lower management 中文意思是什麼

lower management 解釋
基層管理
  • lower : adj 〈low 的比較級〉1 較低的。2 下級的，低級的。 lower animals 下等動物。3 南部的。 in lower Manh...
  • management : n. 1. 辦理，處理；管理，經營；經營力，經營手腕。2. 安排；妥善對待。3. 〈the management〉〈集合詞〉（工商企業）管理部門；董事會；廠方，資方。
  1. The barge boards have also been revised, with small fins at their lower edge ( centre arrow ) to improve airflow management under the car

    破風板也經過修改，工程師替他在下側加上了一個小鰭（中箭頭處） ，以增進對車底氣流的控制。
  2. When a company comes to its last stage, to disincorporate and liquidate the company orderly, safely, fairly, and effectively is important to protect the legal rights of the creditors, share holders, and other people relevant, to keep the economic order of the society, and to lower the management cost of the country

    作為公司法人資格存續的最後階段，能否有序、安全、公正、高效地進行解散和清算，對保護債權人、股東及利害關系人的合法利益，維護社會經濟秩序的流暢，降低國家管理成本，有重要意義。
  3. In the process of reform, it is inevitable to touch on the problem of state - owned assets management system, and people are further convinced the importance of property right management of state - owned enterprise, at the same time, they gradually realize it is not enough to be just with an eye to the reform of enterprises in delegating powers to lower levels and yielding profits, but the problems of inseparate powers of enterprises and government and conversion of enterprise operational system shall be solved completely

    黨的十四屆三中全會以來，我國國有企業進行了深化改革，在改革過程中不可避免地觸及國有資產管理體制問題，人們也進一步認識到國有資產產權管理的重要性。同時也逐漸認識到只著眼于企業放權讓利改革是不夠的，應當從根本上解決政企不分和企業經營機制轉換的問題。
  4. Nowadays, some irremissible problems exist in the subcontract project of chinese aviation enterprises, which are the imperfect organization, the behindhand technical standards, the lower manufacture, the ineffective management, the differences of ideas and enterprise cultures, and so on

    現階段，我國航空工業企業轉包生產存在著組織結構不完善，技術標準、技術水平及管理水平與國外航空企業差距較大，企業文化和觀念存在差異等諸多問題。
  5. This article contains three parts, five chapters. the first part introduces the incentive models of actual bonus stock synoptically, analyses the stock on hand, option shares and stock option, the three kind of important incentive models, on rights and incumbencies, value and the incentive guidance by contrast. the second part discusses the difficulties and influential factors in the design of technical bonus stock, quests for the incentive models of technical bonus stock, analyses superiority and inferior position in action, difference and interosculation between them, discusses the need and significance for the technical bonus stock reanimation in the middle - small technicalfilms. in order to make use of the technical bonus stock distribution mechanism fully, inspire the talent of technologists, encourage their devotion to films, we have some important discussion on the technical bonus stock distribution policy, introduce the distributed models of technical bonus stock, point out the questions in the excutive course, and offer the solution correspondingly. in the third part, we discuss the technical stock option design on middle - small technical films, and consider the logical thoughtfulness in the course of reanimation as follows : the more outstanding achievement for the powered man the more increase on special target the lower price on technical option premium the more profit the more effective reanimation. in the parameter, a set of detailed program is designed, which includes establishment of incentive fund, institution of merit system for the plan ' s grantors, award of stock option, determination of premium, so as to reduce random in the incentive course, have a great effect on the mormative management for the

    本文內容共分為五章三大部分，第一部分概括性地介紹了現行股權激勵方式，對現股、期股和期權這三種重要的激勵方式，從權利義務、價值和激勵導向三個方面進行了對比分析；第二部分探討了技術股權設計的難點和影響因素，討論了我國中小科技企業技術股權激勵的方式，分析它們在激勵中的優勢和不足，以及它們之間的區別與聯系，並對中小科技企業實施技術股權激勵的必要性和意義進行了探討。在文中還重點討論了中小科技企業技術股權分配的策略，介紹了技術股權紅利分配方式，指出在技術股權激勵過程中應注意的問題，並提出相應的解決辦法，目的在於充分利用技術股權分配機制，來激發技術人員潛在的創新能力，激勵他們為企業作貢獻；第三部分著重探討了中小科技企業技術股份期權的方案設計，在激勵方面，按照技術期權獲受人的業績越突出特定的指標增長越快行權價越低獲利越多激勵效果越好的邏輯思路進行考慮；在參數設計方面，對技術期權計劃中激勵基金、授予和考核、行權價格等參數進行了詳細地分析設計，旨在減少技術期權激勵過程中的隨意性，為中小科技企業的規范化管理起到一定的指導和借鑒作用。
  6. Some particular measures to be taken are as the followings : ( 1 ) to establish a uniform harmony mechanism in the river basin in order to have a general plan for wetland protection and utilization ; ( 2 ) to combine the existing protection districts according to lake drainage area and species distribution, and to construct new wetland protection region in order to solve problems in management districts ; ( 3 ) to develop wetland restoration and reconstruction ; ( 4 ) to carry out reforesting in formerly cultivated land and to construct shelter forest of the yangtze river in order to control soil erosion and to preserve the water resource ; ( 5 ) to protect and utilize reasonably the wetland resources in the middle and lower reaches of the yangtze river ; ( 6 ) to strengthen the research of wetland science

