paper credit system 中文意思是什麼
paper credit system
解釋
證券信用制-
The paper indicates that, on the premise of the reform of property rights, the choice of modes of establishing a healthy credit system in china should follow the way of marketing. therefore a lot of work remains to be done such as opening credit inquiry data, founding the data base, establishing a scientific credit rating system, forming a credit punitive mechanism, etc. the bank should also play its role in the establishment by perfecting the existing credit management system, forming an effective credit risk precaution mechanism, and carrying out the work of interior credit rating
關於我國信用制度的具體建設，研究表明：在產權改革的前提下，我國信用制度建設的模式選擇應走市場化的道路，必須做好開放徵信數據、建立數據庫、制定科學的評級指標體系、建立失信懲罰機制等多方面工作，並且要完善銀行現有的信貸管理體制，建立有效的銀行信用風險防範機制，開展銀行內部資信評級工作，發揮銀行的作用。 -
Through investigation and analysis of the academic library reader requirements under the credit system, this paper points out the challenge that the credit system form to the academic library, and responds adoptable and reformable approach
摘要本文通過在學分制實施下高校圖書館讀者閱讀現狀調查分析，得出高校實行學分制教學制度對圖書館形成的嚴重挑戰，提出了應採取的對策和進行改革的途徑。 -
The reform of highway construction management system is the requirements of establish the socialist market system and entering the wto. besides, it is essential to the development of highway construction and promoting the national economy and social development. based on the background of the national politics and economy system reform and analysis the problems in highway construction management, through research the organs, regulations, project management and financial systems in usa, uk, france, germany and etc., the paper described the necessity and importance of the reform from the view of economy globalization and put forward the reform ideas and contents as follows : transfer the power and duty which belong to the market scope ; enforce the laws and regulations and reinforcement ; establish the engineering sponsion and guarantee system ; build the highway construction market credit system by strengthening administration and supervision
本文基於國家政治和經濟體制改革的宏觀背景，全面分析了我國公路建設管理體制中存在的問題，從國際經濟一體化和建立社會主義市場經濟體制的視角，闡述了改革的必要性和重要性，在分析研究了美國、英國、法國、日本、德國、丹麥等國家的交通管理機構設置、制度安排、項目管理和投融資體系的基礎上，對如何改革我國的公路建設管理體制進行了較深的研究和探索，提出了改革的基本思路和主要內容，即要按照責權一致的原則，轉變管理職能；按照依法行政的要求，完善法規，加強執法；適應國家投融資體制改革需要，擴大公路建設融資渠道；按照質量、效益的原則，建立科學的工程保證擔保體系；加強建設市場管理，建立公路建設市場的信用體系。 -
This paper from the actual situation has analyzed the integer status of our banking, and mostly discussed the superior and inferior of the nation owned single proprietorship bank of commerce of our country after we joined wto, and sums up that the nation owned single proprietorship bank of commerce of our country should take reforms in the finance system, pattern of management, and strengthen the credit risk management, expand retailing positively and construct the networking bank such as positive effective countermeasure so as to compete with the foreign banks
該項研究，從實際出發，充分論述和分析我國銀行業的整體狀況，通過重點論述加入wto后，我國國有獨資商業銀行在競爭中具有的優、劣勢分析，總結出我國國有獨資商業銀行作為我國銀行業主體應該在金融體制改革、經營模式轉換，加強信貸風險管理，積極發展零售業務，構建網路銀行等方面，採取積極有效對策，同外資銀行進行競爭。 -
The essay raises that the focal point of chinese financial system reform should be to develop and perfect money market. on the base of analyzing both general functions of the market and special functions that the development of the market has influenced on chinese economy and finance, it objectively analyzes the current situation and outstanding problems of the market and advances major solutions to perfect the market, which is, with the premise of constructing credit bases of the market development and with the central task of raising the market efficiency, to perfect short - term bonds market ( including the repo market ) and commercial paper market, and to deepen policy functions of the market, for the sake of a stable and orderly market with substantial scale, united market organization, efficient clearing < wp = 5 > system, reasonable interest rate system, perfect medium organization and effective market supervision
