range of variation 中文意思是什麼

Results show that : ( 1 ) for each particle size of andalusite, variation tendency of the properties of the material is generally the same : the maximum of bulk density, compressive strength and rupture strength appears in the range of 5 % - 10 % content of fiber, these properties of the material remarkably decrease as the fiber content exceed 10 % ; while at the same fiber content, the properties of the material increase with the increase of firing temperature

結果表明： （ 1 ）對于不同粒度的原料，性能變化規律大致相同：在同一燒成溫度下，體積密度、常溫耐壓強度、常溫抗折強度在5 10之間出現峰值，加入量超過10之後材料的性能明顯下降；在相同的纖維含量下，隨著燒成溫度的提高，試樣的各項性能均有所上升。

Such a range of variation is termed a cline.

這樣一個變異區域稱為梯度變異。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

In more northern plantations the total range of variation is less.

在北部的試驗栽植點則總的變異幅度較小。

The experimental results show that the variation range of cd content in different sections cut along the axes increases with the growth process, which reflects that the interface depth also becomes larger

表明生長界面形態隨著生長的進行逐漸加深。理論計算出p單相區的液固界面深度在生長過程中的變化規律與實驗結果相一致。

By calculating parameters including the link length, the azimuth angle, the elevation, the optical power that the inter - satellite optical cdma communication system will receive, the variation range of the azimuth angle and the elevation from the optical antenna of atp are understood well. by analyzing the factors to impact bit - error - rate ( ber ) from the received power, multi - user disturbing, background noise, wavelength, bit rate etc, measures to guarantee high performances of the system are obtained, especially those for smoothing the fluctuation of the received optical power from host platform vibration

分析研究了衛星光cdma通信系統中衛星仰角、方位角和距離，給出了探測器能夠接收到的光功率以及atp子系統捕獲及跟瞄的范圍;對衛星光cdma通信系統性能模型和基於衛星振動系統性能模型的研究，分析了多用戶干擾、接收光功率、背景光噪聲、振動偏差以及碼速率對系統誤碼率的影響，給出了相應的改進措施。

A portable wind cable can be measured in a variety of circumstances, not by the winds of change cable circumstances measuring wind cable tension ; both of arbitrary moment of absolute tension cable wind, the wind can monitor cable tension variation ; construction equipment to the wild environment ; lightweight structures, the demolition convenient, simple measurement ; the intelligent measurement mode, can provide a wide range of choices rope specifications directly measured wind cable tension that the absolute need for conversion, and misoperation automatic alarm functions, measurement more convenient, direct, accurate and high degree of automation

一種便攜式纜風測力器可在各種施工環境下，在不改變纜風受力的情況下測量纜風張力；既能測量任意時刻纜風張力的絕對值，又可監測纜風的張力變化；裝置適應野外施工環境；結構輕巧、安拆方便、測量簡捷；在智能化測量模式下，能夠提供多種鋼絲繩規格的選擇，直接顯示被測纜風張力的絕對值，無需換算，並有誤操作自動報警功能，測量更加方便、直接、準確，自動化程度高。

Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映

For example, a variation of 20 % in the feed rate causes a 9 % increase or decrease in pressure, which is a variability range of 18 %

溫度恆定時，熔融粘度變化通常是由於投料速率變化和/或混和不均導致的。

It possesses the characters of high head, high velocity, long operation time and large variation range of water level

它具有水頭高、流速大、運行時間長、水位變幅大等特點。

Design procedure of u - shaped anti - rolling tank system is established, and program of scale design for tank is summarized, and an innovation selecting the natural frequency of controlled passive anti - rolling tank is put forward according to variation range of wave frequency, the natural frequency of rolling of a ship and other influencing factors, and causes of formation of tank damping and motion state of water in tank are studied, calculation formula of the u - tube tank damping and design method of tank damping configuration are given, and the influence of tank vertical location within the ship on ship parameters, stabilization performance of tank and water motion in tank is studied

