switching rate 中文意思是什麼
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What are the pros and cons of switching from wage rates to piece rate pay
從按月計酬轉換成論件計酬有什麼優、缺點 -
This thesis built the models computing the working frequency over - voltage " operation over - voltage for 220kv fugai transmission line, calculates and analyzes working frequency over - voltage " operation over - voltage using emtp program and provides reasonable protection measures for the transmission line. furthermore, regulations method, traveling wave method and striking distance method are used to study and compare lightning - enduring capabilities of different types of pole in power transmission lines aiming at the fact that the lightning strike switching rate of 220kv fugai line is higher
本文分別建立了計算220kv復蓋線路的工頻電壓升高及操作過電壓的計算模型，利用emtp程序對220kv復蓋線路工頻電壓升高、投切空線過電壓、投切空變過電壓、單相故障過電壓進行計算分析，並提出合理的防護措施。 -
With the traditional switches based on circuit switching, voice signals are transmitted at the rate 64 kbits over networks
傳統的交換機是基於電路交換技術的，話音通信以64kbits的速率在網路中傳輸。 -
In optical burst switching obs network, the fap assembly strategy of edge router tends to slow down the sending rate of tcp traffic. as a result, the correlation gain of tcp traffic is reduced, which in turn makes the throughput drops down
在光突發網路中，邊緣路由器的fap封裝策略有減緩tcp流發送速率的趨勢，這使得tcp流「相關受益」減小，導致其吞吐率也隨之下降。 -
Various factors that influence lightning strike switching rate are also analyzed. it has been showed that for some given configuration, all lightning over - voltages on substation equipments do not exceed the 1ightning strike insulation level in the case of invading waves out of lightning strike aerial input protection line
同時利用規程法、行波法、擊距法對輸電線路中不同桿塔型號的耐雷性能分別進行了研究和比較，對影響輸電線路雷擊跳閘率的各種因素進行了分析。 -
To analyze some key technologies of optical network relative with rwa in detail, such as transmission, switching and internetworking ; to emphasize on the research of function, fabric and performance of optical cross - connection ; to carry out numerical simulations for crosstalk introduced by optical cross connect and to present measurements for suppressing it such as doubly filtering, fixing optimum decision threshold and appropriately choosing the number of multiplexed wavelengths ; 3. to research the fundamental principle and some problems relative with rwa, including the type of optical network, the type of traffic, the type of service, the survivability of optical network ; to classify and compare rwa algorithms and particularly research some dynamic rwa algorithms ; 4. to present reserved light - path and classify network resource such as used, unused and reserved status, to emulate establishment of all - optical connection in optical network through modified rwa algorithm and show effectively reducing setup time of all - optical connection utilizing reserved light - path ; to research rwa algorithms of multi - fiber network, to present new link weight functions dependent on node degree, unused fiber ( s ) per wavelength - layer and routing policies, to perform emulation of rwa based wavelength layer graph applying new link weight functions and show them make algorithms better performance and network lower blocking rate ; 5
詳細分析了與rwa相關的光網路關鍵技術，包括傳輸、交換、組網等，重點研究了光交叉連接的功能和結構、性能，對其引入的串擾進行了詳細分析，選擇恰當的器件參數進行了數值模擬，並提出了抑制措施（如雙重濾波、優化判決門限、選擇恰當的復用波長數） ; 3 .研究了光網路的r認叭的基本原理、與r認叭的幾個相關問題（光網路類型、業務類型、流量類型、光網路生存性） 、 r認人演算法的分類和比較，具體研究了幾種動態r場人演算法; 4 .研究了以全光連接建立時間為優化目標的r認認演算法，提出預置光路的概念，對網路資源進行狀態分類（佔用、未佔用、預置） ，利用改進的r認叭演算法模擬，預置光路可為部分新到的連接請求快速建立連接，從而提高網路性能;研究了以多光纖網路連接阻塞率為優化目標的r認城演算法，提出了以節點度數、每個波長分層的空閑光纖數以及路由策略決定的幾種鏈路權重函數，利用基於波長分層圖模型的并行r場人演算法模擬，利用新的鏈路權重函數使得演算法具有更優的性能，使網路具有更低的連接阻塞率。 -
Tecsis switching with low leakage rate
Tecsis低滲漏率開關 -
Switching with low leakage rate
低滲漏率開關 -
Electricity meters - specification for input and output switching or logic arrangements for multi - rate registers for electricity meters
電度表.第5部分:多費率記數器輸入輸出開關或邏輯電路規范 -
The principle and design scheme are described, the corresponding experimental research is conducted and application foreground of the rotary - switching regenerator is analyzed the result indicates that rotary switching regenerator has the advantages of continual gas supply, low leakage rate, low pressure drop and compact equipment
研究結果表明檔位蓄熱器具有以下特點：可實現對爐窯的連續供氣，保證了爐內火焰的穩定性，從而使爐內工況不易波動；另外系統的漏風率較低，阻力損失也較低，並且設備緊湊、操作安全可靠，易於實現標準化生產。 -
