判例參考 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [pànlìshēnkǎo]
判例參考
英文
case referrences-
Also to get some new conclusion of glacial lakes burst floods, in possibility study of glacial lake burst, and in qualitified study of the safety of the glacial lakes. the first character of this paper introduce the background of this paper, set the goal, content and methodlogy of the study work in this paper. the second chapter of this paper focuses on the meterological character, runoff composition character, why not correspondency of ratio of rainfall and runoff in same period to annual value for nianchu river, lasha river, niyang river and the middle reach of yalu - zangbu river
本文第一章介紹了課題的研究背景，提出了研究目標、內容和方法；第二章重點分析了年楚河、拉薩河、尼洋河和雅魯藏布江幹流中游段的氣候特徵，徑流組成特性，同期降水、徑流占年總量比例的不對應特性和原因，徑流年內年際變化規律及徑流深分佈特性，分析了天然洪水的特點和洪水參數；第三章介紹了冰川終磧湖的特點，結合已經發生潰決的冰川終磧湖的有關調查資料和考察資料，分析提出了危險冰湖判別指標和發生潰決的氣候條件、周期性特徵，提出了冰湖潰決洪水的計算途徑。On account of the circumstances, this article attempts to study the system of burden of proof and the principle of its allocation in the collision actions, and then, based on the character of legal system in china and theories of maritime judgement, it tries to analyse the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea, 1972, dig out some problems and put forward some idio - points of view. in the last section of this thesis, the author analyses and inquires into how to institute a rule of burden of producing evidence for collision actions in our country and deems which is propitious to keep the development of shipping in order
有鑒于上述現狀，本文立足於本國法制特徵，在先輩的民事舉證責任制度理論成果基礎上，借鑒英美典型海事判例確定的舉證責任原則，對船舶碰撞中的舉證責任及其分配製度進行了考察；並從舉證責任分配規則的理論角度對1972年《國際海上避碰規則》進行了大膽的評析，在發現問題的基礎上提出了一些個人的觀點，以作為海事司法實踐的參考。It points put that must unify the pattern of making civil paper of judgement in technology to make it measure up the criterion of making as soon as possible. namely, it must open the process of adjudgment and conclude and analyze the process of the party quoting, it enhance argument. in policy, it must promote independence in judicatory, establish the reference policy of prejudication, to abolish the policy of examine and approve paper of judgement
最後提出民事判決書改革要加快技術改良和堅持制度革新的思路，並具體提出在技術層面要盡快統一民事判決書製作樣式，使全國范圍內民事判決書的製作在最短時間內有效達到基本層次上的合乎規范，即判決書要公開審判全過程，要對當事人舉證質證過程全面反映並一一分析認證，要增強說理性等；在制度層面要繼續推動司法獨立、建立判例參考制度、廢除判決書審批制度、建立書記官、法官助理單列制度等。So in this article, induction and deduction is applied to generate the basic principle of special relationships and to analyze them on a case - by - case basis in order to advocate utilitarianism of research
主要由法官的判決意見以及法律的重述組成。因此，本文運用案例比較分析和歸納方法，並參考有關的侵權法律重述，使歸納和演繹方法相結合。When new types of crimes appear, the legislative people always try to find similar existent crimes as reference objects and thus arrange penalties by comparing the social perniciousness between the existent crimes and newly - appearing crimes, so they can keep the balance of the crimes and penalty plays important roles in judge ' s trying cases, and judges will always try to pursue this balance by considering some similar cases
當新的犯罪形態出現時，立法者意念里總會尋找與之相四川大學碩士學位論文似的既存犯罪作參照，比較社會危害性的輕重配置相應刑罰，以維持整個刑罰體系的均衡性。同時，在司法斷案時，罪刑均衡成為法官的內心理念發揮著重要作用，他會考慮相似案例的判決從而尋求量刑上的均衡。This thesis will compare and analyze those relative provisions in contract laws or case laws of some main countries and in international uniform codes in order to provide some advice on how to improve the system of legal termination ( avoidance ) of contracts in our contract law
本文擬對各主要國家的合同法或判例法以及國際統一合同法有關法定解除條件的規定進行比較、評析，以期為進一步完善我國合同法定解除制度提供參考和借鑒。Consulting criterion and experts ’ experience the grade standards of indexes are listed, and applying grey correlation analysis method to calculate value of the indexes, of which the form is a serial data. the last, an actual bridge uses synthesis evaluation model, of which calculating result is the same as conclusion of the experts. so the bridge condition synthesis evaluation model of this dissertation is relatively in reason ; chapter 3 discusses defects of current bridge condition evaluation methods, and analyzes various factors, which bring bridge degeneration