本文認為，目前中國金融體制改革的重點應是發展和完善貨幣市場。本文在認真分析貨幣市場的一般功效以及貨幣市場的發展對中國經濟金融發展和改革的功效的基礎上，客觀分析了中國貨幣市場的發展現狀以及存在的突出問題，並提出完善中國貨幣市場的基本思路，那就是：以建設中國貨幣市場發展的信用基礎為前提，以提高中國貨幣市場的效率為主旨，完善同業拆借市場、債券市場和票據市場，深化貨幣市場的政策功能，其目標是把中國貨幣市場建成一個具備相當的規模、統一的市場組織、高效的清算系統、合理的利率體系、完善的中介組織以及有效的市場監管的穩定有序的貨幣市場。 -
This paper compares the development circumstances and status between foreign and domestic consumer credit business, introduces relevant foreign experience and puts forward suggestions and solutions in the followings including : improving the domestic circumstances, strengthening the analysis and marketing of the consumer credit market, building individual credit system, improving efficiency with better service, and controlling credit risks
本文通過比較分析國內外消費信貸的發展環境、發展狀況，借鑒國外相關經驗，從改善國內消費信貸開展的環境；加強對消費信貸市場的研究分析和營銷工作；加強個人信用制度建設；發揮科技優勢，提高工作效率，提供優質服務；防範和轉移消費信貸風險等方面提出了若干發展我國消費信貸的建議和措施。 -
This paper starts from the points of both theory and practice to analyze value - creation - based business credit management system
本文從理論和實踐角度分析研究了基於價值創造的企業信用管理。 -
The content of this paper is arranged as foll owing : chapter 1 introduces the concept of credit, credit risk and credit assessment, as well as the history and development of credit assessment ; chapter 2 introduces the history of ai technology, and the background of expert system and neural network. characters and disadvantages of expert system and neural network are presented respectively and the necessity of combining expert system and neural network is lightened ; chapter 3 shows the process of dealing with sample data, including the treatment of exceptional data and factor analysis, and puts forward the concrete framework of the mixed - expert credit assessment system ; chapter 4 introduces concept of object - oriented technology, and constructs object model and functional model after analyzing the whole system. it also illustrates the implementation of concrete classes by an example of rule class and the inference algorithm in the form of pseudocode ; chapter 5 introduces the structure of the whole system, the major functional models and their interfaces, and the characteristic of the system is also generalized ; chapter 6 summarizes the whole work, and points out the remaining deficiencies as well as the prospective of this method
本文具體內容安排如下：第一章介紹了信用、信用風險、信用評價的概念，回顧了信用評價的歷史、發展和現狀，並綜合各種信用評價模型，指出這些模型各自的優缺點：第二章簡單描述了人工智慧技術，著重介紹有關專家系統與神經網路的基礎知識，通過總結它們的優缺點，指出結合專家系統與神經網路構造混合型專家系統的必要性；本章還介紹了神經網路子模塊的概念，提出了混合型專家系統的一般框架與設計步驟：第三章對樣本數據進行處理，包括異常數據的剔除、因子分析等，提出了信用評價混合型專家系統的具體框架結構，介紹了系統知識庫的主要部分、基於優先級的正向推理機制的流程、以及基於事實的自動解釋機制的具體實現方法；第四章介紹了面向對象技術，進而採用面向對象對信用評價系統進行分析，建立了對象模型和功能模型，並在此基礎上，採用c + +語言以規則類為例說明系統中具體類的實現，用偽代碼的形式描述了推理的演算法；第五章描述了整個系統的結構，對系統主要功能模塊和界面進行了介紹，並總結系統的特點；第六章總結了全文，指出本文所構造系統存在的不足以及對將來的展望。 -
All of them increasingly limit the development of affordable decent housing. according to these mentioned problems, the paper analyses urban land use system, personal credit system and used housing market ; reconstructs a new supply system of affordable decent housing ; illustrates that only by improving related measures can affordable decent housing break through bottleneck and boom again
為解決上述問題，論文從城市用地制度、個人信用制度、住房二級市場和重構經濟適用住房的體系幾個方面做了闡述，指出只有配套措施的完善，經濟適用住房才能突破瓶徑，再次迎來其發展的春天。 -
This paper tries to elaborate the exploration and practice of the administrative innovation for academic affairs based on the credit system at colleges and universities from the following : improving the administrative system and operational mechanism of the academic affairs to make the academic administration scientific and standard ; developing the computer network management system to realize the modernization and informatization of the academic administration ; strengthening the development of the academic administrators to upgrade the specialization in the academic administration
摘要本文從完善教務管理體制和運行機制，實現教務管理工作的科學化和規范化；研製計算機網路管理系統，實現教務管理的現代化和信息化；強化教務管理隊伍建設，彰顯和提升教務管理專業化等三方面，闡述了對學分制下教務管理創新這一命題的探索與實踐。 -