    具體可採取以下措施：在流域內建立統一協調機制，對流域濕地進行保護與合理利用，合理布局，統一規劃；按湖泊流域和物種分佈整合現有保護區，建立新的濕地保護區，解決目前管理上的制約問題；大力開展濕地修復重建；推進退耕還林、長江防護林等工程建設，發揮森林治理水土流失、涵養水源的作用；在保護的前提下科學合理地利用長江中下游濕地資源，開拓新的生產力；同時加強濕地科學研究。
  7. The main process of regional ecological risk assessment includes 5 stages : regional analysis, risk receptor selection, risk sources analysis, exposure and hazard analysis, and integrated risk assessment. arming at flood, drought, storm tide, petroleum pollution accident and flow breaking in the lower huanghe river, the probability and distribution of each kind of risk sources are evaluated. the authors bring forward indexes and formulas to measure hazarded degree and risk value of ecosystem. by using remote sensing data, historic record, survey data and by means of geographical information system, regional ecological risk assessment is finished. on the basis of assessment result, the environmental risk management countermeasure of the huanghe river delta is advanced

    以黃河三角洲為例進行了區域生態風險評價理論和方法的探討。針對黃河三角洲主要生態風險源洪澇乾旱風暴潮災害油田污染事故以及黃河斷流的概率進行了分級評價並提出度量生態損失與生態風險的指標和公式，分析了風險源的危害作用運用遙感資料歷史記錄調查數據和地理信息系統gis技術，完成了區域生態風險綜合評價在此基礎上提出黃河三角洲的區域生態風險管理對策。
  8. Because the monitoring of electricity equipment is still in the condition of traditional prophylactic test ( monitoring off line ), wordage list and management method of handwork operation, to strengthen the real - time monitoring of the operation state of electricity equipment ( monitoring on line ), find out the anomaly of equipment, monitor and analysis the fault, then take a corresponding measures to lower the fault loss so that we can make the transition between the regulations of periodic repairing equipment and the regulations of reasonable state repair, is the work which the department of power supply and operation make much of

    針對對現有電氣設備的監測大都還處于傳統的預防性試驗（離線監測） 、文字報表、手工操作的管理方式的現狀，加強對電力設備的運行狀態進行實時的監測（在線監測） ，及時發現設備的異常徵兆、對故障進行診斷分析，並採取相應措施，把故障損失降低到最低水平，進而將目前實行的設備定期檢修制過渡到更為合理的狀態檢修制，一直是供電和運行部門十分重視的工作。
  9. Implement various activities such as research on the use of catechins to lower the dose of antibiotics in animal fodder, thorough hygiene management at stockbreeding sites, and the recording and providing of livestock production information

    全面執行各項行動，例如研究利用兒茶酚，降低動物飼料中的抗生素劑量，對養殖場實施全面的衛生管理，以及記錄並提供牲畜生產信息。
  10. There are many aims for the transnational corporation to adopt the transfer price, but the most important one is to lower the total tax burdens of the company. even if it is not aimed to avoid tax but to pursue a certain management strategy, this behavior objectively results in the evasion of tax - paying obligation. this is a non - tax - oriented avoidance of tax

    跨國公司採用轉移定價的目的有很多，但主要還是為了降低公司總稅負，即使有時候跨國公司實行轉移定價不是為了逃避稅收，而是為了謀求一定的經營管理策略，但其行為在客觀上仍然導致了規避我國納稅義務的結果，這是一種非稅務動機的避稅。
  11. Sign quickly the agreement of loan project between leagues and counties, use quickly the loan fund, know how much counterpart fund in lower level ; distribute quickly the materials such as x - ray film and so on ， implement free diagnosis ， distribute the reporting fee and case management fee

    市縣之間盡快簽署貸款協議，盡快使用貸款經費，明確配套經費的額度，及時發放報病費和病人管理費：盡快下發省級采購物資，實施免費檢查；發放抱病費和病人管理費。
  12. Our country still has no the specialized financing institution to loan to the medium and small enterprises. in addition, after the commercial bank system reform, grass - roots bans have no enough right to loan to the medium and small enterprises ; alter practicing asset - debt comparison management, the comparison of saving and loan made from higher class to lower class. the gap of loan supply increased remarkably

