indirect problem 中文意思是什麼
indirect problem
解釋
反問題-
At first, the author expatiates on the major function of constitution in the traditional german theory, then introduces the debate in this problem of the german scholars from the 1950 ’ s. after this, the author stresses the attitude of the federal constitutional court which points out the theory of indirect effect and the manner to apply the theory
在此部分，首先闡述了在德國傳統理論中，憲法基本權利條款的主要功能，隨后介紹了德國學界自上世紀50年代以來對此問題的爭議與討論，然後，重點介紹了德國聯邦憲法法院在此問題上所持的態度，指出權益平衡乃是憲法法院適用間接影響理論的實質方式。 -
It ’ s an important task for us to do some research and try to find approaches to solve the " bottleneck " problems. because of the defect in our nation ' s market system, indirect financing through banking is the main way for smes. so one effective way to cope with this problem is to establish credit guarantee system of smes
由於中小企業在競爭中處于相對弱勢地位，各國尤其是市場經濟發達的國家均對中小企業在政策上給予一定扶持，這其中最重要的措施就是建立和完善中小企業信用擔保制度，為中小企業和銀行等金融機構架起「橋梁」 。 -
The chapter 1 of this text make brief introduction of medium and small sized enterprises developping condition in our country, combining to analysis financing predicament of medium and small sized enterprises, point expatiate the problem of medium and small sized enterprises in our country, main proceeds with two aspects of direct financing and indirect financing elucidation : the mortgage guarantee loan to medium and small sized enterprises procedure complicacy, limit numerous, financing institution business operating of mechanism system restrict the credit input to the medium and small sized enterprises ; the medium and small sized enterprises lack the channel and place to < wp = 7 > proceeding ownership of a share in direct financing, lack bond financing credit, did not become the diverse capital market and so forth of a series of problem
本文第一章對我國中小企業發展狀況作了簡單介紹，並對我國中小企業融資困境進行了分析，重點闡述了我國中小企業融資中存在的問題，主要從間接融資和直接融資兩個方面進行說明：中小企業抵押擔保貸款程序復雜，限制繁多，金融機構商業化的經營機制制約了對中小企業的信貸投入；中小企業在直接融資中缺乏進行股權融資的渠道和場所，債券融資資信不足，未形成多樣化的資本市場等一系列問題。 < wp = 5 >本文第二章說明我國中小企業可以吸取國外的先進經驗，採取融資租賃的方式緩解中小企業融資難的問題。 -
As far as the system observation for accuracy evaluation of carrier rocket is concerned, there may exist different types of observed data and priors. heterogeneous information means that the different information describing the different characteristics of the same object. since all of the information is relevant to the same object, the fusion is possible. it is a key problem that how to fuse the heterogeneous information to obtain the better evaluation result. therefore, the different heterogeneous information and data is thoroughly studied, moreover, the mathematical description for information fusion of different parameter priors and data is constructed in this paper. based on their relationship between different parameters, indirect prior and observation data is transformed into prior in impact point observation space, which is fused with original prior by weight determined by maximum entropy rule to obtain the mixed posterior distribution. therefore, the test results can be given by combining posterior distribution and impact error observed data. then its application on evaluating guidance systematic error is elaborated as it applies trajectory tracking data, test value of coefficients of guidance instrumentation systematic error, impact point observation data and prior. especially, the advantage of this method lies in its application in case that guidance instrumentation systematic error may not be computed precisely. finally a detailed example on evaluation of carrier rocket is given to verify the theory