The model of this paper explores the links between the following factors and the credit rationing in china. the change of banks " attitude to credit risk may lead to credit rationing ; banks give much more emphasis on the trade cost and the payable value of collateral, which may give rise to credit rationing ; the decreasing of asset price during economic stagnation produces credit rationing ; the bias of banks " objective function from the maximization of profit and the transformation of the function relating to the reform of the financial system cause credit rationing ; if different parts of the whole markets are not integrated, the credit in the part with low capital return ratio will be rationed. during economic recession, banks tend to ration the credit in the high - risk market ; the removing of interest ceiling will narrow down the interest spread of deposit and credit at least during a period, which may strengthen credit rationing ; meanwhile, the vulnerable borrowers, including small and middle - sized enterprises, will get more credit from banks even though they have to pay a higher interest rate
論文的模型探討了下列因素和中國信貸配給現象之間的聯系：商業銀行對信貸風險的態度變化，在辨別和控制信貸風險上開始投入大量的成本，這一過程會導致信貸配給；商業銀行對與法治環境相關的交易成本和抵押品清償價值的日漸關注會導致信貸配給；宏觀經濟緊縮時期資產價格下降會導致信貸配給；商業銀行經營目標函數偏離利潤最大化，近幾年金融業改革過程使商業銀行目標函數發生變化，這一變化過程可能導致信貸配給；在市場分化的條件下，收益水平低的市場會遭受信貸配給；在經濟下滑時期，商業銀行尤其會對高風險市場配給信貸；利率市場化使商業銀行的存貸利差至少在一段時間內縮窄，利差縮窄可能加重信貸配給的程度：在利率市場化條件下，弱勢借款者，包括中小企業，遭受信貸配給的程度可能得到緩解，但支付的貸款利率水平將會升高。 -
To meet the demand of the real teaching management in higher adult education credit system under massive education, an effective teaching management of information system which is based on the modle of c / s / s and b / s / s under the network of the internet and intranet sysytem has been talked about in this paper for the different needs on higher adult education teaching management in credit systems and designs. the states, the features, the goals and the schemes of the system have been discussed fully in this paper. the system requirements have been also analysed from all sides of the system which includes the student ' s status system, the teaching management system, the elective courses system, the examination system, the students " scores management system, the teaching material management system. the outlay system, the off - campus system, the achievement system and the web system etc. the system principles, the ways for the design and the functions in the total system design have also been demonstrated in details
本文首先敘述了成人高等教育學分制教學管理系統的現狀、特點以及系統設計的總體方案和系統實現的目標、功能以及取得的應用推廣效果；其次，詳細論述了學籍管理、教務管理、排課管理、考試管理、成績管理、教材管理、經費管理、院系教學點辦學管理、檔案管理以及對外網站管理等的需求分析；再次，闡述了系統的總體設計原則、系統開發環境、研究方法、技術路線以及相關功能；網路數據庫的設計與實施方案、各子系統的設計、人機界面的設計、實現方面應注意的問題以及用戶權限設計的要求等；此外還介紹了舊系統數據遷移，新系統的實施工作，以及探討了對系統數據進行糾錯與清洗、測試和應用情況。 -
By investigating the internal control over credit business of china agricultural bank, jiangzhou branch, this paper points out that the internal control of this bank is neither perfect nor valid. there are flaws in evaluating the materials offered by clients, ranking credits, setting guarantee measures, etc. after analyzing the reasons that lie behind these flaws, this paper puts forward the author ' s some advice on how to set up more efficient banking internal control system, how to improve its execution, and how to harmonize internal control with banking supervision
本文結合商業銀行內部控制建設應遵循的目標及原則，針對江州市農業銀行信貸業務內部控制現狀，運用經濟學的委託代理理論和信息不對稱理論、組織行為學的公平理論以及戰略管理的pest和space分析方法，較深入地探討了該行內部控制存在的制度不健全、執行不得力、員工素質和內部審計不適應需要等問題及產生問題的原因。 -
With practice of credit & accumulated - points system of hanshan normal university and its primary effects, this paper analyzes the function of accumulated - points system under the teaching quality evaluation & monitoring system, and puts forward the improvement aiming at the present problems
摘要文章分析了學分績點制在教學質量評價與監控體系中的優勢及作用，並就實施過程中存在的問題，提出了相應的改進措施。 -