Before the 1990s, the digital transmission equipment was based on the technical standards of plesiochronous digital hierarchy ( pdh ). in order to connect the switch to pdh transmission equipment, the switch side needs lots of terminal equipment of the primary rate, i. e., 2048 kbits ( 2m ) switching terminal circuits in compliance with itu - t standards ( e. g. s1240 s dtm trunk module and axe10 s etc module ) and ansi - standard - based 1544 kbits ones
在90年代初期以前，數字傳輸設備是建立在pdh （ plesiochronousdigitalhierarchy ）技術標準上，為了連接交換機到pdh傳輸設備上，在交換機側需要大量的符合基群速率的終端設備，即符合itu - t標準的2048kbits （ 2m ）交換終端電路（如s1240的dtm中繼模塊， axe10的etc模塊）和符合ansi標準的1544kbits交換終端電路等。 -
In detail, one - photon detuning for large kerr nonlinearity and photon switching via eit should be far less than the product of the ratio of intensity of the coupling field to the intensity of the signal field, and the detuning or the decay rate of the additional transition
具體來說，單光子失諧量的取值范圍應遠小於禍合場和信號場的強度比與微擾躍遷的失諧量或者衰減速率之積。 -
If railroads charged all customers the same average rate ， they argue ， shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line
他們爭論說，如果對所有的客戶都收取一樣平均的費用，那些可以轉向公路或者其他交通手段的發貨商就會這么做，致使剩餘的客戶承擔維持鐵路經營的成本費用。 -
The results of numerical experiments, using the four - dimensional variational data assimilation system of the nonhydrostatic mesoscale model mm5, show that : the tangent linear model and adjoint model conducted by keeping the " on - off " switches the same as the basic state, can provide a good approximation of the first - order information to the nlm perturbation and a good descent direction for the minimization procedure ; switching on and off at every other time step in the kuo cumulus parameterization scheme do n ' t impact the convergence rate of cost function ; the existence of the switches do n ' t impact improvement to the mm5 model rainfall prediction because that not only specific humidity, but also wind, temperature and pressure are assimilated into the model
非靜力中尺度數值模式mm5的四維變分資料同化系統進行的數值試驗結果表明： 「開關」變量保持與基態一致，所構造的切向線性模式能夠提供關于非線性模式擾動的一階近似，伴隨模式所計算的梯度值能夠為最小化過程提供較好的下降方向；郭氏降水參數化方案中對流每隔一個積分步的交替發生並不影響目標函數最小化的收斂速度； 「開關」變量的存在也不影響將風、溫度、氣壓和比濕結合起來同化對mm5降水預報準確性的提高。 -
The cr + : yag crystal has been operated differently as passive q - switching and mode - locking medium by researchers at home and abroad. chapter 2 : researching the q - switching performance of cr4 + : yag crystals with the rate equations
Cr ~ （ 4 + ） yag晶體優良的物化性能，使它作為被動調q開關和激光增益介質已實現了不同種類的調q和鎖模運轉。 -
Accordingly, a new framework, which provides a common scheme for the numerical simulation on the macroscopic behavior of ferroelectrics though multi - scale analysis on the coupled thermo - electrics - mechanical behavior of multiphase in heterogeneous material, is induced to construct the effective constitutive equation of multiphase. in chapter four, based on the law of domain nucleation and domain wall motion of 1800 domain switching, a new scheme of domain switching and numerical simulation approach is put forward on the foundation of thermodynamics. driving traction, nucleation criterion, velocity of domain wall motion, kinetic relation and rate of domain switching in a single grain are given
第四章以鐵電體1800疇變的過程中形核規律和疇界運動規律的實驗觀察結果為基礎，根據熱力學理論建立鐵電體疇變的理論框架和數值模擬方法；給出了單疇內疇變驅動力、新疇形核準則、疇界運動速度公式、疇變動力學的表達式，單晶的疇變速率公式；用細觀力學的觀點給出了對多晶鐵電體多場耦合的有效性質進行包含疇變速率影響的多尺度分析方法。 -
The rate of domain switching plays an important role in the nonlinear behavior and properties that are frequency dependent. it is necessary to incorporate the rate of domain switching when multi - scale analysis of the coupled macroscopic thermo - electric - mechanical behavior of ferroelectrics is carried out
疇變具有一定速度，疇變速率對鐵電體的非線性響應和頻率相關響應等性質起到重要的作用。在對鐵電體多場耦合進行多尺度分析時，必須考慮疇變速率的影響。 -
The efficiency of nozzle rinsing can be improved as much as 19 % by switching the unequal flow rate of the two head - on rinsing streams after a suitably set first rinsing period has elapsed
對于噴嘴式洗滌，經由在適當首段洗滌后對調兩不相同流量之入漕洗滌水流流量，可達成洗滌效率19 %之提升。 -
Lt is more effective to reduce the strike back switching rate by decreasing resistance of impulsion grounding resistor of pole than by increasing number of insulators
研究結果對提高220kv復蓋線的運行安全及可靠性有實際指導作用。 -
The temperature of the membrane patch is a very important control parameter, it operates through affect the switching rate of ion channels, but little attention has been paid on the effects of variation in temperature
溫度是通過影響神經元膜上通道的開關幾率來影響整個系統的，是一個非常重要的控制因素，但是，在已有的研究中，很少有人從理論上考慮溫度的影響。
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