為充分利用運載火箭觀測中的不同觀測空間和過程的信息來進行精度評估，針對該背景建立了異質先驗融合的數學描述.研究了飛行試驗中不同觀測空間和過程的異質先驗信息和數據，基於不同觀測過程的解析關系，將間接過程的先驗和觀測數據算出的后驗分佈轉換成落點觀測空間上的先驗，與原落點的先驗進行了最大熵加權融合，得到混合后驗分佈，從而結合落點觀測數據給出評定結果.在無法解算出精確的制導工具誤差系數的情況下，這種方法充分利用了彈道跟蹤數據、工具誤差系數的地面測試先驗值、落點先驗及落點數據，穩健性更好，準確性更高 -
There were some inexpressible barriers for their direct or indirect financing activities, especially loan - applying from the banks. how to solve their financing problem and accelerate their development is a problem eagerly crying for settlement, which should deserve the attention of the economic circles and the government
但近年來其發展卻遭受日益嚴重的金融壓抑，中小企業無論是在直接融資還是在間接融資方面均存在障礙，在獲得銀行貸款方面的矛盾尤其突出，這一點應得到經濟界和政府的高度關注。 -
7. test mental quality and family factors have direct functions on academic record ; school factors, test mental problem and selfish factors have indirect functions on academic record
學校因素、自身因素和考試心理問題通過家庭因素對學業成績產生間接效應；考試心理問題和學校因素通過考試心理素質對學業成績產生間接效應。 -
On - line monitoring of hvcb is the precondition of predicting maintenance, is the key element of reliable run, and is the important supplement to the traditional off - line preventive maintenance in fact, the faults are made by hvcb, no matter in number or in times, is over 60 % of total faults so it has determinative importance for improving the reliability of power supply and this can greatly decrease the capital waste used by - dating overhaul in this paper, the inspecting way of hvcb mechanism characteristic is discussed the concept of sub - circuit protector is presented, the scheme that we offered has been combined with sub - circuit integrality monitoring theory, to ensure that it has the two functions as a whole according the shut - off times at rated short circuit given by hvcb manufacturer, the electricity longevity loss can be calculated in each operation, and the remained longevity can be forecast too an indirect way for calculating main touch ' s temperature by using breaker shell temperature, air circumference temperature and breaker ' s heat resistance is improved in this paper, and main touch resistance can be calculated if providing the load current msp430, a new single chip microcomputer made by ti company, is engaged to develop the hardware system of the on - line monitoring device, and special problem brought by the lower supply voltage range of this chip is considered fully
高壓斷路器所造成的事故無論是在次數，還是在事故所造成的停電時間上都占據總量60以上。因此，及時了解斷路器的工作狀態對提高供電可靠性有決定性意義；並可以大大減少盲目定期檢修帶來的資金浪費。本文論述了斷路器機械特性參數監測方法；提出了二次迴路保護器的概念，並將跳、合閘線圈完整性監視和二次迴路保護結合起來，給出具有完整性監視功能的二次迴路保護器實現方案；根據斷路器生產廠家提供的斷路器額定短路電流分斷次數，計算每次分閘對應的觸頭電壽命損耗，預測觸頭電壽命；提出根據斷路器殼體溫度和斷路器周圍空氣溫度結合斷路器熱阻來計算斷路器主觸頭穩態溫升的方法，並根據此時的負荷電流間接計算主觸頭迴路的電阻；在硬體電路設計上，採用美國ti公司最新推出的一種功能強大的單片機msp430 ，並充分考慮該晶元的適用電壓范圍給設計帶來的特殊問題；在通信模塊的設計中，解決了不同工作電壓晶元之間的介面問題，並給出了直接聯接的接線方案。 -
Another problem comes, that is the infrastructure of the whole criminal related disciplines. in the third part, the author used more than half amount of the paper to practice the methodology of trinity structure among the spheres of the disciplines on criminal facts, as well as the disciplines on criminal counter - measures, so as to show and prove the value of the theory. in the course, some new view - points or explanations about the related theories are involved, such as the criminal field theory, the two - stage criminal origin theory, the bilateral view of the victim ’ s consent, the victim ’ s fault theory, the social indirect harm responsibility as the theoretical foundation of national victim compensation, the criminal environment ’ s responsibility theory, and so on
