second western general 中文意思是什麼
second western general
解釋
西次將-
The chinese word wuli was first examined in literature of the warring states period. according to its wide use in ancient china, the word refers in general to the principle of all objects or the natural laws. in ancient times the meaning of wuli is similar to physics in the west. the translation of the english word physics was made some alterations in the introduction of western science during the ming and qing dynasties. from the 17th to the early 19th century, some chinese books on physics translated by protestant missionnaries were annotated and translated in japan. after the sino - japanese war reversed the flow of knowledge between china and japan. from the second half of the 19th century to the early years of the 20th century, the translation of the english word physics was defined early or late in japan and china. now the range and object of physical research are continually changing along with the rapid development of modern physics
「物理」一詞，在中國古代最早見于戰國，此後在各種典籍中被廣泛使用，其含義泛指萬物之理與自然規律，這種含義與西方古代「物理」一詞的含義相近.明清時期西學東漸， 「物理」一詞的翻譯幾經變化.古代日本的科學在相當程度上受到中國的影響， 17世紀至19世紀上半葉來華傳教士譯述的物理書籍也在日本被注釋翻譯.甲午戰爭后，中日兩國之間科技交流的態勢發生了逆轉. 19世紀下半葉至20世紀初，日中兩國「物理」一詞的譯名先後確定.隨著現代物理學的迅速發展，物理學研究的范圍和對象又在不斷地變化 -
Due to different national conditions and background, the manifestation of government failures differ from one country to another. in general, however, according to western scholars, this concept includes three layers of basic meaning : first, the policies the government implemented are incapable to realize the public - expected social goal ; second, the government conduct features high cost and low efficient ; third, government ' s influence bring about new market failures and social injustice
由於國情不同，政府失效的表現形式具體到每個國家有所不同，但西方學者認為，一般說來，政府失效包括三層基本意思：政府實施的政策和行為不能實現預期的社會公共目標；政府活動的高成本和低效率；政府作用的結果帶來了新的市場失靈和社會不公。
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