value at cost 中文意思是什麼
value at cost
解釋
按費用訂值-
Enterprises must compare with the best satisfaction value after receiving the index satisfaction at all levels, find out one ' s own advantage and disparity from it, implement and improve, about improve model question that input and output maximized in fact, enterprises are in a situation that the capital cost is certain, the rational input to each index of distribution, make customer satisfaction get the greatest improvement customer satisfaction test and assessment is a dynamic course, enterprises must also implement a lot of investigations, measure satisfaction value many times, in order to check the impro ved result, cany on essential adjustment, make the improvement scheme correspond to reality
企業在得到各級指標滿意度之後，必須與最佳滿意度值比較，從中找出自己的優勢和差距，實施改進，關于改進模型實際上是投入產出最大化的問題，企業在投資額一定的情況下，合理的分配對各個指標的投入，使得顧客滿意度得到最大的提高。顧客滿意度測評是一個動態的過程，企業還必須實行多次調查，多次測量滿意度值，以檢查改進的效果，進行必要的調整，使得改進方案符合實際。 -
If press real value to cast, guarantee a place difficult of access of automobile body loss, the insurance cost of old car is apparently little at new car, this is inequitable the user of new car to
假如按實際價值投保車身損失險，舊車的保費明顯少於新車，這對新車的用戶而言是不公平的。 -
The company is providing the high - quality product oem processes ministrant at the same time, can also provide the product market fixed position consults, and according to customer of the homologous material, semi - processed goods in offering product, reasonable equipment in etc. in a material and cost control serves, the marketing plans related with super and worth kit in service, at that time a core for freely for customer providing latest color spreading fashion information, latest a material appearing on market information, technical and latest section in the color cosmetic result, brand value refines, cultural excavation in brand, the brand that try hard for customer gives the deep culture content
公司在提供優質產品oem加工服務的同時，還可根據客戶產品的市場定位提供相對應的原料半成品包材等合理配搭及成本控制服務產品市場定位分析咨詢服務營銷策劃服務等相關的超值配套服務odm ;免費為客戶提供最新色彩流行時尚趨勢分析;最新款包材的上市信息;彩妝技術的最新科研成果;品牌的核心價值提煉;品牌文化的挖掘，為客戶的品牌賦予深厚的文化內涵！ -
During vertical migration, the copepod is assumed to instantaneously check the variations of the environmental parameters and can thereby make the optimal behavioral strategy to maximize the value of venturous revenue, i. e., taking up as much food as possible at as less cost of mortality as possible
在垂直遷移的過程中，我們假設橈足類個體能夠即時識別環境參數的變化從而採取最優的行為策略以獲取風險收益的最大值，即以盡可能小的死亡代價獲取盡可能多的食物。 -
The difference between the historical cost basis of the assets and the value of the consideration paid of $ 79, 856 was treated as contributed capital in the consolidated balance sheet at december 31, 2003
資產的歷史成本和支付補償的價值之間的差額$ 79 ， 856被當做截止到2003年12月31日綜合資產負債表中的實繳資本。 -
This dynamic model describes a possible processes of what customer relationship moves from lower to higher relational phases by the four factors i. e. customer value, customer satisfaction, customer trust and switching cost, and displays how a various levels of customer loyalty such as behavior loyalty, mental loyalty and sustainable loyalty are cultivated at different relational phases, and reveals the relationships between four factors and customer loyalty ( measured by repurchase intention, cross - buying intention, customer referral intention and price tolerance ) and customer relationship life cycles
模型用於描述客戶保持的四個決定因素客戶價值、客戶滿意、客戶信任和轉移成本，及其如何驅動客戶關系不斷從低級階段向高級階段發展，並在客戶關系生命周期的不同階段建立不同層次客戶忠誠，揭示客戶保持的四因素之間、四因素與客戶忠誠（用重復購買意圖、交叉購買意圖、價格忍耐力和客戶推薦意圖四個指標度量）和客戶關系生命周期之間、客戶忠誠與客戶關系生命周期之間的相互關系。 -
Generally accepted accounting principles require that plant assets be reported at their cost, not at the market value
公認會計準則要求對固定資產只披露其成本價值，而不是其市場價值。 -
Any excess of the cost of the acquisition over the acquirer ' s interest in the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired as at the date of the exchange transaction should be described as goodwill and recognised as an asset
