empirical estimate 中文意思是什麼
empirical estimate
解釋
經驗估計量-
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
In this thesis, based on item response theory, a number of ways to estimate the latent trait and item parameters were introduced and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed ; what is more, empirical logistic regression and two parameters logistic model ( 2plm ) are combined to set up a linear model by logit - mapping and a new parameter - estimation method is proposed
新方法將經驗logistic回歸用於兩參數logistic模型的參數估計，使用logit變換建立線性模型，利用線性模型的最小二乘估計得到第j個項目的項目參數向量_ j = （ _ j ， _ j ）的兩步估計由於x _ j含有未知的討厭參數，的理論值也和有關，我們結合上式的結果對進行再估計。 -
The above algorithm forms a double - two - stage iteration, as following : the results of monte carlo stimulation show that the double - two - stage iteration algorithm is more effective than empirical logistic regression after item and ability parameters recovery study. there are three advantages about the new method : first. the new method can be applied to estimate fewer items ; secondly, a test including fewer unusual response patterns can also be evaluated ; thirdly, the results compared with homogeneous software dealing with 2plm are accepted using mean absolute error as the criterion
這種新方法有以下三個優點：項目數很少時參數估計的結果也較穩定；能處理測驗中含有少量特殊反應模式（見第二章）的參數估計；以估計值和真值之差的絕對值（平方）的平均值作為估計對真值的修復能力為指標，新方法的參數估計結果與同類流行軟體相比，修復能力不相上下；特別地，新的參數估計方法可以用於多級評分項目gpcm ，並為估計題組項目開辟了另一條道路。 -
A quantitative thinning cost model based on the empirical data was set up by multiple regression method, and it was used to estimate thinning costs under certain conditions
然後，應用多元?歸分析法建立疏伐成本之計量模式，並用以推估不同狀況下的疏伐成本。 -
By making use of the available data from engineering experiment, an empirical formula to estimate pressure drop of fluidized packing contactor has been set
本文利用廢氣治理工程中測試的數據，建立了流化填料凈化塔的水力阻力經驗式。 -
An empirical formula is used to convert the signal intensity into rainfall rate. thus, the rainfall rate presented here is only an estimate
由於是利用了一經驗公式將信號的強弱換算為降雨率，因此圖像顯示的降雨率僅為一估算數值。 -
As empirical data emerge, it becomes increasingly possible to plan and estimate
隨著經驗數據的不斷出現，進行計劃和評估的可能性越來越大。 -
We propose a corresponding empirical model and estimate it using fixed - effects
另外，基於同儕壓力可能具有內生性的問題，以兩階段固定效果模型進行檢測。 -
This paper ' s basic emphasis is on the international cartel ' s effect on the international trade of developing countries, but international cartel is a complicated issue due to its secrecy, any definitive estimate of the impact of these cartels on developing countries is undermined by the paucity of the data available to analyze this question. the unavailability of the data makes this papers research have many limitation. although this paper get some persuasive conclusion, the international cartel ' s effect on the international trade of developing countries need more penetrating empirical research
然而，由於國際卡特爾問題的復雜性，在本文的研究中，也存在著許多局限性，主要是：實證分析中選取樣本的有限性，只能就上世紀90年代末受制裁的部分國際卡特爾進行分析，雖然在理論和實踐意義上，論文提要本文得出了具有一定說服力的研究結論，但對于國際卡特爾對發展中國家的影響這樣重大的論題，仍有待運用更為廣泛和全面的數據進行更深入的實證分析。 -
We choose some stocks randomly to have an empirical investigation and estimate the factors using a statistical technique called factor analysis
利用spss軟體作為工具，在深市100指數道中88指數股票中隨機抽取若干只股票進行實證檢驗和分析。 -
This dissertation is a study on the equilibrium real exchange rate of rmb. and its objective is to build the empirical model of equilibrium real exchange rate of rmb, estimate the exchange rate misalignment and analyze the reason of the misalignment in china, which covers the period from 1980 to 2004
人民幣匯率不再盯住單一美元，形成更富彈性的人民幣匯率機制，並讓人民幣對美元升值2 . 1 % ，美元對人民幣交易價格自公告發布之時起調整為1美元兌8 . 11元人民幣」 。
分享友人