參考《公路橋涵養護規范》中的分級標準進行評語量化，最後根據綜合評價模型進行實橋的評價，驗證本文所用方法的合理性;第三章，討論層次分析法建立橋梁評價模型存在的問題，分析影響橋梁退化的各種因素，並給出因素的模糊分級標準，運用模糊綜合評判方法估算橋梁平均退化率，以掌握橋梁的退化狀態，並舉例說明本方法的可行性;第四章，針對橋梁狀態評價具有信息不完全、關系不明確等灰色特性，以及目前我國橋梁管理部門儲備的橋梁數據資料較少的弱點，對橋梁狀態退化趨勢的預測採用灰色預測的方法，並給出了橋梁狀態的灰色馬爾可夫預測模型和非等時距灰色預測模型。Second, concerning the different features of the provisions, china should invoke those most operative provisions actively in order to bring them into full play ; invoke those less operative provisions as much as possible to help increase their practicability by encouraging the formation of established practice or even case precedents ; take little consideration of those no more worth invoking, but should actively participate in the review and modification of the dispute settlement understanding, and push the clarification of the current provisions and the legislation of more special and differential treatment provisions
其次，從對不同性質的條款的利用對策來看，對操作性強的特殊和差別待遇條款要積極援用，最大限度地發揮其效用；對規定欠缺操作性的條款也要盡可能的援用，以期通過形成慣例甚至判例的形式加強其實用性；對不再具有援用價值的條款可以少作考慮，但我國應當積極參與《諒解》的審議和修訂工作，明確現有條款，並爭取制定更多的特殊和差別待遇條款。The article rests on the examples, precedents and written law via internet ; consults many essays about electronic evidence from domestic and overseas ; draws on the experience of the evidence and information subject ; compares the law, regulations and theory of most of the world ; analyses two important questions : the admissibility and the weight of electroniq evidence ; discusses the way of gathering and operating electronic evidence
文章基於國內外有關電子證據的案例、通過因特網下載的相關立法、司法解釋；參考了國內外有關電子證據方面的論著資料；借鑒了證據法學、信息工程學等學科的理論和方法；比較了世界主要國家在電子證據方面的立法、判例、司法解釋和學說；分析了電子證據可采性和證明力兩個基本問題；探討了電子證據的收集和運用規則。Because our country has no much legislative and judicial practice with regard to the fraud exception of l / c, it is necessary to refer to the international convention, the overseas mature legislation and legal precedents
由於我國在信用證欺詐例外方面缺乏豐富的立法和司法實踐經驗，因此參考國際慣例、借鑒國外成熟立法及判例便成為必要。Referring to three kinds of plan irregularity, structures individually with four kinds of irregularity as eccentricity in one direction, eccentricities in two directions, re - entrant corner irregularity and diaphragm discontinuity have been analyzed to investigate the relationship between torsion effects and parameters of above irregular structures. the parameters and the schemes for determining the scope of structures with different kind of irregularity considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously are proposed, some conclusions have been get as following : it is indicated by the analysis results that torsion effect has no dependency relation with eccentric torsional angel adopted in code for seismic design for buildings. it is suggested that the eccentric torsional angel should not be take as the parameter of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; for the structures with regular plan and elevation and with eccentricity in one direction due to irregular mass layout, the relative eccentricity can be take as the parameter of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; for the structures with regular plan and elevation and with eccentricities in two directions due to irregular mass layout, the ratio of relative eccentricities in two directions and the angel of them can be take as the parameters of torsion effect of structures considering seismic action in two directions simultaneously ; it is indicated by the analysis results that the torsion effect has no dependency relation with re - entrant corner ratio adopted in code for seismic design for buildings as
所取得的主要結論有：結構的扭轉效應與《抗震規范》所採用的扭轉不規則指標即偏心扭轉角之間的相關性較差，偏心扭轉角不宜作為判斷結構是否計及扭轉效應及需考慮雙向水平地震作用的界定指標；對于樓層間均勻偏心的多層單向偏心結構，建議採用相對偏心距作為需考慮雙向水平地震作用的界定指標，並給出針對不同平面尺寸的界限相對偏心距；對于樓層間均勻偏心的多層雙向偏心結構，建議採用兩個主軸方向的相對偏心距及其夾角作為界定指標，結合單向偏心結構的界定方案進行需考慮雙向水平地震作用的結構范圍界定；凸凹不規則結構的扭轉效應與凸凹比例無正相關關系， 《抗震規范》要求所有平面布置不對稱的凸凹不規則結構計及扭轉效應的規定欠妥當，建議凸凹不規則界限值從30改為15 ，只要求分析採用空間模型比較合適； 《抗震規范》關于有效樓板寬度較小的結構需計及扭轉效應的規定很有必要，樓板局部不連續的結構需採用符合樓板實際剛度的計算模型予以分析，可使用相對偏心距（及其夾角）參照單向（和雙向）偏心結構的界定方案，界定樓板局部不連續結構是否需要計入雙向水平地震作用下的扭轉效應。Based on the previous studies and references of instances, the author put forward the concept and characteristics of leisure city, then explores its judgment indexes system. after the analysis of the qualification among some domestic cities to construct leisure city, the paper reaches some conclusions through the example study of positioning hangzhou city as leisure center
在總結前人研究的成果之上經過實例的參考對照，提出了休閑都市的概念及其特徵，並探索性地提出了，其評判指標體系，在對國內部分城市構建休閑都市進行資質分析之後，以杭州構建休閑之都為實證對構建途徑進行較為深入的探討，並得出相關結論。分享友人