paper reverse 中文意思是什麼

Considering to the continuous rigid - frame bridge construction characteristic, putting forward the idea of reverse to optimize prestressed steel. according to different construction phases, the paper gets the formual of the cantalever phase, join two section of a bridge phase and the vertical prestressed steel, and works out corresponding program

考慮大跨徑預應力混凝土連續（剛構）橋施工的特點，提出了基於倒裝方法的預應力靜定束、合龍束以及豎向束的優化設計理論，並編制了相應的計算程序。

According to the spread of nappe and relation between the nappe and depression, oblique - thrust fault zone was divided into three parts in this paper : sertengshan, lvliangshan and xitieshan. ( 3 ) according to macroscopic characteristics of fault zone, cleavage characters of fault zone, drag folds, the reverse " s " fold in the footwall, positive flower structures and small left strike - slip fault, the kinematics characters of fault zone of sertengshan - xitieshan are concluded : thrusting in section, left - slip fault in plane and the strike - slip displacement increasing from the west to the east

（ 3 ）根據斷裂斷裂帶的宏觀特徵、斷層帶劈理特徵、斷裂帶附近的牽引褶皺和斷層下盤的平面反「 s 」型褶皺以及斷層上盤剖面正花狀構造和平面左行小型平移斷層，認為賽什騰-錫鐵山斷裂帶運動學主要表現為剖面上的逆沖、平面上的左行走滑特點，並且走滑量具有自西向東增大之勢。

Then this dissertation implements most of algorithm of non - uniform b - spline surface such as positive calculation, reverse calculation, knot interposer etc. based on the g0, g1 continuous conditions of uniform bicubic b - spline surface, the paper deduces the g0, g1 continuous conditions in the surface reverse calculation then implements it for each face. the last step is the data exporting

然後運用非均勻b樣條曲面反算構造插值曲面，研究了雙三次非均勻b樣條曲面反算過程中的g ~ 0 ， g ~ 1連續條件，並根據該條件針對不同的表面給出了相應的連續策略，實現了各曲面間的g ~ 0或g ~ 1連續。

Through experiments analysis, it is found that the integrated lts is the most versatile laser tracker available for dimensioning, tool building, alignment, and reverse engineering applications with the characteristic of high tracking precision and excellent dynamic capability. this paper also provided an effective new method and technique in the application of large workpieces and industry field measurement and orientation by using dual - frequency laser interferometer

實驗結果表西安理工大學碩士學位論文明這套跟蹤測量系統能夠適用於高精度、響應速度快和動態性能要求高的工業現場安裝與測量，具有廣泛的應用前景，同時也為雙頻激光干涉儀在大工件和現場測量、定位的應用提供了一種有效的方法與技術，並為三維空間的跟蹤測量方法的研究奠定基礎。

Based on the structural evolution and geological framework in northern margin rift of qaidam basin, this paper presents that the overall course of faults development in middle qaidam is the main power for controlling the superimposition and assemblage of mesozoic and cenozoic basins, the deep sedimentary structure of mesozoic and the reverse structures during himalayan movement in this rift, and illustrates that the petroleum system in it is characterized by side - by - side pattern in space and by continuous pattern in time

摘要在分析研究柴北緣斷陷構造演化和地質結構的基礎上，指出柴中斷層發育的全過程，是控制柴北緣斷陷中、新生界盆地的疊加與組合、中生界深層沉積構造和喜馬拉雅運動期構造反轉等形成的主要動力，進而闡明?柴北緣斷陷含油氣系統在空間上為並列型、在時間上為連續型的特徵。

Second, by comparing trademark reverse passing off with passing off, oem, and reverse confusion, this paper set the criterion for telling apart trademark reverse passing off in real practice. third, the writer analyzes the reason of its emergence and development. part one is the foundation for discussing reverse passing off

但是在我國《商標法》中，對商標反向假冒問題具體是如何規定的，在實踐中又是如何認定的，這種規定有哪些缺陷，這樣的缺陷又如何去完善，本文將這些問題進行簡單的梳理，並對現有立法中的問題提出自己一點淺陋的建議。

By low - cycle and reverse horizontal loading test, their properties including strength property, deformation property and energy property are studied. we study the loading characteristic values ; the property of hysteretic curve and skeleton - frame curves ; the ductility property and stiffness degradation. lastly, based the data got from the test, this paper analyses and value the seismic behavior of every members

在試驗基礎上，研究了軸心受壓構件的承載力計算和穩定問題；研究了低周反復水平加載條件下，彎剪構件和整體空心墻板的強度、變形、能量特性；軸壓構件的荷載特徵值；彎剪構件和整體空心墻板的滯回曲線、骨架曲線、延性等參數；從強度、變形和能耗等方面判別和鑒定各構件的抗震性能，對各個構件給出了試驗的結論、評價。

This paper has reviewed the development of 3d medical image, validity, quantification, clinical application, surgical imitation, and the application in reverse engineering

