up curve 中文意思是什麼

And it can be divided into four phases of urban tourism of china, in which there are different characteristics. ( 2 ) the evolutive rules of urban tourism of china are as follows : 1 ) the exoteric extent of tourism notion is more and more swell ; 2 ) the form of urban tourism renovate with the development of cities ; 3 ) the layout of urban tourism inner and outer is from close and complanate to exoteric and tridimensional ; 4 ) the sustaining system of urban tourism is from absent to as clear as a bell, and will reach a rational and advanced extent. 5 ) the social delamination of urban tourism is form stern to syncretic ; 6 ) the evolvement tendency of urban tourism should be generalized as a curve of accumbent " s ", which present a course makes up of low - grade development, high - speed development and balanced development

主要觀點歸納如下： （ 1 ）城市旅遊是基於城市的發展而發展的，中國城市旅遊可分為古代、近代、現代和后現代四個階段，分別對應於前工業文明時期的城市旅遊、工業文明萌芽時期的城市旅遊、全面建設工業文明和后工業文明因素初露端倪時期的城市旅遊，以及邁向信息時代的城市旅遊，其間體現出不同的城市旅遊發展特徵； （ 2 ）經歷不同發展的時期，中國城市旅遊表現出如下的演進規律： 1 ）城市旅遊觀念開放程度逐漸增強，對城市旅遊的容納度日趨加大，對城市旅遊地位的認識從忽視到關注再成為生活的必要因素； 2 ）旅遊形式從單一走向多元，新的旅遊形式隨城市發展層出不窮； 3 ）城市旅遊的內外部空間聯系從封閉平面走向開放立體，達到網路化、連綿化、分區化、立體化布局； 4 ）城市旅遊支持系統從缺失走向健全，達到理性高端； 5 ）城市旅遊社會分層從森嚴走向融合，經歷了「小眾旅遊」 、 「大眾旅遊」 ，最終發展到「全民旅遊」 ； 6 ）城市旅遊產業演變態勢可以概括為一條橫臥的「 s 」曲線，表現為低開?高走?平穩發展。

This paper deriving the theory work inflection point in the static stage characteristics curve of small measurement range linear dimension measurement. by the way of high pressure and back pressure pneumatic measure and designed the parameter of the mainly and measure spray head, which are the key component in the spray head - baffle pneumatic sensor. the different groups for the main - spray head and the measure spray head, will effect the dynamic and static stage characteristic parameter. the author have done contrast experiment and optimization design to test and verify the theory derivation whereby made the rang of show valve of pneumatic measure system measure range up to 40 u m, the sensitivity up to 100mv / u m, resolution up to 0. 05 p m, the uncertainly of measure is less than 0. o2 u m, satisfaction of requirement of groups the carboy hatch thickness size precise measure of soft shims

對高壓背壓式氣動測量用於小量程線性尺寸測量的靜態特性曲線的理論工作拐點進行了推導，對氣動測量系統中的噴嘴-擋板型氣動傳感器中的關鍵部件? ?主噴嘴和測量噴嘴的參數進行了理論設計，對主噴嘴和測量噴嘴的不同組合，將影響測量系統靜、動態特性指標的噴嘴參數進行了對比實驗和優化設計，並通過實驗驗證了理論推導，從而使氣動測量系統量程的示值范圍達到40 m ，靈敏度達到100mv m ，解析度達到0 . 05 m ，測量不確定度小於0 . 2 m ，滿足了壓縮機缸蓋軟體墊片厚度尺寸精密測量分組的要求。

Considering the electrovalence, the curve of water consumption and the reliability of water supply, this paper respectively sets up the model based on the maximal flux and the model based on the expectation flux. it takes yearly expenditure converting value and yearly cistern converting value as target function and takes continuity equation, velocity of flow and compression resistance of cast iron pipeline as restrictions and sets up the pga model on optimal design of water supply networks