建立了完整的u型減搖水艙系統設計程序；總結了u型減搖水艙尺度設計；提出了根據波浪頻率變化范圍、船舶固有頻率變化范圍和其它影響因素，選取可控被動式減搖水艙固有頻率的新方法；分析了u型減搖水艙阻尼的形成原因，給出了估算水艙阻尼和設計水艙阻尼結構的方法；研究了減搖水艙在船舶中的垂直位置布置對船舶參數、水艙減搖性能和艙內流體運動性能的影響。

The arbitrage of commodity futures takes advantage of the price relation in different delivery month futures contracts. as market factors affecting short - term and long - term commodity future prices are not same, or the same factors may affect the market to different extent in the short term and long term, therefore their spread will change. the spread may deviate from the range of the price variation of the two contracts, or it may possibly form trend

商品期貨套利交易利用不同期貨合約之間的價格關系來獲利，由於影響短期和長期期貨價格的市場因素不盡相同，或者同一因素對市場的短期影響和長期影響有別，反映在期價的變化上就是近期合約價格和遠期合約價格的變化幅度不一，最終導致不同期貨合約間的價差關系發生變化，價差可能脫離兩合約之間正常的價差變動范圍，也可能形成趨勢。

The zis smaller in diffusion speed compared to y, which shows a bigger range of daily variation. mean wind, when smaller, has no distinct correspondence to the daily cycle of z and y

從沙塵尺度譜和沙塵的沉降末速分析，出現沙塵暴，尤其是強沙塵暴時，系統中的上升氣流可達每秒幾米的量級，有時甚至更高。

Continuous variation ( quantitative variation ; multifactorial inheritance ) a form of variation in which the characters show continuous variation within a certain range of values

連續變異：變異的一種類型，其性狀在一定的范圍內是連續變化的。

Monodisperse ( coefficient of variation 5 % ) polystyrene microspheres in the size range of 1. 0 ~ 10 m are prepared by dispersion polymerization in ethyl alcohol reaction media using polyvinylpyrrolidone ( pvp ) as a steric stabilizer and 2, 2 ' - azobisizobutyronitrile ( aibn ) as an initiator in suitable condition

摘要以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮為分散劑、無水乙醇為反應介質、偶氮二異丁腈為引發劑，採用分散聚合的方法，通過優化反應條件，成功制備出了粒徑范圍為1 ~ 10 m不同粒徑級別的單分散（分散系數5 % ）聚苯乙烯微球。

The pile is fully siliconised and also uv stabilized to minimise the effects of ultra violet light and can withstands wide range of temperature variation

在毛條里加如硅而製成的硅化毛條還能很好的抵抗紫外線的影響和溫差引起的變形。

A lot of data in database is continuous variable, the future value of this data is expected to be predicted, the predicted only need a range of variation, but need an exact value

摘要數據庫中有許多數據是處于不斷變化中的，對于這些數據，人們希望能對其未來的取值作出預側，預測的結果並不需要知道這些數據的具體取值，而只需得出一個變化范圍。

We have studied the variation of the differential cross section in inelastic scattering with the parameters of annihilation potential and compared with experimental data. we have got the better potential parameters of three models and the graph of the differential cross section, give the range of the best parameters

通過研究湮沒勢各參數對非彈性散射微分截面的影響，並與實驗數據進行比較，我們得到了三種模型較好的勢參數及非彈性散射微分截面圖，給出了最佳參數的范圍。

This is investigated upon a mathematical model of ifn - induced jak - stat signaling pathway by applying robustness analysis which is based on a broad range of simultaneous and systematical parameters variation

我們對細胞的jak - stat信號建立了數學模型，同時系統地改變模型中的動力學參數反應速率參數，然後進行大量的數值模擬實驗。

First analyze the affect of the parameters range of signal source 、 the error and the parametric variation on sorting result, finally constitute a model to produce the signal data and form the pdw

分析了信號源各參數的范圍、誤差、參數的變化、測量的精度以及對分選結果的影響。