交易發生時，購買成本超過購買企業在所取得的可辨認資產和負債的公允價值中的股權份額的部分，應作為商譽並確認為一項資產。 -
Second, it turns to analyze the outside environment of chongqing pepsi - tianfu in details by using many theories in turn such as pest, five competition power, production life cycles and value chain, and its target is not only to find opportunities in politics, economic, technology, and social culture and also to feel threaten which results from substitute, supplier, new comer, customer and competitor of our company. then, it begins to seek the strength and weakness of this company by analyzing resource of itself in order to seek main problem s during present business operating, specially focusing on marketing promotion, cost controlling, human resource management and enterprise culture. at the same time, it concludes that the main present questions are caused by some history factors, faulty present management rules, incomplete human resource system, different leader types and weak base of enterprise culture
然後，就運用pest法、行業競爭五種力量及價值鏈的戰略管理理論對公司的外部競爭環境進行詳細的分析，發現公司可能在政治、經濟、技術、社會文化上面臨的機會以及行業中替代品、供應商、新進入者、顧客、競爭對手正帶來的威脅；接著，運用資源分析法找出公司內部的優勢和劣勢，特別是目前存在的主要問題及其產生的各種主要原因，其中問題集中表現在市場營銷、成本控制、人力資源管理、企業文化四大方面，而產生原因則是公司的歷史、管理制度不夠完善、人才機制不健全、領導風格不相同、企業文化較薄弱等因素；接著，就是將內、外環境的分析結果通過swot方法進行戰略匹配和選擇，得出三個戰略方案，即：穩定發展戰略、密集型發展戰略和多元化發展戰略。 -
The content of each part follow as : in the first chapter, as start point and base of the paper, this part focuses on the basic study of definition characteristic of no, and the existing base of no - e - commerce environment ; in the second one, this part studies the theory base of no comprehensively applying the theories of core competence competent strategy and transaction cost ; chapter three studies the no from the coordination of no, and gives the structure clarification and characteristic of no firstly, at the same time, put forward the concept of virtual enterprise cluster ; based on such conclusion, studies the model of no from life cyc organization level process and value chain, and operational mode ; in chapter four, a theoretical explanation was addressed on the above structure by modeling no with game theory and graphic theory ; in the fifth chapter, on the bases of analysis of no operational risks, coordination mechanism of no was studied by individually modeling the no without core and no with core, and then put forward the solution for coordination mechanism of no ; as an important component of coordination mechanism of no, chapter six explored some basic concept of trust and importantly put forward the way of how to build trust in no, especially investigated the supporting function of valid reputation mechanism of no for the trust building, importantly an operational method on building reputation mechanism and evaluation method in no were given ; the last chapter applied the conclusion of the paper to investigate the famous trade web - sunbu. com analyzed its shortcoming and gave the advices of developing
全文共分為七章，主要內容如下：第一章作為全文的理論出發點和基礎，圍繞網路組織的定義、特徵以及網路組織生存基礎- -電子商務環境等方面對網路組織的基本概念進行了闡述；第二章綜合運用核心能力、競爭戰略和交易費用理論對網路組織產生的理論基礎進行闡述；第三章首先從組織協調的角度對網路組織進行了研究，給出了網路組織的結構，分類和特徵，同時並給出了虛擬企業群簇；然後在此基礎上分別研究了網路組織的生命周期模型、層次模型、過程模型、價值鏈模型，以及運行模式；第四章綜合運用博弈論、圖論的相關知識，通過構建網路組織的模型，對上一章所研究的網路組織結構的形成機理給出了一種理論解釋；第五章在分析網路組織運行風險的基礎上，分別建立無盟主網路組織的博弈論模型和有盟主網路組織的博弈論模型，詳細研究了網路組織的協調機制，然後給出了網路組織協調機制的解決方案；第六章作為網路組織協調機制的重要組成部分，本章在討論了網路組織中建立信任機制的必要性的基礎上，研究了網路組織信任關系的類型，提出了在網路組織中如何建立信任機制。 -
I propose that you make a provision at 40 % of the cost value
我建議按成本價值的40 %計提準備。 -
At the beginning of fiscal 1999, the company made economic value added ( eva ) the binding target and control metric for all its business activities. profitability is measured exclusively in terms of a business s or a group s ability to generate returns exceeding the cost of capital