考慮到峰谷電價、用水量變化曲線及用水可靠性因素的影響，分別建立了以最高時流量設計管網的模型和以期望時流量設計管網的模型，以年費用折算值加上清水池年造價折算值為目標函數，以連續性方程、管中流速和鑄鐵管耐壓值等為約束條件，進行并行遺傳演算法對給水管網優化設計的實現。

In order to obtain the most economic benefits, the paper utilized the theory of " homalographic characteristic " and " share alike compensation current characteristic " to build up the best compensation relation for " hour - current " curve applied to transformer substation and for " length - current " curve applied to distribution line

以獲得最大經濟效益為目標，利用「等面積特性」和「補償電流等分特性」理論。推導了應用於變電站的「時間?電流」曲線關系中存在的最佳補償關系，以及應用於配電線路的「長度?電流」曲線關系中存在的最佳補償關系，及補償后的經濟效益計算模型。

Base on the mathematic model of load - deflection relationship of the rectangular membrane, micro balloon actuator ' s theory curve of pressure - deflection has been calculated and plotted. after the simplified geometric model of microactuator was set up, by utilizing ansys mooney - rivlin hyperelastic model, nonlinear structural distortion of silicone rubber can be solved

通過建立氣泡薄膜的幾何簡化模型，針對硅酮橡膠的材料非線性特點，選用了適合橡膠類材料的mooney - rivlin超彈性模型，運用ansys軟體對這一非線性結構變形進行了求解。

Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。

When the thickness increases up to a critical value, about 30 nm, the spotty rheed pattern gradually changes to streaky pattern, and the rheed oscillation curve appears. the rheed pattern of the ultra thin lno film deposited in the relatively high oxygen pressure is streaky pattern. with pumping the oxygen pressure to the relatively low value, the streaky rheed pattern gradually changes to spotty one

我們發現在較低的真空度下，即氧分壓處於2 10 - 4pa和3 10 - 3pa之間， lno晶格中的一個o2 -將會轉移兩個電子給兩個ni3 + ，並且移動到薄膜表面形成o2被泵抽走，從而導致鈣鈦礦結構的垮塌，其相應的rheed圖樣呈現出清晰而明亮的點，表明表面為較為粗糙的三維島狀結構。

Aimed at tube curve by sun shining, it analyzes and calculates the instance of curve when tube up and down face have difference in temperature, and discourses upon it influenced degree to cannon firing accuracy. for hot spread asymmetry caused tube curve, it explains it ' s form cause. for irregularly hot stress acting tube curve, it stressfully analyzes effect of body tube wall thickness difference

重點分析了身管熱彎曲產生機理，針對太陽照射下的身管彎曲，分析計算了身管上下表面存在溫度差時的彎曲情況，論述了其對火炮射擊精度的影響程度；對于散熱不均引起的身管彎曲說明了其形成原因；對于不規則熱應力作用下的身管彎曲重點分析了身管壁厚差的作用。

Such muzzle velocity reduction and weight coefficient can be marked out one by one and be made up into the curve board

將每一條曲線對應的初速減退量、曲線上各段的權重系數一一標出，並可製成曲線板。

Multi - media shows of self - propelled gun are accomplished including curve simulation, texturing, lighting technology voice effect, flame effect, etc. vii ) distr ibuted real - time dynamics simulation system for virtual self - propelled gun, which is a solid basis for virtual - reality gun, is set up through lan, based on tcp / ip protocol, opengl, client / server, object oriented, etc

在3dmax開發環境中，利用紋理、光照等技術進行了自行火炮的真實感建模，通過曲線擬合，模擬火炮各個部件在發射過程中的運動規律，並結合聲音和炮口火焰效果，實現了自行火炮發射動力學的多媒體描述。 7 、基於tcp ip協議、 opengl 、 client server 、面向對象等技術，在lan平臺上建立了火炮發射動力學分散式實時模擬系統，為研究虛擬火炮打下了堅實基礎。