在下篇中，筆者用了全文一半左右的篇幅對刑事三元結構進行了部分的展開，即運用刑事三元結構的理念對刑事事實學和刑事對策學中的諸多基本問題作了一番系統的梳理，提出了一些新觀點或新解說，如刑事場論、刑事根源層次論、被害者同意問題的雙向視角、被害者過錯論、刑事被害補償根據之社會間接危害責任說、刑事環境責任論、刑事對策三元論、刑事對策三層次論等，從而對刑事三元結構的理論價值作了一定程度的展示和映證。 -
To begin with, the paper put forward that indirect capital flows has made the chinese economic growth frictional. to resolve the problem, we have to take the advantage of securitization of capital flows
文章首先在比較直接資本流動和間接資本流動中，論述了中國間接資本流動對經濟增長帶來的諸多問題，這些問題也是中國改革的難題。 -
To address the regional air pollution problem, the environmental protection department ( epd ) of hong kong and the environmental protection bureau of guangdong province conducted a joint study on regional air quality during 1999 - 2002. the aim of the study is to analyse the relative significance of different industrial and commercial sources of pollution and their direct and indirect impacts on regional air quality so that air pollution control measures can be prioritised accordingly
為解決區域性的空氣污染問題，在一九九九年至二二年間，香港環保署聯同廣東省環保局進行了一項區域空氣質素研究，分析各工商業污染源頭的比重以及對區域空氣污染的直接和間接影響，以助訂立污染管制措施的優先次序。 -
These variables, which are key indictors of process performance, are normally determined by off - line sample analyses in the laboratory or using an on - line analyzer. product quality values calculated on - line by using indirect but readily variable measurements ( known as soft measurements ) have been considered as an efficient method to solve this problem
這是因為： （ 1 ）許多重要變量難于實時測量； （ 2 ）對每個生產過程變量設置測量儀表是非常不經濟的； （ 3 ）在線質量分析儀投資昂貴、難于維護、實時性差。 -
The research of pmv comfort control strategy is the key problem in realizing comfort control. different control strategies will produce different comfort and energy saving. in general, there are two different control strategies in comfort control as follows : direct method and indirect method
舒適控制的控制策略分為直接方式與間接方式兩種，直接法由於對控制演算法以及空調系統的測控設備要求較高，在實現上要比間接法要難一些但卻能更好地體現舒適控制的優越性。 -
On the basis of a united mixed media model including porous medium, equivalent continuum fracture medium and discrete fracture medium, the seepage parameter inverse problem about fracture rock masses is studied systematically and some effective measures are presented to decrease the ill - posed property and improve the reliability of parameter identification. the indirect method widely used in parameter identification fields is applied to solve the seepage parameter inverse problem
在此基礎上，本文採用包容多孔介質、多裂隙介質及離散裂隙介質的統一域混合模型，利用目前參數反演領域應用最為廣泛的間接法，首先針對裂隙巖體滲流場單場參數反問題進行了深入研究，主要目的是改善參數反問題的適定性以提高參數反演的可靠程度。 -
Conduct and perform to analyze both in direct material and indirect material usages report, labor efficiency report, overhead evaluation, finding the variance problem and raised to company management
編制並分析直接及間接原材料使用報告、人工效率報告，間接費用分析，發現問題的差異並上報至公司管理層。 -
In the third part, the author discusses the doctrine of indirect effect which solves the problem of the effect of basic law in the private realm
第三部分，探討德國理論中，解決憲法基本權利條款對私人適用問題的理論，即間接影響理論。 -
A indirect fiber - trigger system is adopted for high voltage thyristor vale, which solves the problem of high voltage insulation and improves the capability against interfering and the reliability of the control signal. the thyristor gate electronics is also designed
論文採用間接光纖觸發方式作為高壓晶閘管閥的觸發隔離系統，很好地解決了系統的高低壓隔離問題，大大提高了控制信號的傳輸抗干擾能力和可靠性，並設計了相應的晶閘管門極電子電路。
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