primary markets 中文意思是什麼
primary markets
解釋
基本市場, 主要市場-
With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible
本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。 -
With this the " two - edged - sword " effect of the one - and - a - half market is made clear : at one hand, it results in capital divergence, higher holding cost and greater price risks, thus interfering with the regular operations of the primary and secondary markets
無形市場中，股份的原始持有者作為賣方，買方則為實力較強的機構，雙方存在較大的供求矛盾。因此，市場中應運而生通過集散信息、聯系供求以賺取差價或手續費用的「黃牛」 。 -
Clearly, consolidated market data vendors were a primary enabler for the growth in the financial markets and global economy
明顯的，市場數據商是金融市場和全球經濟發展的主要推動力量。 -
We will continue to take developing modern agriculture and invigorating the rural economy as a primary task, strengthen infrastructure in rural areas, and improve the system of rural markets and that of services for agriculture
堅持把發展現代農業、繁榮農村經濟作為首要任務，加強農村基礎設施建設，健全農村市場和農業服務體系。 -
The securities and exchange law requires the classification of securities firms into securities underwriters, propriety traders, and securities brokers. amongst which, securities underwriters conducts business in the primary markets, while propriety traders and securities brokers engage in secondary market businesses such as propriety trading and securities brokerage services
證券交易法第六條對有價證券有明文定義同法第十六條更明文將證券商劃分為承銷商自營商及經紀商，其中承銷商即是從事初級市場業務，自營商及經紀商則是從事自營買賣及居間行紀等次級市場業務。 -
There is indeed room to introduce measures to facilitate retail participation in the primary and secondary markets. this should help to make bonds a more liquid investment instrument
鑒于上述情況，金管局認為有需要推出措施以方便一般投資者參與一手及二手市場，目的是令債券成為流通性更高的投資工具。 -
International primary markets association
國際集資市場協會 -
In the more complicated cases of the debt and equity markets, where the investors actually take on the risk of the fund raisers, the roles of the financial intermediaries include the creation of the financial instruments in the primary markets the stock exchange and the underwriters of new share issues and the brokering of transactions in these instruments in the secondary markets the brokers and the market makers
至於在較復雜的債市及股市，投資者直接承受集資者的風險，金融中介人的角色則包括在第一市場創造金融工具即作為證券交易所及新股上市的包銷商，以及在第二市場促成這些工具的交易即作為經紀及市場莊家。 -
This has been effective in promoting active participation in both the primary and secondary markets, resulting in significant improvements to the overall performance of the mms during the year
這計劃對促進市場莊家積極參與外匯基金票據及債券一手與二手市場交易，發揮有效作用。年內市場莊家整體表現大有改進。 -
In turn, the social division speeded up the improving of different levels of markets, with the rapid growth of rural market towns and primary exchange places, which played the link - point between the wide countryside and market economy, and the gradual mobilization of rural village its main characteristic
適應社會分工的發展，各級市場進一步發育。元代市場發育的一個明顯特徵就是聯系廣大農村經濟腹地與市場經濟的重要環節農村市鎮與鄉間初級小商品市場的顯著發展和鄉村經濟的日漸流動化。 -
In this study the author aims to analyze the primary problems concerning civil helicopter markets, and then based on which the strategy of catic in this market is to be designed
筆者希望通過本次研究對發展民用直升機市場的一些重要問題做出回答，並以此為依據提出中航技公司在該領域的發展戰略。 -
The development strategy of apwm is to establish modern market system, namely, the wholesale markets as a center, connecting primary markets, retail markets through modern info - system, to set up a market network of proper levels, reasonable frame, multi function, orderly competition. to achieve this, the following measurements need to be taken : strengthen the main functions ( including : production, processing, packing, storing, transportation, wholesale, auction, direct sales ) ; innovate the transaction mould, auction & e - commerce ; extend into the production and retail fields, develop the logistics and distribution, to enhance the transition from primary markets to middle - or high - level markets
