common cost 中文意思是什麼
common cost
解釋
共同成本聯合成本-
Third, a lot of retailers have not realized the centralization of purchase and distribution. low productivity, much error and high operation cost are the very common problems in the distribution of retailers. like a bottle neck, the draggle of logistics construction seriously restrict the development of chinese retailing
論文列舉了其中主要存在的問題：未能實現集中采購、進貨；未能實現統一的存貨和庫存管理；未能實現統一的運輸安排，配送率低；標準化程度低；物流設施落後，物流生產力低；信息化水平低；專業水平低等。 -
Our hot balloons is driven by common fuel without any gas, as same as other normal hot balloons, it is lifted by flotage of hot air and direction controlled by gasoline motor, remote operation, safe, low risk, no ground people required leading to very low cost
本廠生產的動力熱氣球，是用普通熱氣球燃料，不加任何氣體，和普通的熱氣球一樣，是靠熱氣的浮力上升的，汽油機控制方向和升降，遙控操作，安全，風險小，無須地面人員，飛行成本底。 -
But today, because of the factors of open marketing prime cost, transparent technology, similar or “ cloning ” marketing approaches, the domestic construction machinery producing enterprises not only can ’ t attain their goals solely depending on the price war, but also suffered a great impact on that. under this circumstance, what kinds of factors determining the success of one enterprise ’ s marketing strategy is the common focus from various enterprises
但由於當前企業的營銷成本幾乎都是公開的，技術也都是透明的，促銷手段也是高度「克隆」而來的，因此僅僅依靠傳統的競爭方式（包括價格競爭）不僅難以成功，同時也對國內工程機械行業帶來較大的沖擊，所以企業營銷的成敗到底取決于什麼就成了各企業關注的焦點。 -
Optical layer protection has characteristic of fast protection rate, high reliability, low cost and transparent, it can provide a common survivable platform for all kinds of traffic
光層保護恢復具有保護速度快、可靠性高、成本低、透明性強、可為各種業務提供一個公共生存平臺的特點，因而成為研究的熱點問題。 -
It takes agency theory as its premise, human resource property right as its core, and modern distribution theory and risk theory as its foundation. its basic idea is to give high - level managers headed by chief executive officer the right to purchase common stocks of the company at a certain price and time in the future. through this equity system, it ' s expected to inspirit organizations " management in the long run, avoid operators " short - term behavior, and thus reduce agency cost, improve organizations " management structure, and promote the stability of management, so that both constituents ( stake holders ) and vicegerents " ( operators ) targets of gaining profit will be realized finally
其本質是對經營者的一種薪酬安排；它以代理理論為前提，以人力資本產權理論為核心，以現代分配理論和風險理論為基礎；其基本內容是給予公司內以首席執行官為首的高級管理人員在未來某特定的時間按某一固定價格購買本公司普通股的權力；通過這種機制希望對公司管理層起到長期激勵的作用，避免經營者的短期行為，從而減少代理成本，改善企業的治理結構，促進穩健經營，最終實現委託者（股東）和受託者（經營者）雙贏的目的；它是把期權理論應用於現代激勵機制的一種制度創新，比較符合市場經濟條件下企業經營者的價值取向和企業發展的戰略要求。 -
This paper researches the basic statistical rule of oil - gas dynamic system from the systematic theory, combining with the common characteristic and structure characteristic of oil - gas dynamic system, taking the design requirement of oil field development programming into consideration, by using of functional simulation principle ( including nn method, differential simulation method ) and historical data of oil field, establishes the in - out conjunctional relationship of dynamic index of oil field development, and researches the two level index prediction of development dynamic with both oil field and oil production plant on the basis of the in - out conjunctional relationship. furthermore, this paper analyzes the " decision - making variable ", " object " and " restriction