trade framework 中文意思是什麼

After entry of wto, there are still many maladjustments in guangxi ' s seed industry, such as the weak foundation of sees industry development ; the unformed market of the seed industry for fair competition ; small - scale seed enterprises ; no systematic connection among the cultivation, breeding and marketing ; lower qualification of staff who work in the seed industry and with weak sense of laws, and lack of the knowledge in operating experiences in the international market and trade etc. yet the un - efficiency system, unclear property right in enterprises, the lack of an effective mechanism to promote the rational use of resources in the seed industry and the lack of such concept as " the government creates environment and enterprises create fortune " are the deep - seated causes of the problems in guangxi ' s seed industry. therefore, the key points for promoting development of guangxi ' s seed industry under the wto framework are to focus on the promotion of the developing capability of seeds " integrated products, constantly deepen reforms, to adjust various relevant factors in the system of the seed industry which is inconsistent with each other, and to establish a new - pattern system with evident characteristics of the time spirit in order to meet the requirements of the market economy. hereinto, the specific strategies and measures for promotion of guangxi ' s seed industry development under the wto framework include kee ping up reform and innovation of the system of the seed industry, executing of non - nationalization reform in state - owned seed enterprises, formulating and executing relevant supporting policies, the improving the legal system in the seed industry, increasing public financial support on the seed industry, promoting the integration of cultivation, breeding and marketing, strengthening human resource development, developing the main body of the seed industry ' s market and making proper conditions for the functions of seed associations in the seed industry development etc

研究結果認為：發展種子產業應該把著眼點放在促進種子整體產品的開發上；種子產業的發展依賴于能充分發揮整體功能的新型種業體系的構建，而目前廣西種業體系中的品種選育、種子生產加工、種子經營以及政府管理、公共支持和社會服務六個主要組成部分都存在明顯的缺陷與不足；廣西種子企業綜合競爭力總體處于較弱水平；面對wto ，廣西種子產業仍有諸多的不適應，突出表現在產業發展基礎薄弱、尚未形成可以公平競爭的種業市場、種子企業規模小、育繁銷脫節、種業人才素質不高、種子企業法律意識淡薄、國際市場運作經驗和國際貿易知識不足等多個方面，而體制不順、企業產權不明晰、缺乏促進種業資源合理流動的有效機制以及「政府創造環境，企業創造財富」的正確理念正是導致目前廣西種子產業不能適應入世需要的深層次原因；因此，以提升種子整體產品開發能力為核心，不斷深化改革，調整種業體系中不相協調的各有關因素，構建起符合市場經濟體制要求的具有鮮明時代特徵的新型種業體系，是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展必須堅持的指導思想；其中，加快種業體制改革和創新、實施對國有種子企業的非國有化改造、制訂落實有關扶持政策、完善種子法律法規體系、加大公共財政對種子產業的支持力度、推進育繁銷一體化的形成、加強人才培養與引進、壯大種業市場主體、實行重點突破戰略、發揮種子行業協會作用等等，都是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展應該採取的具體對策措施。

Throughout part ii we shall be using the demand-supply framework to bring out basic points about the pros and cons of trade barriers.

在整個第二編中，我們將使用供求結構來闡明有關貿易壁壘利弊的基本論點。

Cites provides the broad framework for the regulation or restriction of international trade in listed species

瀕危物種公約為監控及限制國際性瀕危物種貿易提供了一套綱領。

Therefore, a model of three sectors, respectively referring to domestic sector, manufacturing export sector and primary product export sector, has been established here to measure the technology spillover effects of export on domestic sector. finally, based on a broader framework, this dissertation went on to investigate the relationship between openness and china ' s economic growth, while the result shows that though there exists a notable dispute about how to measure the degree of china ' s openness, the index of trade dependence still maintains the better one to reflect china ' s economic openness. in the meanwhile, impulse response function ( irf ) method and forecasting errors variance decomposition ( fevd ) method, both of which are based on the vector auto - regression ( var ) system, are used here to investigate the dynamic relationship between openness and china ' s economic growth

與傳統理論不同，新增長理論和新貿易理論都強調技術進步的作用，因此本文構建了一個三部門的技術外溢效應模型（國內部門、工業製成品出口部門以及初級產品出口部門） ，考察了工業製成品出口和初級產品出口對國內非出口部門不同的技術外溢效應；第四，從更加廣闊的視野就貿易開放度與中國經濟增長問題進行研究，有關貿易開放度如何度量一直是存在較大爭議的問題，本文首先對該類研究文獻進行了較為詳盡的述評，然後運用生產函數方法對所選取的5個貿易開放度度量指標進行了檢驗，結果發現盡管一些已有研究認為外貿依存度無法真實度量一國經濟開放水平，但是本文研究結果表明外貿依存度仍是度量我國貿易開放度的較好指標，進一步採用基於var系統的脈沖響應函數法以及預測誤差方法分解法對貿易開放促進經濟增長的作用進行了動態刻畫。

