opportunity cost 中文意思是什麼

opportunity cost 解釋
的那部分，在
  • opportunity : n 機會，好機會；〈罕用語〉湊巧，方便。 a good [favourable] opportunity 好機會，良機。 afford [fin...
  • cost : n 1 費用；代價，價格；成本。2 犧牲；損害，損失。3 〈pl 〉訟費。vt （cost; cost）1 值，要價（苦幹...
  1. The real cost approach has been largely superseded by the opportunity cost approach to international trade.

    實際成本說已基本上為國際貿易的機會成本說所取代。
  2. The paper analyses the confusion in the concept of concerning cost in accounting and economics. it redefines the concept of accounting cost, comparing with opportunity cost, in order to better understand and handle accounting cost and opportunity cost

    分析了會計學和經濟學中有關「成本」概念的困惑，重新定義了「會計成本」 ，並把它和「機會成本」作比較，以便更好地理解運用會計成本和機會成本。
  3. Muc is furtherly defined as intergenerational opportunity cost under sustainability context and the concept of relative value is built up to analyze its dynamic character. in the neoclassic growrh with the invariable substitution of resource for capital, the formulation of this relative value is deduced. for mpc, hotelling model is used to illuminate the relation between the change of mpc and the impossibilities of sustainable use of energy resources ; for mec, an optimal growth model with exhaustible energy resources and environment pollution is employed to calculate the optimal environment

    在可持續發展的條件下，將能源資源的邊際使用者成本進一步定義為代際機會成本，並建立相對價值的概念用於分析代際機會成本的動態變化，基於一個資本與資源存在確定替代關系的新古典經濟體系推導這種相對價值的表達式;在傳統的霍特林準則的基礎上，分析了邊際生產成本變化對資源可持續利用的影響;運用一個帶有資源與環境約束的最優增長模型，推導了邊際環境成本內部化的最優環境稅，並分析了這種稅收政策在實踐中的應用。
  4. The illegal private cost, which can be divided into the inevitable cost and possible cost, is the inevitable or possible consumption and opportunity cost of the lawbreakers

    違法私人成本是違法者應當或可能支出的資源耗費和時機損失，它由必然性成本和可能性成本構成。
  5. Main conclusions ( 1 ) the shadow prices of agriculture production factors could be calculated by using stochastic frontier production function and marginal productivity theory without the factors market ; ( 2 ) the real production cost of agriculture production could be acquired by using the opportunity cost of factors to account the benefit - cost of agriculture products ; ( 3 ) the marginal benefit of the agriculture production factors could be regarded as referent standard to weigh the amounts that government at the basic level and countryside committee take fees from farmers

    本文的主要研究結論為：利用隨機前沿生產函數技術和要素邊際生產力理論，在沒有重要農業生產要素市場的情況下，有可能測算要素影子價格；使用機會成本概念作為農產品成本收益核算的計價基礎，可以獲得農產品的完全生產成本；農業生產要素的邊際收益可以作為衡量基層政府和村集體向農民收取費用合理幅度的一種參照物。
  6. To avoid such situation, the author anal size pro - poor tourism with the concept of opportunity cost threading all through the thesis

    之後，繼續對旅遊扶貧的環境和社會機會成本進行論述，得出要可持續發展旅遊扶貧必須關注環境和社會效應。
  7. In other words, there must be a threshold beyond which the opportunity cost starts to affect the bottom line and attracts the serious attention of the banks

    換句話說，當結算帳戶結餘達到某個水平時，有關的機會成本就會開始影響到銀行的盈虧，令銀行要認真研究如何處理這個問題。
  8. In estimating eva, when it is zero or more, it means the capital return exceeds the investment ' s opportunity cost. and then it can be found out whether managers perform well enough to create the value added that the shareholders expect. to evaluate managers " performance and figure out the rewards, the board of directors should establish performance standards firstly - the eva objectives

    Eva能將股東資本的保值增值要求與經理人的經營結果巧妙地結合起來，能將企業經營利潤中股東資本所作出的貢獻與經理人智力資本所作出的貢獻巧妙地區分開來，能客觀合理地反映經理人的智力資本為企業創造的價值和股東獲取超額利潤的水平。
  9. From the viewpoint of method, the first step is to determine the available investment options or opportunity set of the locations of crude oil tankers zone involving some six representative factors such as the unit engineering expense, unit operating cost, constructing period, the location land features, unit constructing engineering amount, unit land opportunity cost. these factors stem from the economic, societal and environmental regulations and rules. the second step is to specify how to choose among these available options

    從方法上來看，首先確定以單位工程造價、單位運行成本、建設期、地形特徵、單位土建工程量、單位土地機會成本等六個綜合經濟、社會及環境指標為代表的原油罐區方案決策目標集，其次制定桃園、西山、填海三個決策待選方案，然後建立基於優先關系的相對優屬度矩陣及各影響因素的權重集，從而進行模糊動態規劃評價，最後優選出最佳的桃園方案。
  10. The available wrv models such as shadow price model, marginal opportunity cost model, reproduction model, income present value model and supply - demand price model are introduced, and their principle, applicability, merits and demerits are analysed. and then, this paper discusses various factors which may have influence on wrv. finally, this paper establishes the fuzzy model of wrv

    指出現有的影子價格模型，邊際機會成本價格模型，再生產模型，收益現值模型，供求定價模型等水資源價值模型各自的模型原理、適用性及其優缺點，然後在此基礎上論述有關因素對水資源價值的影響，指出水資源價值的模糊屬性，構建了水資源價值模糊數學模型。
  11. In consideration of the characteristics of ecological environment water supply, the opportunity cost method is adopted to calculate its shadow price, and a method is put forward for calculating the economic benefit of ecological environment water supply on the basis of the economic benefit from agricultural irrigation based on the level of guarantee of water supply to water consumption departments on the lower reaches of rivers

