It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason
論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多,相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出,如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士,翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的
吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物,由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多,但在《民事證據法(草案) 》的擬定過程中,並未采責任倒置的地位,這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇,誠然,舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險,而「倒置」規則的設計,則在此問題上增加了
原告勝訴的籌碼,在理解何為舉證責任倒置時,本文著重以民事法為主線,指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除
原告的證明責任,而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由
原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔,舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異,但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值,在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形,一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形,而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的
原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件,對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定,若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證,在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時,從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個
原則:程序法與實體法結合
原則,公平
原則,訴訟經濟
原則,保護弱者
原則等,基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念,其次立法應避免求大求全,再次要配合實體法的發展,最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
It was the " four wangs " - namely wang shimin 1592 - 1680, wang jian 1598 - 1677, wang hui 1632 - 1717 and wang yuanqi 1642 - 1715 - who first championed these ideas, and together with wu li 1632 - 1718 and yun shouping 1633 - 1690, they are collectively known as the " six masters of the early qing
這批以仿古為創作核心的畫家後世將之統稱為清初六家,包括號稱為四王的王時敏1592 - 1680王鑒1598 - 1677王? 1632 - 1717王
原祁1642 - 1715 ,及
吳歷1632 - 1718與惲壽平1633 - 1690 。
The gold palace was set up in 1602 at first, chen yong bin of yunnan once followed the taihe temple to set up the copper palace, the original palace was moved to jizhu mountain in ming, then wu sangui rebuilt up the copper palace
金殿初建於1602年,雲南軍門巡撫陳用賓曾仿照武當山中蜂太和宮的樣式建銅殿,明崇禎10年
原殿被移往雞足山,然後清康熙10年由
吳三桂重建這座重檐歇山式銅殿。
Ll that hard work paid off the day her company got its first order from beijings wu mei supermarket. the bags of spuds clearly identified as grassland jin he went on sale over the national holiday week
功夫不負苦心人,
吳瓊的內蒙古草
原金禾生態農業有限公司終于得到了來自北京物美超市集團的第一份訂單。
U qiong is one happy woman. her companys potatoes finally made it to the beijings wu mei supermarket. this is a huge victory for the small wuchuan company called the imar grasslands jinhe ecological farming ltd. its something wu never thought would
看到自己公司包裝好的馬鈴薯就要進入北京物美超市銷售了,內蒙古草
原金禾生態農業有限公司的
吳瓊經理疲憊的臉上終于露出了即將成功的喜悅。
Less dedicated to work was young assistant sek kei shi qi, who went on to become one of hong kong s top critics. his witty reminiscence of his days at the art department in the 1970s gives the melancholic story of cathay a humourous and romantic touch of franois truffaut
而石琪以輕松的過來人身份回想七十年代與
吳宇森等人在國泰當美工和場記的窮風流日子,為
原來有點哀傷的國泰故事,添了絲杜魯福式的幽默與浪漫。
Dongwu port area : with natural coastline of 6 km and planning port coastline of 4. 5 km, it is planned to be another crucial comprehensive port in putian port, engaged in coal, ore, petrochemical industry, raw material, boats repairing and building and ocean heavy industry
東
吳港區:自然岸線6公里,規劃港用岸線4 . 5公里,該港區主要規劃建設為以煤炭、礦石、石油化工、
原材料、修造船基地、海洋重工製造等為主的莆田港又一重要的綜合性港區。
" the cause for the tripping is now under investigation, " said mrs tracy lai, public affairs manager - east rail
九廣東鐵公共事務經理勵
吳麗娟指出:有關跳掣
原因仍在調查之中。
Suzhou tianxiang electrical power equipment co., ltd ( originally named as wuxian hongda thermo industrial control equipment factory ) is a private owned enterprise with approval of valve production qualification for electrical station application
蘇州天翔電力設備有限公司(原吳縣市宏達熱工控制設備廠)是一家通過國家電站閥門生產認可的私營股份制公司。