本文針對3度空間醫學圖象的發展可信度，學術研究，臨床應用，手術摸擬，實體成型，快速成型製作，做一完整回顧。

According to climate condition, soil condition and afforesting tree species and water requirement rule of forest and grass, the paper analysed and calculated the slope length for collecting stream of three site preparation methods which were reverse - slope terrace, level trench and scale - hole, and the slope length for collecting stream of deferent gradients and planting bandwidths were acquired

摘要根據寧南山區的氣候、土壤、造林樹種等，按照林草植被建設的水分需求規律，對不同水上流失區的反坡梯田、水平溝、魚鱗坑3種整地方式的集流坡面長度進行分析與推算，計算出了不同坡度、植樹帶寬度下的集流坡長。

This paper introduces the importance of the cost control in the e - commerce, and probes into the recessive cost control of the material flow in the e - commerce from four aspects of the order cost control, the customer - obtaining - and - retaining cost control, the cosl control though the strategical alliance and combination marketing and scale economy, and the cosl control through working rationally out the reverse material flow policy

介紹了電子商務成本控制的重要性，並從訂單成本的控制、獲得顧客與留住顧客的成本控制、通過戰略聯盟和組合營銷及規模經濟控製成本和通過合理制定逆向物流政策控製成本4方面探討了電子商務物流隱性成本控制。

In this paper we also discuss the relationship between the total net radiation from 08 to 17 and the total solar radiation retrieved from the satellite visible picture at the same time interval. the result reveal the total surface net radiation is evidently reverse to the total solar radiation, the correlation coefficient of one station is high to 0. 9. but tianjin is exceptional, the total surface net radiation is correlative to the total infrared radiation

同時探討了08 - 17時總地表凈輻射與衛星紅外和可見光數字雲圖反演的輻射能量的關系，研究表明08 - 17時總地表凈輻射與衛星可見光反演得到的地氣系統反射的08 - 17時各時刻的和反相關顯著，個別站點相關系數達0 . 9以上，但也有一例外，天津站08 - 17時總地表凈輻射與地氣系統發射的紅外輻射相關顯著。

In this paper, we take the reconstruction of surface of revolution as our main aim, and by using the delaunay triangulation, the definition of curvature and the theory of b - spline, we present a way of reconstructing surface of revolution from point cloud. the main content of this paper is given in the following. computer aided geometric design and reverse engineering are the basis of this article

本文以旋轉面重建演算法為主要研究對象，應用三角部分、曲率的定義以及b樣條理論提出了一種由點雲數據構造旋轉面的方法，主要工作如下：計算機輔助幾何設計以及反向工程是本文的理論基礎，因此論文的第一章對其進行了簡短的回顧和綜述，並給出了旋轉面重建演算法目前的研究狀況。

It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。

The contact freeform surface meaurement system the authors are developing is introduced in this paper, it is the application of cmm in the reverse engineering of part. the components of its software and hardware are analyed. under the circumstances of cad modelis unknown, somecirtical problems are studied such as the measurement points adaptive localization, the measurement path, layout and measurement data disoposal etc. based on measuring the curved surface of the cam, the scaning software have be designed in measuring the curved surface in cmm. the cmm ' s data can transfer to cad / cam system

分析了其軟硬體的組成，並對在cad模型未知的情況下，測量系統軟體中的一些關鍵技術，如測點的自適應分佈、測量路徑的規劃和測量數據的處理方法等作了研究。並以凸輪輪廓曲線為例，編制了相應的曲線面輪廓掃描軟體，並使三坐標測量機的測量數據轉換為cad cam能接受的圖形信息格式。

Based on actual data and structural activity view point, by using structural analysis, and simulation experiments, this paper analyzed structural geomeory, structural activity and earth dynamics of structural evolution of cenozoic of offshore area in liaohe, and assessed structural evolution and its control over hydrocarbon geological events and hydrocarbon distribution. the following achievements are obtained : there can be concluded three structural patterns in offshore liaohe. they are extending, sliding and reverse structural pattern

本文以大量的實際資料為依據，以構造活動論觀點為指導，運用構造分析、層序地層學理論和模擬試驗等新概念、新方法和新技術手段，較系統地分析了遼河灘海地區新生代構造幾何學、構造運動學和構造演化的地球動力學機制，分析構造演化對油氣地質事件及油氣分佈的控製作用。

The circuitry of outer coder consists of data formation, data randomizer, rs encoder, and interleaver in the transmitter and their counterparts in receiver : data reverse transformer, de - randomizer, rs decoder and de - interleaver. in this paper, the first chapter gives an overview of hdtv, then focus on the dvb - c system, and then talks about the technology involved in asic

本文第一章首先概述了數字高清晰度電視，接著重點介紹了dvb - c有線電視傳輸系統，並對專用集成電路（ asic ）設計的發展、設計流程和注意事項及將來的設計趨勢? soc的設計技術作了概述。