terms " by the optimization theory and set up several optimal models which compose the oil field development programming, it is following : optimization model of the production composing ( solving the optimal composing of each subentry production and cor responding cost, workload, including the onshore thin oil production, the heavy oil thermal process production, tertiary oil recovery production, and the offshore production ) ; optimization model of measure production structure ( determining the optimal composing of each measure production and measure workload, which is composed of fracture, acidulation, capital repair and so on ) ; optimization model of the production distraction ( optimal distribution of the whole oil field production to each oil production plant ) and the integrated development programming model of oil field
本文從系統理論出發研究油氣動態系統基本統計規律，結合油氣動態系統的一般特點，結構特點，兼顧油田開發規劃設計的要求，利用功能模擬原理（含神經網路方法、微分模擬方法） ，依據油田歷史數據，建立了油田開發動態指標間的輸入輸出關聯關系，並在此輸入輸出關聯關系的基礎上研究了油田及採油廠兩級的開發動態指標預測，同時利用最優化原理，在分析「決策變量」 、 「目標」及「約束條件」的基礎上建立了多個構成油田開發規劃的「優化模型」 ，這些優化模型包括：產量構成優化模型（解決陸上稀油產量、稠油熱采產量、三次採油產量、海上產量及對應的成本、工作量的最優構成問題） ；措施產量結構優化模型（解決壓裂、酸化、大修等各項措施產量及措施工作量的最優構成問題） ；產量分配優化模型（將油田的產量最優地分配到各採油廠）以及油田綜合開發規劃模型。 -
However, in common with many areas of china, nanchang is suffering from a shortage of electricity and chafing under the rising cost of steel, cement, aluminium and other inputs required to build factories
然而，和中國其他地區一樣，在鋼鐵、水泥、鋁材和其他對建造工廠所需要用到的物資的價格上升下，南昌也遇到了電力短缺。 -
This thesis adopts empirical research methods, with changjiang communication navigation bureau as a study object, under the guidance of the public financial theory and with zero - base budget idea and activity - based costing system applied ; it provides the general thought by which we investigate each itemized outlay ration standards using the method of sourcing " the chain of the reason of necessary cost " and provides the idea of distributing the common cost in the light of the actual time of the non - commonweal and commonweal communication, researching the method of investigating the budget ration standards of over - water commonweal communication institutions. the research harvest has important theoretical and practical sense to the over - water commonweal communication institutions when making budget
本文採用實證研究的方法，以長江通信導航局為研究對象，在公共財政理論的指導下，運用零基預算和作業成本法的基本思想，研究了水上公益通信單位預算定額標準的測定方法，通過追溯「必要費用成因鏈」來測定各項費用定額標準和根據非公益性通信與公益性通信實際發生時間來分攤共同費用的思想，研究的成果對水上公益通信單位編制預算具有重要的理論和實踐意義。 -
When a ship is ashore and cargo and ship ' s fuel and stores or any of them are discharged as a general average act, the extra cost of lightening, lighter hire and reshipping ( if incurred ), and any loss or damage to the property involved in the common maritime adventure in consequence thereof, shall be allowed as general average
作為共同海損行為而卸下擱淺船舶的貨物、船用燃料和物料時，其減載、租用駁船和重裝（如果發生）的額外費用和由此造成共同航程中的財產的任何滅失或損壞，都應認作共同海損。 -
When a ship is ashore and cargo and ship ' s fuel and stores or any of them are discharged as a general average act, the extra cost of lightening, lighter hire and reshipping ( if incurred ), and any loss or damage to the property involved in the common maritime adventure in consequence thereof, shall be admitted as general average
作為共同海損行為而卸下擱淺船舶的貨物、船用燃料和物料時，其減載、租用駁船和重裝（如果發生）的額外費用和由此造成共同航程中的財產的任何滅失或損壞，都應認作共同海損。 -
The most common mistakes are these : 1. pricing is too cost - oriented
本章研究了價格目標、價格定位和定價的一般方法。 -
