negative income effect 中文意思是什麼
negative income effect
解釋
負所得效果-
Although the problems with the supply is one factor that effect the domestic demand, the excessive decentralization of social purchasing power has a great negative influence on domestic demand. early in 1998, the geni coefficiency had exceeded the security line of 0. 4, which indicated that there were serious inequity in income distribution
供給滯后雖說是影響內需的重要原因之一，但社會購買力的過渡分散也對啟動內需起了很大的負面作用，我國早在98年，表徵收入分配差距狀況的基尼系數就已經突破了0 . 4的警戒線。 -
The empirical results show that the compensation on rice production, rice revenues, and level of rent all had a negative effect on the long - term ratio of rice production adjustment while the ratio of agricultural income had a positive effect
實證結果顯示：稻作補貼、稻作收入、和地租對長期稻米生產調整比率均有負面的影響；農業所得率則有正面影響。 -
Inflation is an economic phenomenon, arid once inflation occurs, it may have some negative influences on economic life, including effect on government taxation, which makes government taxes on income, goods and savings have the effect of inflation, and changes the situation of tax distribution
摘要通貨膨脹是一種經濟現象，一旦通貨膨脹發生，它會對經濟生活產生多方面的消極影響，對政府稅收產生多重效應，使政府的所得課稅、產品課稅、儲蓄課稅等，都會產生通貨膨脹效應，導致稅收分配格局的改變。 -
Weather the income tax influence on saving behavior is positive or negative depends on the net effect of income effect and substitute effect resulted by the tax saving
所得稅對儲蓄行為的影響是積極的還是消極的，取決于稅收儲蓄的收入效應與替代效應的相對大小。 -
Executive compensation has attracted much attention from domestic economists yet no same conclusions are drawn. while making theoretical analysis and model studying, we provide empirical evidence on relation of executive pay - performance using data on china listed companies from 1998 to 2004. main conclusions are : that executive monetary compensation increase at much larger rapidity than that of firm performance improvement ; that management tend to improve performance measures closely related to their private income and ignore firm ’ s long - term development ; that keeping authority stable may help improve performance and alter of authority has a negative effect, but chairman of the board and ceo ’ s inner promotion or deployment from outside may impose influence in different direction and extent
本文在理論探討和模型分析的基礎上，對我國上市公司1998 - 2004年度管理層激勵與經營績效關系進行實證研究，得到的主要結論是:上市公司管理層貨幣報酬的增長幅度遠遠大於經營績效提高的幅度;管理層偏向于提高與自身收入密切相關的績效指標，而忽略公司的長期和全面發展;保持控制權穩定有助於改善經營績效，控制權的變更總體上會導致經營績效的下降，但是董事長和總經理由內部晉升和從外部調入對經營績效會產生不同方向和程度的影響。 -
In the plan economics period, policymaker were usually fond of raising money greedily and detailed without considering cost and benefit and made investing and circulating funds repeated and lower benefit even negative benefit, which leaded to the current result of income falling short of expenditure and accumulated debts and an inferior using effect of society funds
在計劃經濟年代，企業決策者往往不講效益地籌措資金進行低效益甚至負效益的投融資，結果是企業入不敷出，債務累累，社會資金利用效果極差。 -
The results show : 1 ) the swb of the vulnerable women group in shanghai is at a relatively low level in whole, and the attention should be attached to their mental health ; and 2 ) there exists a significantly negative relationship between the neuroticism ( epq - n ) and swb, whereas the extroversion ( epq - e ) and self - esteem are positively related to swb. meanwhile, different personality traits have different effect on distinguished aspects of swb. among the objective factors, family income and self - reported health make the most powerful predictors of the affect state and life satisfaction
（ 2 ）弱勢婦女的主觀幸福感受到人格及某些客觀因素的影響：人格特質中的神經質與主觀幸福感負相關，外向性和自尊則與主觀幸福感正相關，並且不同的人格特質對主觀幸福感的不同側面影響力不同；客觀因素中，家庭收入和健康自評對其情感和生活滿意度均影響最大，婚姻質量、醫療負擔、社會支持、負性生活事件、為子女操心、就業情況、婚姻狀況及職業等因素都對她們主觀幸福感的不同方面有不同程度的顯著影響。 -
The passage analyze the negative effect of migration on the income gap, describe the motivations, constraints and characteristics of migration, then analyze the discrimination on migrants in urban labor market and other aspects in a political economy approach. we find and criticize the reasons that urban interest groups discriminate the migrant in the neoclassical growth theory and public expenditure theory approach. the resistance of migration changes from non - historical normal institutions ( such as huko system ) to historical abnormal institutions ( such as employment discrimination )
本文分析了人口流動對我國城鄉收入差異的消極影響，描述了我國人口流動的動機、限制條件以及特點，並給出了流動人口在城市勞動力市場及其它方面遭到歧視的政治經濟學分析，我們從新古典增長理論和公共支出理論給出了城市利益集團歧視農村流動人口的理由，並對此進行了批判;指出人口流動的阻力從非歷史性的正式制度（戶籍制度）向歷史性非正式制度（就業歧視）的演進。 -
First, the article analyzed and summarized the process income distribution change, elaborate the concrete performance, characteristic, development trend of income distribution in our country, analyzed the negative influence of income distribution gap expanding, because of the tax system and tax policy did not go effect, and emphasized the importance of tax adjustment and control ; second, analyze revenue from tax to adjust the fulfillment process of control the income allotment in our country, elaborate the main and self - contradict and existent key problem that control the income allotment by qualitative way. on this foundation, appraised effect of the adjustment and control of tax go income distribution, give some reasons from many angle for the weaken function of tax
首先對我國收入分配實踐演變歷程進行分析與總結，闡述我國收入分配差距的具體表現、特徵以及發展趨勢，從收入分配差距擴大的根源分析中探討由於稅收制度與政策調控不力，對收入分配狀況惡化帶來的負面影響，並提出增強稅收調控收入分配效應的重要性;其次，分析我國稅收調控收入分配的實踐歷程，對我國稅收調控收入分配面臨的主要矛盾和存在的主要問題予以定性分析和闡述;在此基礎上，對我國稅收調控收入分配效應作出定量分析與評價，並針對我國稅收調控收入分配效應弱化問題，進行多角度的原因分析;最後，對我國稅收調控收入分配的對策，提出全方位重建構想。 -
It should be noted that the inefficient residential deposit and high - level financial deepening caused but bad loan must be costly. apart from the negative effect to residential income growth, the bad loan problem became an obstacle of bankir em reform
值得注意的是，在低效率配置下的居民儲蓄和不良貸款所引起的相當高的中國金融深化一定有代價，除了對居民收入增長產生負面效應以外，不良貸款問題成為銀行體系改革的障礙。 -
Based on this analysis, the author has the new balanced growth path equation including the variable of rate of population aging. using the new balanced growth path equation, the author proves that acre are both positive and negative effects of population aging on economic growth ; meanwhile the author proves that there is a state in which the effect of population aging on economic growth is zero, regard as critical condition. then the author analyzes the effects of changing the rate of population aging on balanced growth path, output, and labor ' s consumption, and gets the different formulas of standard coefficient of retirements income
在此基礎上推導出包含老齡化因素變量在內的新經濟平衡增長路徑方程；利用新經濟平衡增長路徑方程，證明了老齡化對經濟增長在理論上存在著正負兩方面的作用效應；同時證明了在理論上存在著老齡化因素對經濟增長零作用效應的臨界狀態；分析了老齡化率變動對經濟平衡增長路徑、產出和勞動力消費的影響效應；並給山了養老標準系數的不同臨界點的計算公式。
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