hymenoptera 中文意思是什麼

( 4 ) fluorescent investigation shows that pollen started to germinate about 20 hours later after deposited on the stigmas, only 1 or 2 pollen tubes can penetrate ovary to micropylar end on the fifth day. callose plugs evenly formed in the pollen tube, and sometimes callus deposited randomly along pollen tube wall and even the whole tube wall. ( 5 ) 16 species of insects visited c. praecox in nanjing, belonging to hymenoptera, diptera, coleoptera, thysanoptera and spiders ( arachnoidea ) ; apis cerana cerana fabricius, aldrichina grahami ( aldrich ), epistrophe balteata de gee, musca hervei villeneuve are its main efficient pollinators

（ 5 ）南京地區蠟梅的訪問昆蟲約16種，分屬膜翅目hymenoptera 、雙翅目diptera 、鞘翅目coleoptera ，纓翅目thysanoptera 、及蛛形綱arachnoidea ，主要傳粉昆蟲有4種：膜翅目蜜蜂科東方蜜蜂中華亞種apisceranaceranafabricius 、雙翅目蠅科muscidae黑邊家蠅muscaherveivillcneuve 、麗蠅科calliphoridae巨尾阿麗蠅aldrichinagrahami （ aldrich ）及食蚜蠅科syrphidae黑帶食蚜蠅epistrophebalteatadegeer ；亮葉蠟梅的訪問昆蟲約18種，分屬鞘翅目coleoptera 、半翅目hemiptera 、纓翅目thysanoptera 、膜翅目hymenoptera 、雙翅目diptera 、鱗翅目lepidoptera ，另外有蛛形綱arachnoidea的蠟橄ch儷ononthuspr口ecox （ l

After the preliminary appraisal, 38 species of pollinators were caught on 22 kinds of nectar source plants, diptera and hymenoptera were the main pollinators

經初步鑒定，在22種蜜源植物上共捕捉38種訪花昆蟲，其中雙翅目、膜翅目為主要訪花尾蟲。

: standard specification for encarsia formosa gahan hymenoptera : aphelinidae

粉虱麗蚜小蜂gahan的標準規范

Notes on insects of hymenoptera in forest area from lishui, zhejiang, china

浙江省麗水林區膜翅目昆蟲記述

A new record genus and two new record species of ichneumonidae hymenoptera from china

無枝孢屬一新記錄種

Gene sequences used in phylogenetic study on chaldidoidea hymenoptera

基因序列在小蜂總科分子系統發育研究中的應用

The toxicity of several insecticides to the adults of diglyphus isaea hymenoptera : eulophidae

殺蟲劑對潛蠅姬小蜂成蟲的毒性

New records of braconid parasitoids ( hymenoptera ) from paddy field in china

記述稻田寄生蜂4中國新記錄種， 1中國大陸新記錄種

Insemination potential of male trichogramma ostriniae pang et chen hymenoptera : trichogrammatidae

玉米螟赤眼蜂雄性生殖力的研究

Advances in the studies of parasitoid diglyphus begini hymenoptera : eulophidae of leafminers liriomyza

斑潛蠅寄生蜂貝氏潛蠅姬小蜂的研究進展

Newly recorded the genus nyereria mason hymenoptera : braconidae : microgastrinae from china, with description of one species

萊氏繭蜂屬及一新記錄種

The major pollinators are tripidae and some other insects, which belong to hymenoptera and lepidoptera, respectively

兩物種是蟲媒異花授粉植物，無風媒傳粉機制。

Sulfur dioxide pollution contributes to outbreak of the sawfly diprion jingyuanensis xiao and zhang hymenoptera : diprionidae

二氧化硫污染對靖遠松葉蜂暴發的促進作用研究

In this paper, the ovarian development, oogenesis, vitellogenin molecular characteristic, vitellogenin synthesis and uptake, and vitellin degradation in nasonia vitripennis ( hymenoptera : pteromalidae ), are studied. the detailed results are shown as follows : 83 % of ovaries were found to be composed of eight ovarioles with four on each side and 17 % of ones to be composed of six ovarioles with three on each side. ovarioles appeared on the 10th day after parasitization, which were transpearant and had no egg chambers

為此，本論文就蠅類蛹期外寄生蜂? ?麗蠅蛹集金小蜂nasoniavitripennis （膜翅目：金小蜂科） ，卵巢發育、卵子發生，卵黃蛋白的分子特性，及卵黃原蛋白的合成、卵巢對卵黃原蛋白的攝取及卵子內卵黃磷蛋白的降解動態作了研究，結果如下：麗蠅蛹集金小蜂卵巢83由4對卵巢管組成， 17由3對卵巢管組成。

However, they have been studied in few species of hymenoptera parasitoids, especially, were undefined in ectoparasitic wasps

但是，就膜翅目昆蟲而言研究較少，關于膜翅目的寄生蜂則更少，且對寄生蜂是否擁有卵黃蛋白存有爭議。

Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映