Three - body - interbalance model is deduced to illuminate the ethical adjustment mechanism. the demoralization behaviors in our stock market are so common that bring huge cost. systematically, it will break down the confidence of investors, and then destroy the stock ecosystem
通多對「股權結構的人為分割」制度和「全流通」制度分別進行倫理剖析，推導出三元制衡模型作為道德調節作用在股市上的實現機制。 -
Paying for the meal is also different from country to country. in china, one person usually pays for everyone. in western countries, when friend eat together, they usually share the cost. this is called " going dutch " also, when westerners pay the check, they usually leave some money for the waiter. this is called " leaving a tip " not leaving a tip is very rude. in the u. s., it ' s common to leave tips of 10 %, 15 %, or 20 % of the check. the amount depends on how good the waiter was. good waiters can get a lot of money
不同國家付飯錢也不同.在中國，常常一個人替所有人付錢.在西方國家，當朋友們一起吃飯，他們通常分擔飯錢.這叫"荷蘭化" .還有，西人付款，他們經常給服務員留一些錢.這叫給小費.不給小費是很禮貌的.在美國，一般小費是飯錢的10 % ， 15 % ，或者20 % .具體給多少要看服務質量.好的服務員能得到很多錢 -
According to our country " labor law " concerned regulation, because labour gets hurt or laborer contracts occupational disease, following treatment can enjoy during medical treatment : contain registration cost, cure cost, expenses for medicine, examine common bed expends cost, operation expenses, be in hospital, travelling expenses of go to a doctor, by the society insurance department and unit of choose and employ persons are assumed jointly
根據我國《勞動法》的有關規定，勞動者因工受傷或者患職業病，在醫療期間可以享受如下待遇：含掛號費、治療費、藥費、檢驗費、手術費、住院普通床位費，就醫路費等，由社會保險部門和用人單位共同承擔。 -
So we put forword some mathematics modals for the answer of the question. the modals are not only include the classical " secretary question " but also are more common and more concrete than the classical " secretary question ". at the same time we put forward a new loan rule for the decision cost
因此我們提煉出了幾個包含經典」秘書問題」但比經典」秘書問題」更一般、更有實際意義的模型，通過計算各種相關的概率和期望，給出該問題的解，同時還對有決策時間成本的情形，提出了一種新的決策規則並討論其性質。 -
Where temporary repairs are effected to a ship at a port of loading, call or refuge, for the common safety, or of damage caused by general average sacrifice, the cost of such repairs shall be admitted as general average
如果船舶為了共同安全或對共同海損犧牲所造成的損壞在裝貨、停靠或避難港進行臨時修理，此項修理費用應認入共同海損。 -
Rooftop structures, the most common annexes to residential buildings in cities of taiwan, are the lowest - cost way for dwelling units on the top floor to gain additional indoor space
摘要隨著社會經濟的發展，都市人口? ?斷增加，造成在寸土寸?的都市地區中，土地或建物的違規使用事件層出?窮。 -
A common complaint is that some companies try to monopolize a market through " predatory " or below - cost pricing
一種常見的申訴是一些公司通過掠奪性定價或傾銷價企圖壟斷市場。 -
Common policy holder rises 10 days from the next day that gets guarantee slip inside, and did not produce insurance gold to give pay, criterion policy - holder can retreat redound upon sheet to the company and written requirement cancel is sure contract, the company is not had breath return policy - holder place to pay insurance cost
一般投保人自收到保單的次日起十日內，且未發生保險金給付，則投保人可向公司退回保單並書面要求撤銷保險合同，公司無息退還投保人所交保費。 -
Students should be able to compare and contrast the common types of communication links ( e. g. modem dialup or cable modem, leased line, broadband and wireless, etc. ) for internet access in terms of data transfer rate, cost, and reliability
5學生應能就數據傳送速率、成本及可靠程度等方面去比較及對比常用通訊連路種類，例如數據機撥接、電纜數據機、專線、寬帶及無線等。
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