An algorithm for detecting moving ir point target in complex background is proposed, which is based on the reverse phase feature of neighborhood ( rpfn ) of target in difference between neighbor frame images that two positions of the target in the difference image are near and the gray values of them are close to in absolute value but with inverse sign. firstly, pairs of points with rpfn are detected in the difference image between neighbor frame images, with which a virtual vector graph is made, and then the moving point target can be detected by the vectors ' sequence cumulated in vector graphs. in addition, a theorem for the convergence of detection of target contrail by this algorithm is given and proved so as to afford a solid guarantee for practical applications of the algorithm proposed in this paper. finally, some simulation results with 1000 frames from 10 typical images in complex background show that moving point targets with snr not lower than 1. 5 can be detected effectively

基於運動點目標在鄰幀差分圖像中所具有的近鄰反相特徵，即運動點目標的兩個位置相鄰近、灰度值一正一負，提出一種在復雜背景下，基於紅外序列圖像的運動點目標檢測演算法.本演算法利用該特徵在鄰幀差分圖像中檢測反相點對，進而構造反相點對矢量圖，最後依據累積反相點對矢量圖中多矢量首位相接的連續性檢測出運動的點目標.文中給出並證明應用本演算法能以概率1檢測到運動點目標的收斂性定理.對典型復雜背景下10幅1000幀圖像的模擬結果表明，當信噪比大於或等於1 . 5時，可以有效檢測出運動點目標

The thermal - wet comfort proprties of textiles under the conditions that the environment temperature is higher than that of human body ( called “ reverse temperature field ” ) are examined in this paper. four quanties ( i. e. equivalent thermal resistance, thermal resistance, resistance to water vapour transmission and air permeability ) were suggested as the physical indexes of thermal - wet comfort properties of textiles under this condition. their special meanings under this condition were explained also. the colthing microclimate testing meter was used to determine the indexes of seven different kinds of textiles. the statistical analysis was applied to analyse the relationship between these indexes and the results from wearing - clothing test. some elementary results were obtained

研究了在環境溫度高於人體體表溫度（稱逆溫差）條件下，服裝用織物的熱濕舒適性能，提出使用當量熱阻、熱阻、濕阻及透氣率作為在此條件下織物的熱濕舒適性物理指標，指出了在此條件下其特殊含義.並且用織物微氣候儀測試了此條件下7種織物的熱濕舒適性指標，與對比穿著試驗的結果進行了分析，得出了一些初步規律

Aimed at some problems such as short spraying distance, electricity - leaking and reverse ionization among electrostatic nozzles existing in the country, a induction charging and pneumatic energy electrostatic nozzle was designed. the basic designing theories, structure and working process of this nozzles were theoretically specified in the paper. and then the atomization quality and charge performances of this nozzle and its affecting factors were studied by carrying out performance experiment and statistic analysis. result of the studies indicate : ( 1 ) some progress were made in solving the problems list above ; ( 2 ) from this nozzle, droplet were minute and uniform, and higher charge - mass ratio can be obtained under lower electrostatic voltage, thus the atomization quality and charge performance of this nozzle were both better ; ( 3 ) within the experiment extend, air pressure at 0. 2mpa, electrostatic voltage at 2400v were the most suitable parameters for the nozzle ; ( 4 ) the regression equations for describing droplet size, intensity of spray current and charge - mass ratio of this nozzle obtained from the experiment data had higher forecast precision ; ( 5 ) cross - effect of all factors were not significant, the atomization quality and charge performance were relative dependency affected by the factors

諸試驗因素中，充電電壓和噴孔直徑對霧滴荷質比均有極顯著的影響；氣體壓力和液體流量對霧滴荷質比的影響均不顯著；影響霧滴荷質比的主要因素依次為充電電壓和噴孔直徑; （ 8 ）在300v 、 600v 、 1200y 、 1800y 、 2400v 、 3000v六種充電電壓t ，霧滴荷質比先隨充電電壓的增加而增大， 2400v后荷質比減小，推測:對于所研製的噴頭可能存在一個最佳充電電壓; （ 9 ）由充電電壓和噴孔直徑的不同搭配所得霧滴荷質比不同這一結果，可看出，較大充電電壓需配備較大噴孔直徑以增強霧滴荷電效果; （ 10 ） td3 . 6和td3 . 4兩噴頭的霧滴荷質比曲線趨于重合，說明噴孔直徑大於滬3

Abstract : the system composed of intelligent control modules for three - phase induction motors is introduced in this paper. this module can conduct starting, reverse braking, and reverse conrtol with current limiting resistance. besides, it can also detect low voltage, overload, and open circuit of 1 or 2 phases, and do protection according to the detection. it especially fits to the controlling of motors which often do starting, braking and reversing

文摘:介紹了一種智能三相電機控制模塊組成的系統，能在串電阻（電抗）起動、反接制動和換向控制的基礎上進行欠壓檢測、過載檢測、斷相檢測及電機故障保護.尤其適用於起動、制動和換向控制頻繁的電機控制場合