Through my tour to german and austrian vocational schools, together with my understanding of the state council decision on vocational education, this paper expounded my enlightenment on the orientation, training for students ' practical capabilities and vocational skulls, flexible academic system and credit unit system, vocational skills training, teachering staff construction, the combination of teaching and research, and integration of school - enterprise cooperation
通過對德國和奧地利兩國幾所職業技術學校的考察，結合對國務院關于職業教育決定的學習，闡述了高職教育在辦學定位、學生實踐能力和職業技能培養、彈性學制和學分制、職業技術培訓、師資隊伍建設、產學研結合與校企合作等方面的啟示。 -
Why do such a new system give much help in poverty reduction in the developing countries ? this paper give us some new advice on micro - credit of our country by discussing the development processes of micro - credit worldwide and the practice of our country : 1 、 our institution of micro - credit should find enough public capital to make it better than the traditional institution that only relying on the state finance or donative capital, in one word, there is about 950 billion $ underground in our country. we should manage to attract so these capital to attend in poverty reduction, in another word, much capital that deposit in the post saving institution and the rural credit institution have outflow away the rural region because of lacking of investing channels
本文主要在考察世界范圍內小額信貸的產生與發展過程，並從中汲取經驗，結合我國小額信貸的運作實踐，為我國的小額信貸的進一步擴展提出了一些新的看法:我國小額信貸必須突破現有的依靠捐助資金或財政補貼運作的單一資金渠道來源的運作方式，想方設法從民間獲得機構持續發展的必需資金，在我國，一方面存在著大量的地下金融活動，約有大約9500億元的資金，這是我們可以動員的資金，使它們參與到小額信貸中來，而另一方面，在我國由於缺乏正規的投資渠道，才會有如此巨大的資金存在於正規金融體制之外，而且，我國農村正規金融機構農村信用社，從農村吸收的儲蓄存款，由於難以在農村尋找合適的信貸項目，大量資金流出農村，郵政儲蓄機構同樣存在這樣的情況，這些都是農村發展中的資金瓶頸形成的因素。 -
Based on the analysis to the major problems existing in rural credit system and path dependency theory, this paper tries to find out the institutional weaknesses of the current rural credit system and reposition public finance, commercial finance and rural credit cooperatives in the hope of establishing an efficient operational mechanism and strengthening the whole function of rural credit system and forming a strong supportive force for agricultural and rural development
針對現有農村金融體系中存在的突出問題，利用農村金融制度變遷過程中的路徑依賴分析理論，找出目前農村金融體制的制度缺陷，進而對政策金融、商業金融、農村信用社重新進行功能定位和調整，建立起合理有效的運行機制，強化農村金融體系的整體功能，形成支持農業和農村經濟發展的合力。 -
The evaluating method in the paper is to calculate its guarantee risk degree. after that it is necessary to decide the relevant guarantee parametres including charge rate and the magnifying multiple. as for the whole risk of cgo, the paper sets forth the method of capital abundance rate which comes from the new basel agreement, and try to control the rate into the safe scale through risk dicentralization and compensation. afterwards, this paper studies the social credit system which influences the developent of cgo
對于申請擔保的單個中小企業，控制風險的關鍵是建立一套科學的審查、評估程序，論文提出了擔保風險度的評估方法，確定相關擔保參數，包括擔保收費率和擔保放大倍數等。在擔保機構的整體風險控制方面，論文利用新巴塞爾協議的關于商業銀行風險管理思想，建立了擔保機構資本充足率的計算方法，並從分散風險和補償風險兩個方面來控制擔保機構的資本充足率水平。 -
Forthly, it theoretically proves the relationship between guanrantee size and the social credit condition, owes the essential resolution of cgo ' s risk control to constructing a perfect social credit system. in the whole, as cgo is a baby in our country, there is few relevant study about its risk control, it is this paper which, for the first time, perfectly studies the risk from three
總之，由於中小企業信用擔保機構在我國是一個新生事物，擔保風險控制的理論基本上還處於一片空白，論文第一次比較完整地從個體項目、擔保機構整體和宏觀環境這三個層次來研究擔保機構的風險控制機制，因此，具有相當程度的理論探索性和創新性。 -
At last, the compare of deferent kinds of personal information system is examined. and then, the paper points out the difficulties and obstacles that our country will confront with when constructing personal credit system. based on all of the above study and the results of sampling survey, suggestions of our personal credit system are put forward
最後，論文通過對國內外個人信用信息體系管理模式的比較分析，並在調查樣本統計分析的基礎上，指出了現階段我國建立個人信用信息體系的難點和障礙，對此也提出了相應的建議。
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