pre-service 中文意思是什麼
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This thesis will rely on previous studies of instructions on the general rules and language functions, and modification of teacher talk to carry on a multi - layer study on junior middle school teachers " instructions with aspect of linguistic forms and language functions in chinese efl classrooms. after study on the transcriptions of 30 lectures ( 10 lectures are given by in - service teachers, 10 lectures are given by pre - service teachers and 10 lectures are given by the winners in fine - quality classroom competitions ) of efl classroom of junior middle schools in china, the major findings are : ( 1 ) the teachers likely use some devices with respect to prosody ( temporal variables ), lexis, syntax and discourse to simplify and clarify the complex instructions to match the requirement of junior middle school students " listening comprehension. ( 2 ) there are about three factors that cause the ineffective instructions
本文在前人的關于教師語言的調整，指令語及其表達功能的研究基礎上以何安平教授建立《中學英語教育語料庫（ mstm ） 》中的近17 . 7萬字的子語庫《英語課堂教學語料庫（ msee ） 》為研究語料，選擇了其中30節初中英語課為研究對象，對教師指令語的言語形式及其語言功能進行了較為深入的描述分析，發現： （ 1 ）在音律層面，中國中學英語教師習慣川停頓來放慢語速或在一些難詞之前做停頓以便達到讓學生理解的要求：詞匯層面，教師慣用一些表達方式來給指令語；句法層面，教師也是盡量用簡單句來簡化指令語；語篇層面，初中英語課堂上教師常用一些信號詞來起始解釋性指令語，並少用宏觀語篇標記詞來幫助學生理解，但卻常用微觀語篇標記詞來吸引學生的注意力。 -
Jin ling, who was a programme master of guangdong tv station, the member of gd tv artistic association, the committee member of gd youth association, the vice - chairman of meizhou youth association, permanent committee member of guangzhou youth association, permanent committee member of shaoguan, an pre - service officer, national certified auctioneer, national certified planner, was one of best 10 programme compere for “ gold awe awards ” for chinese tv achievement
金玲，播音主持名金鈴，廣東省電視藝術家協會會員，廣東省青年聯合會委員，梅州市青年聯合會副主席，廣州市青年聯合會常委，韶關市青年聯合會常委，廣東預備役軍官，國家注冊拍賣師，國家注冊策劃師.中國電視金鷹獎全國十佳節目主持人.目前擔任廣東電視臺節目主持人。 -
On pre - service training of new college teachers
論高校新教師的入職培訓 -
Secondly, as a pre - service teacher educator, i undertook some tasks in terms of student teachers ' professional development, for example the supervisory task during their school placements
其次，我又是一名職前教師教育者，從事職前教師專業發展方面的工作，例如指導他們的畢業實習。 -
( 3 ) as to the study on the organizational function, the findings are : a ) the in - service teachers and the pre - service teachers " underlying attitude towards the students are comparatively imperious than that of the prizewinners in fine - quality classroom competitions ; b ) the relationship between the prizewinners and the students are comparatively equal, but their underlying attitude towards the students is so polite that they lose the real attitude towards the students as they do in the real situation of efl classroom, c ) the prizewinners " language range seems richer than the other two kinds of teachers
（ 3 ）就指令語所表達的語言功能而言，實習教師和擰洶教師對沁。們兒態度較優質課教師的態度要「專制」些；然而，盡管憂質課教vllj 『 j 。 j 『生的關系較為平等，在課堂上他們給予學生更多亡由選抒的機全，但是他們對學生的態度似乎過于禮貌，從而出左了真實課堂教於， nj氣氛。 -
Her research interests include : pre - service and in - service teacher education and development, action research, english for young learners, and elt methodology
主要從事的研究領域包括英語教學理論與實踐、英語教師教育與發展、英語教師行動研究，以及中小學英語課堂教學研究。 -
A discussion about the research study in primary school pre - service teacher education
小學教師職前教育中的研究性學習淺議 -
Pre - service education
職前教育 -
Pds is a form of school, at which pre - service teacher education, in - service teacher education and school renew are developing simultaneously
教師專業發展學校是融教師職前教育、在職培訓和學校改革為一體的學校形式。 -
Teacher educational professionalism is a process in one ' s life that not only includes theory and practice but also includes pre - service education, induction and in - service education
從過程看，教師教育專業化是個包括理論與實踐兩方面和職前教育、上崗培訓、在職訓練、職后進修四個環節以及脫產和不脫產兩種形式的終身一體化過程。 -
We also have the plan to provide comprehensive pre - service training to the taxi driving licence applicants. i hope the taxi industry will continue to offer full support to the plan
我們亦有計劃為的士駕駛執照申請人提供全面的職前訓練，我期望的士業界能積極參與並全力支持有關的計劃。 -
