wga 中文意思是什麼

The wga wants a statement at the beginning of each programme identifying any product placement so viewers are not " subject to hidden or stealth advertising "

Wga要求每個節目前都應該有一份聲明，列出每一件置入節目中的商品，視聽大眾才不會被隱而不顯的廣告手法所操弄。

Methods : hyperosmotic pressure animal model was established by administering 3 % sodium chloride as drinking water to rats or increasing osmotic pressure of the culture medium. osmoregulation positions in the brain, reciprocal projection pathways between the medullary visceral zone ( mvz ) and supraoptic nucleus ( son ) or hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus ( pvn ), oscillation of intracellular calcium in cultured neurons and astrocytes were studied by means of anti - fos, glial fibrillary acidic protein ( gfap ), tyrosine hydroxylase ( th ) or vasopressin ( vp ) multiple imrnunohistochemical staining, immuno - electronic microscope, wga - hrp retrogradely tracing and cell culture methods. results : ( 1 ) fos positive neurons within the mvz, parabrachial nuclei, locus ceruleus, pvn, son, subfomical organ increased markedly

方法：通過給予大鼠飲用3氯化鈉或提高培養基滲透壓濃度的方法復制高滲刺激模型，主要採用抗fos 、膠質原纖維酸性蛋白（ gfap ）和酪氨酸羥化酶（ th ） （或加壓素? vp ）免疫組織化學多重染色、免疫電鏡、 wga - hrp束路追蹤結合免疫組織化學多重染色、細胞培養等實驗方法，系統觀察了中樞參與滲透壓反射的調控部位、下丘腦視上核（ son ）神經元? ast超微結構的變化、延髓內臟帶（ mvz ）和son及下丘腦室旁核（ pvn ）之間往返投射通路和神經元的性質及其與ast的關系、培養神經元和ast內鈣波的變化。

Fos + / th + / gfap + and fos + / vp + / gfap + triple labeled n - asc could be found in the mvz, pvn and son respectively ; ( 2 ) under electronic microscope, the astrocytic processes connected closely with the dendrites or axons of the neurons, where the bilateral membranes became thick. we call transiently it electron - dense areas ( edas ). the number of edas increased remarkably following hyperosmotic stimulation ; ( 3 ) when trace retrogradely, wga - hrp was microinjected into the unilateral son, pvn or nucleus of solitary tract ( nts ) respectively using the stereotaxic method, the n - ascs formed by the neurons triple - labeled with hrp / fos / th ( or vp ) and astrocytes labeled with gfap could be found in the mvz, son and pvn respectively ; ( 4 ) after being treated with heperosmotic nacl solution, intracellular calcium concentration in cultured hypothamic neurons and astrocytes increased and then decreased

腦內gfap陽性結構也明顯增多，其分佈與fos陽性細胞分佈基本一致，表現為胞體肥大、突起粗長； ast緊密包繞在神經元周圍形成神經元- ast復合體（ n - asc ） ；在mvz 、 pvn和son三重免疫組化染色切片上可見到fos + th + gfap +第四軍醫大學博士學位論文和fos vp gfap三重標記asc ； （ 2 ）免疫電鏡下son內星型膠質細胞突起與神經元樹突或軸突之間接觸部位出現增厚的膜結構一電于緻密區（ edas ） ，高滲刺激后數量明顯增多： （ 3 ）將們個mp注入大鼠一側n卜、卜卜或孤束核（ ws ） ，分別在延髓內臟帶（ mvz ） 、 so和pvn內出現fos hrp th 、 fos hrp八p三重標記神經元和gfap陽性標記ast形成的n asc ； （ 4 ）高滲刺激使培養神經元和ast內鈣水平先升高后降低，最後維持在比高滲刺激前稍高的靜息鈣水平上。