從1999財年開始，公司開始引入經濟增加值（ eva ）概念，作為所有業務活動的硬性衡量指標和控制標準，利潤率必須是以某項業務或某個集團在扣除資本成本后獲取的收益能力來計算。 -
Moreover, this paper discusses the feasibility of option pricing theory by adopting cases. on the one hand, it admits this method plays a key role in the realization of " debt - in - lieu - of - equity " of state - owned enterprises and appraising the value of potential earning - capacity ; on the other hand, it illustrates the application of option pricing theory in appraisal is still immature. for it can not meet the prerequisite of the theory ; its result will not be generally accepted and the quality of appraisal staff are relatively lower, this method is not applicable to business valuation aiming at equity alteration. thus it should not be regarded as a brand - new appraisal method to be promot ed in the short run. in the finial the thesis forms its conclusion on method application of superseding cost method gradually. generalizing the use of income method and developing the sense of using option pricing method
由於成本法所固有的局限性，無法評估出資產組配成具有獲利能力的整體資產的創造性價值，因此注重企業獲利能力的收益法已成為轉軌時期中國評估業的現實選擇，並進一步對收益法的起源、方法特點和適用性進行了深入的分析；運用理性分析與案例分析相結合的方法對收益法發展的新階段? ?期權定價法應用於企業價值評估的可行性進行了研究，肯定了這一方法對國企實現「債轉股」和評估高新技術企業潛在獲利能力價值的重大意義，同時對此方法應用於企業價值評估不滿足前提條件、評估結果的可接受性、及評估人員素質等方面說明了這一方法在資產評估領域的應用尚不成熟，尤其不適用於產權變動為目的的企業價值評估，因而短期內不宜作為一種全新的評估方法推廣。 -
Your new arrival will also herald the arrival of more possessions. additional furniture, clothes, cameras, camcorders, etc. their value soon mounts up and the cost of replacing them all, at one time, could prove quite a burden
您的小寶寶會令您添設許多家居用品，傢俱衣物照相機及攝錄機等，所費不菲，若要重新購買所有此等東西確實是一重擔。 -
The new - type industrialization does n ' t mean to pursue mere output value or achieve short - term development at the cost of the environment
不片面追求產值和產量，更不允許以犧牲環境保護來求得一時的發展。 -
For no reason does not lay specified amount of this part compensation, come from however compensate for share value at all death in protecting a capture to pay insurance cost
這部分賠償額並不是平白生出來的，而是來自於所有保戶繳交保費中的死亡賠償分攤值。 -
The first is to improve the current functions of expressway of sec and extend the service contents so as to attract the consumer. secondly, it is needed to provide the more concurrent and higher quality services than that of the opponents to meet or excess the expectation of the consumer in order to retain them. the third is to offer highly efficient services to realize the maximization of consumer value, at the same time, to reduce the operating cost and increase the profit of the sec
實施差異化競爭戰略的三種主要途徑：一是改善或提高高速公路現有服務功能，擴大服務內涵，提供比對手更具競爭力的、獨特的服務，建立持久的競爭優勢，吸引顧客；二是提供比競爭對手更為一致和高品質的服務，以符合或超過目標顧客所期望的服務質量，留住顧客；三是提供更具效率的服務，以實現顧客利益最大化，同時降低企業運營成本，提高企業效益。 -
Based on value - at - risk we give an example of how to measure the credit risk and provide the process of applying this method in risk management. in order to build a risky prediction model, we select 4 financial indexes from 16 ; these are the ratio of bed debt, the operating cost, the asset - profit ratio and the liquidity ratio
以農村信用社為實證研究的對象，從16個財務指標中篩選出真正對信用社發生危機有顯著影響的4個指標：不良貸款比率、營業費用比率、資產利潤率和資產流動性比率，建立了農村信用社風險預警機制的模型。 -
Cost and achievement value are calculated for economic activities at each link. the capital outflow hi the value production in each link is calculated as the link ' s cost and the inflow of capital or rights as the earning. the cost and the earning are directly matched to calculate the value at this link for the certain laborer
對每一環節經濟活動直接計量成本和成果價值，將價值生產過程中每一環節的資產流出計為該環節的成本，資產或權益的流入計為該環節的收益，成本與收益直接配比，核算該環節和該勞動者所創造的價值。 -
On the basis of the classical mean - variance model, the article proposes the asset allocation model with value - at - risk constraint and transaction cost
摘要在經典均值方差模型的基礎上，提出了存在交易費用時基於風險價值約束的資產配置模型。
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