Article 14 vocational training comprises pre - service training, training to facilitate change of occupations ; apprentice training, on - the - job training, job - transfer training and other categories of vocational training, and all these categories of training may, in light of actual conditions, be divided into three levels : elementary, secondary and tertiary
第十四條職業培訓包括從業前培訓、轉業培訓、學徒培訓、在崗培訓、轉崗培訓及其他職業性培訓，可以根據實際情況分為初級、中級、高級職業培訓。 -
These included pre - service certificate in education programmes ; in - service initial training for kindergarten, primary, secondary, technical, commercial and special education teachers ; refresher training courses for serving teachers in primary and secondary schools ; advanced courses of teacher education for non - graduate secondary school teachers of cultural, practical and technical subjects and course in putonghua
這些課程包括職前教育證書課程；為幼稚園、中小學、工商科和特殊教育教師開辦的在職初步訓練課程；為中小學教師開辦的在職復修課程；為中學的術科、實用科和工科非學位教師開辦的高級師資訓練課程，以及新設的普通話課程。 -
On specialization of teachers and the curriculum reform of pre - service teacher education
論教師專業化與職前教師教育課程改革 -
Article 15 gender equity education shall be included in pre - service training of staff members, orientation training of new staff members, in - service education program and preparation program for educational administrators, the same in professional teacher training programs in colleges and universities
第15條教職員工之職前教育、新進人員培訓、在職進修及教育行政主管人員之儲訓課程，應納入性別平等教育之內容；其中師資培育之大學之教育專業課程，應有性別平等教育相關課程。 -
At last, it proposes four suggestions : ( 1 ) to cultivate the attitude to pursue continuous progress and improvement - from friendly support to rational criticism as well as from multidisciplinary curriculum to transdisciplinary curriculum, ( 2 ) to offer the opportunities for advance study to cope with the need of random teaching so as to upgrade and augment the specialties of teachers, ( 3 ) to experience the working environment of the team from cooperative learning, and ( 4 ) to expand the opportunities for pre - service teachers to learn the ability and knowledge of instructional team leadership
本文最後提出四個建議： （ 1 ）培養師資生力求精進的態度從情感支持至理智批判、從多科整合至超學科整合， （ 2 ）堅強團隊是個別優秀教師之組合，隨機教學更需要教師個人淵博的學識，故應廣開進修管道，培養教師更多專長， （ 3 ）呈現協同教學正反兩面之意義，從合作學習出發、使師資生體驗團隊工作情境， （ 4 ）拓展師資生領導機會，學習教學團隊領導知能。 -
The goals of pds are to play exemplary role for pre - service teachers, encourage in - service teacher professional development, and promote " school - university collaborate research.
其目標是為職前教師提供示範教育、為在職教師提供專業發展教育，並為學校和大學提供合作研究的機會。 -
The teachers " school - based in - service education is that the schools, according to his own plans fully research his teachers and make full use of their own resources both inside and outside the schools, by the means of design by oneself, professional research and researcher, meet the needs of development of schools and teachers. it emerges in the situation of combination in pre - service education and in - service education hi teachers " education
「校本師資培訓」是指學校根據自己的發展規劃在對學校教師的現狀與潛力進行系統評估的基礎上，充分利用校內外的各種教育資源，通過自行規劃設計或與專業研究機構、研究人員合作等方式開展的旨在滿足學校發展需要及促進教師專業成長的培訓活動。 -
Types : pre - service training retraining training content
類型包括：職工崗前培訓職工再培訓。 -
Concretely speaking, the social factors mainly include economical treatment, social status, occupational prestige, professional organization, professional autonomy, etc. the educational factors mainly include pre - service education, appointment education, in - service training, practical training, etc. the system factors mainly include qualification system, appointment system, evaluation system, promotion system, etc. the individual factors mainly include the principal ' s self - development demand and consciousness, professional attitude and motive, career satisfaction and reflecting experience, etc. based on the investigation on the factors influencing principal professional development, this research concludes that : the society, education, system and individuality have a great influence upon principal professional development
具體來說，社會因素主要包括經濟待遇、社會地位、職業聲望、專業組織、專業自主權等；教育因素主要包括職前教育、入職教育、在職培訓、實踐訓練等；制度因素主要包括資格證書制度、選拔任用制度、考核評價制度、職級晉升制度等；個人因素主要包括校長的自我發展需要和意識、專業態度和動機、職業滿意度、反思經驗等。本研究通過對中小學校長專業發展影響因素的實證調查，得出結論：社會、教育、制度、個人四大因素對校長的專業發展均有較大影響，其中個人因素對校長專業發展的影響程度最大，其他三個因素的影響作用不存在顯著差異。
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