Trade and economic cooperation between inland and macao under the framework of ceta

框架內的澳門與內地經貿合作探討

Since 1979 china has signed a series of international environmental conventions and agreements, including the convention on international trade in endangered species of wild fauna and flora, international convention for the regulation of whaling, vienna convention for the protection of the ozone layer, basel convention on control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal, montreal protocol on substances that deplete the ozone layer ( revised version ), framework convention on climate change, convention on biological diversity, convention on combating desertification, convention on wetlands of international importance especially as waterfowl habitat, and 1972 london convention

中國自1979年起先後簽署了《瀕危野生動植物種國際貿易公約》 、 《國際捕鯨管制公約》 、 《關于保護臭氧層的維也納公約》 、 《關于控制危險廢物越境轉移及其處置的巴賽爾公約》 、 《關于消耗臭氧層物質的蒙特利爾議定書（修訂本） 》 、 《氣候變化框架公約》 、 《生物多樣性公約》 、 《防治荒漠化公約》 、 《關于特別是作為水禽棲息地的國際重要濕地公約》 、 《 1972年倫敦公約》等一系列國際環境公約和議定書。

This empirical study is a stage achievement of an on - going project ( no. 03bzz025 ) chaired by dr. kang zhao and funded by the social science foundation of china, which aims at investigating and improving the operations of management consulting associations in china. the research starts from constructing a theoretical framework of investigation according to theories of non - profit organization, trade cost, corporatism and governance. following on, 5 consulting associations amcf, imc, mca, icmci, feaco are chosen for cases in studying

本研究系趙康教授主持的國家社會科學基金項目（ 「發展中國的管理咨詢行業/專業:一個行業/專業協會層面的理論和實證研究」 ， 03bzz025 ）子課題之一，旨在從非營利組織、新經濟制度學、公民社會、社會專業化運動等相關理論視角來建構與實證考察歐美管理咨詢業協會，透視其功能和內部的運行機制。

After intense diplomacy at meetings in geneva in july of last year, the united states achieved international agreement on a framework for moving forward on the doha development agenda of wto trade negotiations

正在進行的全球談判。有關的談判多年來停滯不前，直到2004年7月美國提出外交倡議才突破了僵局，就恢復談判達成框架協議。

In november 2004, china and asean concluded china - asean framework agreement on comprehensive economic cooperation - agreement on trade in goods

2004年11月，中國和東盟締結了有關貨物貿易的全面經濟合作的框架協議。

Along with china joined the world trade organization and the framework convention on tobacco control, the county level tobacco monopoly bureau should strengthen legally administration construction to face the competition from opening market and the globalization to protect the system and the interest of the nation and the consumer

隨著中國加入世界貿易組織和《煙草控制框架公約》 ，作為煙草行業最基層的縣級煙草專賣局，提高其依法行政水平，有利於適應煙草市場開放和全球化競爭的挑戰，保護煙草專賣制度，維護國家利益和消費者利益。

A governmental inspection delegation from fukuoka city will be visiting hangzhou recently in an effort to further intensify the economy and trade cooperation between the two cities, open up the cooperation areas, seek an all - orientation cooperation framework in the fields of high - tech., commerce & trade, logistics and general economy etc

福岡市政府代表團近期來杭考察訪問，旨在進一步加大兩市的經貿合作力度，拓展合作領域，尋求雙方在高新技術、商貿、物流和總部經濟等領域的全方位合作架構。

According to the particularity of the opening border cities, the author of this thesis comprehensively utilizes the theories of selecting superior industry of industrial economics, regional economics, international trade and economic geography, and adopts quantitative and qualitative approaches to formulate the theoretic framework of research for the selecting superior industry in the opening border cities, the carry out the theoretic framework into hunchun. on such a basis, the author put forward the strategic tentative ideas for the industrial structure adjustment in hunchun

本文借鑒產業經濟學、區域經濟學、國際貿易學和經濟地理學現有選擇優勢產業的理論，採用定性與定量相結合的方法，針對邊境開放城市的特殊性，提出了邊境開放城市優勢產業選擇的理論和方法，並將此方法應用於琿春市，選出琿春市的優勢產業，最後根據選擇結果，提出琿春市產業結構調整的戰略構想。

