational justice only in the litigation notion of justice of formalities
任何制度的存在和發展都應有其內在的價值取向，作為訴訟程序制度內容一部分的舉證時限制度，由於與實質正義的立場存有一定的對立性，其本身也只有在程序正義的訴訟理念下，才能發揮其價值評價的功效，才能夠在追尋結果的過程中達到一種相對平衡的理性正義價值。 -
The article studies the origin and theory of fraud exception doctrine, discusses focally the scope of application, exercising main body and burden of proof
分析了信用證欺詐例外原則的產生及理論基礎，重點探討了信用證欺詐例外原則的適用范圍、行使主體和舉證責任三個具體問題。 -
The teaching of ideology and politics, as the main method of moral education for the middle school students, undertakes the burden of the students " teaching of theory, thought, morality, low and psychology
作為中學德育工作主要途徑的思想政治課教學，承擔著對學生進行政治教育、思想教育、道德教育、法紀教育和心理教育的任務。教師在教學中應關注學生情商的培養和提高。 -
The theory on the distribution of burden of proof originated in the roman law ; and germany has made outstanding contributions to the world ’ s studies in the theory on the distribution of burden of proof
證明責任分配理論起源於羅馬法，德國在證明責任分配領域為世界做出了突出的貢獻，經過羅馬法注釋法時期、普通法時期的發展，這一理論形成了兩大學說，即待證事實說及法律要件分類說。 -
Restorative criminal responsibility refers to one kind of crime responsibility idea and the pattern that takes repairing the harm and restoring the relations as the entity burden orientation in the crime domain of violating individual law profit. restorative criminal responsibility is opposite to the retaliatory or suppressive crime responsibility which takes exerting the harm and the pain as the burden orientation, it actually makes up, but does not depart from the contemporary mainstream criminal activity penalty theory ? ? " intergrative theory "
恢復性刑事責任是指在侵害個人法益犯罪領域以修復損害與復和關系為實體負擔取向的一種犯罪責任理念與模式，它與以施加損害與痛苦為負擔取向的報復性或壓制性犯罪責任相對立，實是對當代主流刑事懲罰理論? ? 「一體論」的補足而非背離。 -
This situation reflects that there are some problems existing in tax preferential policy and system. in order to know taxation burden relationship clearly, this paper analyzes the behavior orientation of three main bodies by game theory
稅負優惠效應的這種狀況反映出我國現行稅負優惠政策和制度上存在的優惠多、亂、濫，優惠的方向與目標沒有針對性一系列矛盾問題。 -
This study begins from the farmers " economical bearing capacity of farmers to the burden, sets up the framework of mathematical model, introduces the theory of survival rationality in sociology, judges the psychological expectation and bearing capacity of farmers generally, and confirms a rational burden limit which the farmers can bear economically and agree psychologically. using the case in annul province as an example, the study also analyzes positively the farmers " capability of bearing tax
本研充從農民對負擔的經濟承受能力入手建立數學模型框架進行分析，並引入社會學「生存理性」的理論，對農民的心理預期及承受能力進行綜合判斷，並確定一個現階段農民在經濟上能承受、心理上能認同的合理負擔界限，並以安徽省為例，對農民的負稅能力進行了實證分析。 -
Additionally, the dissertation studies the computation burden and computing memory, and simulation results demonstrate the correctness of theory analyses
並對該演算法的計算量及所需計算內存進行了研究，模擬結果證實了理論分析的正確性。 -
Firstly " the author makes a compared study on the concept of burden of proof in continental law system and anglo - american law system. then the author makes comments on the argument of the concept of burden of proof in china ' s theory field and tries to reconstruct the concept in china. the concept of burden of proof is in connection with structure of action
文章指出，證明責任的含義與訴訟結構有關，大陸法系職權主義刑事訴訟中的證明責任包括「形式的證明責任」和「實質的證明責任」 ，而英美法系當事人主義刑事訴訟中的證明責任分為「提供證據責任」和「說服責任」 。 -
In allusion to problems of large - scale burden bearing design in our country such as long design period, complex calculation, difficulty in optimizing the parameter and so on, this paper systemically demonstrates a theory and method for developing professional, intellectualized cad system
本文針對我國大型重載軸承設計中存在的設計周期長、分析計算繁雜、不易實現參數優化等缺陷，系統闡述了一種專業化、智能化軸承cad系統的開發理論與方法。 -
Among the different imaging algorithms, the range - doppler fft ( r - d fft ) algorithm, based on range - doppler theory, in which the fast fourier transform ( fft ) is employed to reduce compute burden, is widely used in various imaging radar because it can be easily realized in real - time application
陸基成像雷達（ gbr ）作為isar成像技術的重要應用，其觀測目標具有速度快，慣性大，運動相對平穩等特點，針對這些特點，本文對isar成像運動補償方面作了較為深入的研究。 -
It summed up the legislation of medical malpractice in different country : the principle of the fact of malpractice being evidence of fault in united states of america ; the theory of no ability of testifying because of interfering ; and when momentous medical malpractice occurred, the burden of proof will be switched ; the requirement of pat ients " consent, and so on
比較系統的對國外醫療訴訟證據適用原則進行了歸納：美國的事實本身說明過失原則、德國的妨礙證明理論、以及重大診療過失的責任轉換、承諾阻卻原則等等，這些對于國內的醫療糾紛訴訟會起到一定的借鑒作用。 -
The american evidence law system is also rooted in the jury system, and the theory of burden of proof has the jury system as the basis
陪審團審判機制孕育了美國證據法律制度，證據責任理論是建立在陪審制度基礎之上的。 -
However, welfare statists, the founder of the theory of social responsibility of property right, are not against restrictions on public burden
不過，提出財產權利社會責任理念的國家福利主義者並不反對對公共負擔予以必要的限制與防範。 -
The values of the theory on the distribution of burden of proof lie in that such a theory can provide the judge with a concise and shortcut disposal scheme according with equity and justice in allusion to facts that cannot be clarified
證明責任分配理論的價值，在於這種理論能夠針對無法查明的事實，為審判者提供一個明確、快捷、符合公平、正義的處理方案。
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