This material has the ability in humidity absorbing and releasing and evaporate cooling. through theoretically analysis on this new building material - porosity moisture - conditioned material, a testing equipment is set up, the performance curve of the moisture - conditioned material ability in humidity absorbing and releasing and evaporate cooling is obtained, meanwhile, porosity moisture - conditioned material ' s validity to building energy efficiency design is proofed

在分析這種新型建築材料多孔調濕材料的理論分析基礎上，搭建了測試風道並進行了實驗研究，得出了調濕材料的自動吸放濕能力及蒸發冷卻性能曲線，證明多孔調濕材料對于建築節能設計的有效性。

Based on re - classification of abbott - firestone curve into three zones, surface bearing index, core fluid retention index and valley fluid retention index were introduced to evaluate the bearing capability and lubricant retention property of a machined surface. the changing tendency of these three indexes was also made clear through experiments, and the relations between them and fractal parameters were built up. at last, it was found that the coefficient c is also suitable to evaluate the bearing capability and fluid retention property of a machined surface

本文在重新劃分abbott - firestone曲線的基礎上引入了表面承載指數、核心區液體滯留指數和谷底液體滯留指數三個指標分別評價表面承載性能和儲油性能，同時通過試驗找到了這三個評價指數的變化規律，最後建立了它們和分形參數之間的關系，並發現尺度系數同樣可以用來評價表面的承載性能和儲油性能。

After looking up a large amount of native and foreign information, the materials used in the experiment were as follows : ptfe base, graphite filler, molybdenum disulfide filler, copper powder filler, carbon fiber and so on. the experimental method is that the formula was designed according to uniform experimental method, the relationship between formula and frictional property was found with spline function and then the representative test points were chosen from fitting curve to make verification test for optimization. the preparative technique of solid lubricant is cold - press sintering method

經過查閱大量國內外文獻資料后確定原料為：聚四氟乙烯樹脂為基體，加入石墨、二硫化鉬、銅粉、碳纖維等填料；試驗方法為：根據均勻試驗方法設計配方，用樣條函數找出配方與摩擦性能的關系，然後在擬合曲線上選取具有代表性的試驗點進行驗證試驗，達到優化的目的；制備工藝：冷壓燒結法制備固體潤滑劑。

The germination rate - dose function curve is down in the first, then up and down at last

表現在m1代發芽率的影響。發芽率-劑量曲線是「馬鞍型」曲線。

Then making use of the theory, we got the rightful scale of hubei highway net. the 4th section firstly summed up the development course of hubei ' s highway, and then utilized the growth function curve to fit it

然後結合理論，對湖北省公路網的合理規模進行了探討；第4章對湖北省公路的發展歷程進行了總結，在此基礎上利用生長函數曲線對其發展軌跡進行了擬合和預測。

Hanging power, seize and hold, slightly tilted head, pulled up buttocks, iron ruler waist, curved back, dropping the shoulders and elbows, keep the chest in and curve the back

懸吊索、擒拿揸捉、千字頭、蛙仔膝、 ?尺腰、筲箕背、沉肩墮肘、含胸拔背。

Project line vertically up to intersect with the valve characteristic curve and from this point project line horizontally across to the left of the chart and record the percentage of maximum flow rate

畫出垂直向上的線與閥門特性曲線相交，從這個點畫水平線穿過圖表左側，記錄最大流量的百分比。

To tune up the frequency of power supply by the transducer in the system, this adjusting make the speed of electromotor and performance curve of pump change. at last, it make the status of a pump alter

在變頻調速恆壓供水系統中，單臺水泵工況的調節是通過變頻器來改變電源的頻率f來改變電機的轉速n ，從而改變水泵性能曲線得以實現的。

This tightening drove up the short - end of the us treasury yield curve. however, the long - end of the curve remained largely steady as the higher energy prices apparently did not trigger any inflation expectation

收緊貨幣政策促使美國短期國庫券收益率上升，但由於能源價格上漲似乎並無觸發通脹預期，因此長期國庫券收益率大致維持穩定。

Build - up curve

壓力恢復曲線