    從深層原因看：一是供應不足，我國尚無專門為中小企業貸款的金融機構，加之商業銀行體制改革后，權限上收，以中小企業為放貸對象的基層銀行有責無權，有心無力；實行資產負債比例管理后，逐級下達「存貸比例」 ，貸款供應缺口明顯加大。
  13. This thesis firstly discuss that the problems of quality management of dalian locomotive manufacturing works under the situation of market economy after reviewing the actuality of its quality management, in allusion to the key elements which give great impact on the core competitive ability of the enterprise, such as the shorter r & d period, the higher quality level, the lower cost level, etc. the further analysis discuss that the problems in quality management of the works, after combine with the feature of the works

    首先，本文在回顧大連機車廠質量管理現狀的基礎上，引出市場經濟下該廠質量管理存在的問題，圍繞短周期、高質量、低成本這幾個影響企業核心競爭能力的因素，結合該企業的特點進行研究后，對目前該企業質量管理存在的一些問題進行深入分析。其次，本文在對質量管理理論進行研究的基礎上，提出機車製造企業貫徹全面預防的原則、以數據說明問題以及質量管理永續改進的理念。
  14. These technologies make the high availability and lower management cost possible

    綜合利用這些技術，可以實現系統高可用性和自我管理，大大降低系統的總擁有成本。
  15. The last chapter is the summarize of the whole paper and give some advice to the project. the research of port handling system is now generally focus on general cargo and bulk cargo. the scarce of the chemical handling ports, small scale, lower management and technology, complex special chemical knowledge make the researches and references in this facet scarcely, as the largest scale of chemical handling area in china, the research of zhenhai chemical handling district is advanced and representative

    目前國內對于港口裝卸工藝及其布局的研究主要集中在件雜貨和干散貨的裝卸工藝布局的研究上，由於國內從事液化品裝卸的港口還不是很多，大部分規模較小且技術上和管理上較為落後，且研究的專業性很強，因此對液體化工裝卸工藝的研究及相關的參考文獻很少，同時由於寧波港鎮海液體化工作業區是目前國內最大的液化品中轉基地，因此本文的研究具有一定的前沿性和參考價值。
  16. As a result, effectiveness of middle - level and lower management can manifest effectiveness of top management. seventy - six factors are found through studying twelve leadership theories and definitions of leadership effectiveness in 237 relevant literatures. the measurement scales are made up of factor

    論文以十幾年的企業跟蹤資料為基礎，通過大量文獻探討與案例分析研究，建構了一個能綜合反映變革中領導風格與領導效能間關系的動態模型，並檢驗各構面間關聯程度。
  17. Leaders need to get things well done through managers " efforts. scale b measures effectiveness of middle - level and lower management

    並將當年的企業管理情境與領導行為測量數據與幾年後或變革成功后的數據作比較研究。
  18. It also reveals that the practical motivation or superficial motivation of aircraft maintenance personnel who are of different ages, positions, education and working years is significantly different, however, the difference of two kinds of learning strategy is not significant. the employees whose age is below 25 are more likely to adopt motivation than those whose age is between 26 and 35. working staff are more likely to adopt practical motivation than those who are lower management

    年齡在25歲以下的員工在實用型學習動機水平上優於26歲? 35歲的員工，二者存在顯著差異；普通員工和基層管理人員在實用型學習動機和應付型學習動機上存在顯著差異，普通員工的實用型動機強于基層管理人員，而在應用型動機水平上弱於基層管理人員；中專以下學歷的員工在實用型學習動機水平上優于大專以上學歷的員工；工齡在6 ? 10年之間的員工的應付型學習動機優于工齡在5年以下的員工，而與具有11年以上工齡的員工差異不顯著。
  19. Starting with the basic concept of intermediary business, this thesis analyses some basic characters of its service range, cost risk, watching and controlling, and technique requirement. then it expounds the current significance of developing intermediate banking business in respects of expounding living space, getting used to the competition of market, accelerating progress and consummating service function to a state owned commercial bank. then it analysis the situation and environment of the state owned commercial banks " intermediate business, and summarizes the outstanding problems and their reasons when state owned banks develop their intermediate business, such as business range limited, service level lower, management system not sturdy and specialized staffs lacked

    本文從分析中間業務的基本概念入手，分析了中間業務在服務范圍、成本風險、監管控制、技術要求等方面的基本特徵，闡述了拓展中間業務在拓展生存空間、適應市場競爭、加快國際化進程、完善金融服務職能等方面對國有商業銀行的現實意義，分析了國有商業銀行中間業務發展狀況與環境，總結了國有商業銀行中間業務發展過程中出現的業務范圍狹窄、服務檔次低下、管理機制不健全、專業人才缺乏等突出問題及其原因。
  20. The creation of technology shortened the time of the escalation of the industry, globalization strategy sharpened the competitive in the same space. and most of the private - run enterprises in our country are small and divided separately and have lower management level. and most of their products have low quality and less technology content and their credit are not good also

    入世后，企業的生存時空發生了巨大變化，技術創新使產業升級的時間縮短，全球化使同一空間里的競爭加劇，而我國的民營企業普遍存在規模小而散，管理水平低，產品質量差，技術含量低，信用缺失等問題，在國際競爭中處於十分不利的地位。
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