    摘要針對生態環境供水的特點，採用機會成本法分析生態環境供水經濟效益並計算其影子價格；並根據河流下游各用水部門供水保證程度，提出藉助農業灌溉經濟效益計算生態環境供水經濟效益的方法。
  12. Thirdly, it discussed the application of the marginal opportunity cost ( moc ) pricing model on water pricing, and then evaluated the feasibility of the model, taking the water pricing of qingzhen city as the example and the result indicated that the water price is 2. 389, 2. 218, 2. 072, 2. 024, 1. 987yuan per cubic meter at the discount rate of 3 %, 5 %, 8 %, 10 %, 15 % respectively

    然後，在古典資源價格理論與現代西方經濟學資源價格理論的比較研究基礎上，運用moc模型對水資源價格進行了研究。在moc模型中，分析了水價的各個組成部分及其計算方法，最後以清鎮市為例，運用moc模型對清鎮市水資源價格進行計算和分析。
  13. For a company, after - tax earnings minus the opportunity cost of capital

    對一家公司而言，經濟增加值等於稅后收益減資本金的機會成本。
  14. In this connection, we note that many branch post offices are occupying valuable government premises at prime location, involving a high economic opportunity cost

    就此，委員會注意到很多郵政分局均設置在位於黃金地段的政府大樓內，當中涉及的經濟機會成本很高。
  15. This paper take comprehensive development project - " enrich farmers through water conservancy ( eftwc project ) " in pinggu district, beijing as an example or research area, to built up indexes system for evaluating such projects based on the analysis of the project ' s functions ; to evaluate the effects of eftwc project on the development of agricultural economy in research area with statistic analysis method, such as the theory of gray system and regression analysis method. the key points of this paper are focused on as following aspects : ( 1 ) the value of eco - environmental benefits of eftwc project in pinggu district is evaluated based on utility value theory and environmental economic methods such as equivalent substitution approach, opportunity cost approach, and replacement cost ap proach ; ( 2 ) the economic effects on investment are appraised with both static and dynamic cost - benefit analysis methods ; and ( 3 ) the effects of the eftwc project on the economy and society sustainability in research area are evaluated synthetically from three aspects : society development ability, economy development ability and resources and environmental capacity

    本文以北京市平谷區水利富民綜合開發工程為例，在分析了水利富民綜合開發工程功能的基礎上，建立了水利富民綜合開發工程效益價值評估的指標體系；用灰色系統理論、回歸分析等統計分析方法進行了水利富民綜合開發工程對平谷區農業經濟發展的影響評價；重點以效用價值論為理論依據，用等效替代法、機會成本法和重置成本法（恢復費用法）等環境經濟學方法，對平谷區水利富民綜合開發工程生態環境效益價值進行了評估；採用靜態和動態費用效益分析法進行了水利富民綜合開發工程投資經濟效果分析；最後從社會發展能力、經濟發展能力和資源環境承載能力3個方面進行了水利富民綜合開發工程對平谷區經濟社會可持續發展能力的綜合影響評價。
  16. Opportunity cost is best defined with the help of a question

    給機會成本下定義最好從問題入手。
  17. The target of financial management ( fm ) is to achieve maximum value of enterprise is made definite, after anaiyzing all kinds of financial relationships. the essence of organization institution for modern enterprise system is agency by agreement, which can operate perfectly under the conditions of perfect encouragement & engagement rules, so the core of the encouragement & engagement rules for new fmm is to establish distribution regulations. there are many measures can be taken availably, such as budgeting, project cost management etc. and many new concepts of advanced management are worth being adapted, for instance, opportunity - cost, cost - benefit, legal knowledge, and so fbrth

    新的財務管理模式運行的環境是現代企業制度下的國際工程公司，現代企業制度最基本的要求是產權清晰，鑒于本院是知識技術密集型企業，引入了人力資本觀念，完善和充實產權清晰的內容；在分析了企業的各種財務關系后，明確提出財務管理目標?企業價值最大化；現代企業制度的組織制度的實質是委託代理關系，委託代理關系的有效運作依靠完善的激勵約束機制，以此為指導，新的財務管理模式建立起以分配製度為核心的激勵約束機制；充分吸收先進的管理觀念，如成本效益觀念、資金的時間價值觀念、法制觀念，運用先進的方法，如全面預算管理、項目成本管理等，來全面提高財務管理的水平；財務管理體制是財務管理模式運轉的組織保障；按照本院的業務特點，將業務分類，設置了相應的組織機構。
  18. The former reflected a low opportunity cost of holding non - interest bearing monetary assets and an increase in cash demand from mainland tourists

    狹義貨幣增長，是因為持有不計息貨幣資產的機會成本偏低，以及內地遊客增加令現金需求上升。
  19. The strong growth of the narrow money reflected in part a low opportunity cost of holding non - interest bearing monetary assets as well as an increase in cash demand associated with a rising number of tourists from the mainland

    港元狹義貨幣增長強勁，部分原因是持有無息貨幣資產的機會成本偏低，以及內地來港旅客數目日增，令現金需求上升。
  20. Fourthly, it discussed the application of the model mar ginal opportunity cost ( moc ) on water pricing, and at the same time, it estimated the composing elements : marginal production cost ( mfc ), marginal user cost ( muc ), and marginal environmental cost ( mec ), and then evaluated the feasibility of the model, taking the water pricing of chibi city as the example

    第五章重點論述邊際機會成本定價模型在水資源定價中的應用，與此同時，對構成要素即邊際生產者成本、邊際使用者成本、邊際環境成本進行了估算和評價；並以赤壁市水價為例，分析邊際機會成本定價模型的準確性及可操作性。
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