從微觀上來說，即對單個農產品批發市場來說，其營銷戰略主要包括： （ 1 ）綠色營銷戰略，即為保證農產品的質量安全，滿足顧客綠色消費需求而採取的營銷策略，包括強化硬體，建設「綠色市場」 ；強化農產品質量監控：實施農產品準入制度等。 -
Our primary media resources are 1500 advertising spots positioned in markets and shops in mid - to high - end residential estates throughout beijing
公司主要媒體資源是位於北京中高檔小區內小型超市、商店的廣告位1500餘個。 -
Though china " s primary market has grown rapidly, explicit and implicit administrative control and defects in pricing mechanism and methods have led to the long - run inefficiency of primary market : on the one hand, high ipo under - pr icing coexists with the risk - free return between primary and secondary markets ; on the other hand, the relationships among issuers, investors, regulators and underwriters are greatly distorted
一方面是嚴重的發行抑價與一二級市場間的無風險收益的存在，另一方面，在新股發行定價過程中，發行人、投資者和承銷商之間關系被嚴重扭曲。發行上市變成了發行企業的「尋租」過程，過度「包裝」甚至造假現象普遍存在。 -
The primary role of the ato is to promote the export of u. s. agricultural products and to improve access for these products in foreign markets
的職責是擴大美國農產品的出口及促成這些產品進入國際市場。 -
The mip is a comprehensive industry - wide programme catering for the whole of the banking sector and covering both the primary and secondary property markets, " said mr henry tang, chairman of the hkmc
按揭證券公司主席唐英年先生說：按揭保險計劃覆蓋一手及二手物業，是一個全面及為整個銀行業而設的計劃。 -
Fibonacci ratios describe the interaction between trend and countertrend markets - - 38 %, 50 % and 62 % retracements form the primary pullback levels
菲波納奇比率描述了市場趨勢和相反趨勢之間的關系? ?主要趨勢的38 % ， 50 %和62 %折返。 -
" the rapid growth in lending reflected the increased activity in both the primary and secondary residential property markets in november, " said mr david carse, deputy chief executive of hkma
金管局副總裁簡達恆說：按揭貸款迅速增長，反映十二月份及一月份一手及二手住宅物業市場成交增加。 -
" the rapid growth in lending reflected the increased activity in both the primary and secondary residential property markets in december and january, " said mr david carse, deputy chief executive of hkma
金管局副總裁簡達恆說：按揭貸款迅速增長，反映十二月份及一月份一手及二手住宅物業市場成交增加。 -
Secondly, basing on the theoretical analysis to the model in customers purchasing behavior and brand selection, the paper, according to the characteristics of different segment markets as well as consumption classcs, standing at the angle of enterprise, theorctically explores how to make marketing strategies in limited markets, and gives a concise as well as empirical explanation by a variety of concrete cases, guined the primary idea how the real estate enterprises builds up the marketing strategics based on adapting to the features of buyer market, the real estate the thesis uses the methods of swot etc to analyse the strategic environment and the interior factors of chongqing longjingyuan real estate businesses. in the pricing strategy, along the optional rule which customers purchase commodities for value maximization and price minimization, the paper works out the delivery value pricing method which can guarantee both the delivery value attracting customers and the profit of enterpriscs, combined with philip kotlers delivery value theory for customer
本文首先對市場營銷管理的理論，特別是房地產營銷管理的特殊性、房地產市場發展的歷史和市場營銷管理的現狀進行了分析和總結，提出了本文的研究思路和以市場為導向的戰略理論指導思想。在本文運用的理論工具的指導下，應用市場調查理論、波特模型、市場細分理論，對本課題所處的市場環境，包括重慶市房地產市場和與本課題所在地區的宏觀經濟環境、區域環境、政策環境、城市規劃、行業環境以及消費者市場的收入水平、家庭結構、消費能力、消費心理、居住偏好、生活習慣等28個指標進行調查分析，對本課題的競爭環境進行了研究，提出了與本研究項目相適宜的市場需求和市場營銷機會，確定了項目要進入的目標市場。
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