The procedures of settling labour disputes in the non - government sector are provided in the labour relations ordinance. the minor employment claims adjudication board ordinance establishes a machinery known as the minor employment claims adjudication board ( mecab ) to adjudicate minor employment claims when settlement cannot be achieved by conciliation. for the regulation of trade unions, the tuo provides a statutory framework for trade union registration and administration

《勞資關系條例》訂定了解決非政府機構的勞資糾紛的程序，而《小額薪酬索償仲裁處條例》則確立了一個名為小額薪酬索償仲裁處的機制，就未能以調解方式解決的小額薪酬索償個案進行仲裁。

So the thesis, referring to the theories related to measuring credit risk abroad, combining them with the fact of switching process in china, has formed risk survey system model, which properly solves credit risk survey problem lying in off - trade assets under the demestic circumstances. that model is working in a sense and foresighting to a degree. we analyze risks in order to control them better. according to the reality of china and the need of development, the thesis recognizes that we must carry out comprehensive risk management, besides it lists the fundamental framework and indispensable elements of comprehensive risk management

作為商業銀行的風險的研究必須堅持定量和定性相結合，本文認為我國現階段商業銀行的風險主要是體制、政策造成的，是由各種政策性因素引起進而表現為巨大的信用風險，因而本文借鑒了國外有關測量信用風險的理論，結合中國的實際，形成了風險度量制模型，較好的解決了國內條件下非交易資產的信用風險度量問題，既具有一定的實用性，又具有較強的前瞻性。

The new theoretical analytical framework is applied, in the analysis and decision - making in external economic environment, to the optimal plan of a interest - create and the equilibrium analysis in market structure, as well as the welfare policy choice related to international trade and international direct investment

把理論分析框架和分析方法應用於外部經濟環境的分析與決策、企業在創造利益驅動下的最優方案、市場結構中的均衡分析以及與國際貿易和國際直接投資相關的並且有益於社會福利增加的政策選擇。

Under the framework of the " multi - fiber arrangement ( mfa ) ", the textiles export of china has been always imposed discriminative quantity restriction and disadvantage trade environment

在「多種纖維協定」的框架下，我國紡織品服裝出口一直受到歧視性待遇，處于不利的貿易環境。

Using these dates, the study develops a supply - demand analysis system ( consists of cobb - douglas production function modek nerlovian supply response model and double log demand function model ) to point out all the important factors affecting the supply and demand of japonica rice in china and the extent of influence respectively, especially the paper analyzed the trade status and international competitiveness of japonica rice thoroughly under the framework of china ' s joining to the wto, and according to the analysis of development trend and natura1. economic and social factors of influencing japonica rice industry, predicts the development of japonica rice industry in 2005 and 2010, brings forward some of strategies and suggestions for the future development of japonica rice industry

以這些數據為基礎構造了我國粳稻（米）的供求分析系統（該系統由c - d生產函數模型、 nerlovian供給反應模型和雙對數需求函數模型三大模型構成） ，以此來揭示影響我國粳稻（米）供求的各種重要因素以及各因素的影響程度，特別是在wto框架下，比較全面、深入地分析我國粳米的貿易態勢和國際競爭力問題，同時根據當前我國粳稻產業的發展態勢以及對影響粳稻產業發展的自然、經濟和社會等各重要因素進行分析，據此預測我國粳稻產業在2005年和2010年的發展情況，並對我國粳稻產業的未來發展提出相應的對策和建議。

Multilateral trade framework, which is represented by wto, played a decisive role in the international community. all the members want to benefit more from the trade liberalization

回顧wto爭端解決機制的發展演變過程，其中的一條主線是各種用以解決爭端的法律方法不斷得到強化的過程。

The final majority aim is to discuss and analysis the situations of implementation and progression of free trade framework agreements of asean. because of seeking particularity, the custom decreasing of discussion in the second chapter, lists importing custom decreasing of 21 major kinds of goods

第二部分重點討論了框架協議實施進展中的關稅削減情況及目標時間的調整情況；第三部分討論了框架協議對經濟發展及東盟經濟一體化進程所起的作用。

Under the development of economic globalization and the tide of environmental protection, trade and environment has been the hottest topic in the multilateral trade framework and the global environmental protection areas, and the conflict between gatt / wto rules and environment trade measures is the main embodiment of the issue

隨著經濟全球化的發展和環境保護的興起，貿易與環境問題已成為多邊貿易體制和全球環境保護領域關注的熱點問題，環境貿易措施與gatt / wto規則的沖突則是這一問題的具體體現。