存在主義學說 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [cúnzàizhǔyìxuéshuō]
存在主義學說 英文
existential
  • 存 : 動詞1 （存在; 生存） exist; live; survive 2 （儲存; 保存） store; keep 3 （蓄積; 聚集） accumulat...
  • 義 : Ⅰ名詞1 （正義） justice; righteousness 2 （情誼） human ties; relationship 3 （意義） meaning; si...
  • 學 : Ⅰ動詞1 （學習） study; learn 2 （模仿） imitate; mimic Ⅱ名詞1 （學問） learning; knowledge 2 （學...
  • 說 : 說動詞（說服別人聽從自己的意見） try to persuade
  • 存在主義 : existentialism （現代資產階級主觀唯心主義哲學學說）存在主義教育 existentialist in education; 存在...
  1. The diaristic novel, nausea, is a representative work by sartre, the forerunner of existentialism

    摘要日記體小說《惡心》是存在主義哲學家薩特的代表作。
  2. It can still be described as " creationism " in holding that divine intervention brought about the origin of life or that divine laws govern formation of species, but in the creation - evolution controversy its proponents generally take the " evolutionist " side while disputing that some scientists ' methodological assumption of materialism can be taken as ontological as well

    它仍然可以被描述為持有神性干涉的「創造說」帶來了生命的起源或神性法則支配物種的形成，但是在造物進化爭論中，它的支持者通常站在「進化論者」一邊同時爭論某些科學家也作為存在論的唯物主義方法假定。
  3. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  4. Standing on the position of law philosophy and sociology of law there are the criticism 、 deconstruction 、 reconstruction to modernism by postmodernism. standing on the position of semeiology the criticism to modernism can be equivalent to the criticism to platonism. modernism insists absolute reason and integrity

    從法哲學、法社會學的角度來說，目前正存在著后現代對現代性的批判、解構與重構，從符號學的角度說，對現代性的批判可以放到一個更大范圍內的對柏拉圖主義的批判。
  5. Chapter iv introduces the common doctrine that there is not a de jure stare decisis in the dsm according to the text of the wto, the viewpoint of appellate body and the allegation of some scholars, and then questions the reasons by which of the common doctrine excludes the system of stare decisis. this chapter continues to examine the practice of wto adjudic

    第四章首先根據wto的約文、上訴機構的觀點和學者們的主張，闡述了在wto爭端解決中不存在法律上先例制度的通說，並對學說上主張wto排斥先例制度的理由提出質疑，進而通過考察wto爭端解決實踐，得出了wto爭端解決中存在事實上遵循先例的結論，並進一步探討了在wto爭端解決中確立正式先例制度的意義和必要性以及諸先例之間的位階關系等問題。
  6. Par method can explain the whole process of " problem - program " as well as improve substantially the programming skills of students ; about the implement technology, the popular generic paradigm is incorporated and the results in ai ( knowledge representation and automated reasoning ) are used, which enables the system to be a truly " open system " with infinitely many problems and solutions, instead of just a compilation of fixed ones ; about the function of the system, it incarnates the constructivism and it has excellent human - machine interface, concurrence, and openness

    Par方法可以說清「問題程序」的全過程，可以解決現有程序設計教學存在的根本問題，幫助學習者實質性地提高程序設計的能力；在實現技術方面，借鑒了當代流行的泛型思想，並將人工智慧在知識表示、自動推理等研究中形成的思想方法和成果應用於程序設計icai系統的開發，使得系統具有一個既有問題又有解答的無限題庫，這些解答是由自動推理產生的而不再是固定問題、答案的堆砌；在系統功能方面，充分體現了建構主義思想，具有良好的人機交互性、並發性和開放性。
  7. The paper explores the relationships between german classical bildungsroman and its american counterpart and closely differentiates one from the other from the themes of the genre, the personalities of the protagonists, their lot in life, their behaviors, and the textual structure, and analyses the reasons for the evolution of the genre from social, cultural, existential and psycho - analytical perspectives

    摘要從小說主題，主人公性格特徵、人生遭際、行為方式和文本的結構等方面，辨析德國經典成長小說和美國成長小說之間的聯系和差異；從社會、文化、存在主義哲學和精神分析學等視角分析成長小說變異和發展的成因。
  8. The word " schema " first appeared in kant ' works at that time, kant attempt to combine the knowledge category with the perceptual object by scheme to find its great influence on knowledge acquisition, but his scheme was priori in the history of modern psychology, the gestalt school was the first one who payed attention to schema at the general theory level, and jean piaget also thought highly of schema, his theory was called schema theory, but this theory neglect the function of society and education, that is to say, in some degree his scheme theory has the incline of biologization

    但其理論忽視社會和教育的作用，因此，其圖式學說存在一定程度的生物化傾向。從心理學史發展的另一條線?經驗主義來看，重視過去經驗的作用，認為圖式具有積極主動加工的特點。現代圖式理論是在吸收了理性主義和經驗主義，又在信息科學、計算機科學的發展以及心理學關于表徵研究的基礎上，於20世紀80年代興起。
  9. Preface explains subject, gist, outline and writing significance about this dissertation in detail, introduces briefly primary contents of each special subject discussion, clarifies the main concept and view, specially, it offers the knowledge of background and writing train of thought. through this, the preface indicates the main purposes of this dissertation, which include opening out deep causes and its important social influence, summarizing ontologically its possibility of disciplinarity as a basic social being, providing a clear concept about disciplinarity, clearing up the origin and development, then, reflecting some practical problems in constructing disciplines

    緒論對本論文的選題、主旨、提綱以及寫作意義做了詳細說明，簡單介紹了各專題性論述的主要內容，澄清了論文中的主要概念、觀點，特別是提供了論文寫作的基本背景知識和思路等，指出本論文主要的目的就是試圖揭示出近代學科規訓制度產生發展的深層原因及其重要的社會影響，總結學科規訓制度作為一種基本社會存在在本體論意義上可能性，提供一個關于學科規訓制度的清晰概念，釐清它的來龍去脈，進而結合學科規訓制度來思考當前學科制度建設當中的一些現實問題。
  10. As the start point, the first part makes out the detonation of mocc, based on the marxism theory of class and class struggle. it argues that mocc mean the appearance of magnifying the class struggle existed in some degree in the guiding ideology and practice during the socialism period because of kinds of reasons

    作為分析的起點，文章第一部分在介紹馬克思主義關于階級和階級斗爭學說的基礎上，對階級斗爭擴大化的內涵作了界定和分析，認為階級斗爭擴大化是指：在無產階級專政的社會主義歷史時期，由於種種社會歷史原因，導致在指導思想上或實際工作中出現誇大一定范圍內存在的階級斗爭的現象。
  11. The problems mainly lie in that the previous research mainly focuses on the relation between education and life, especially on that between teaching and life, but little on the connection between moral and life or moral education and life, due to the failure to realize that life is more important for moral education. even if there are some, they are sporadic and unsystematic. most of the studies remain superficial without a radical transformation of the angle, let alone the construction of a theoretical model of moral education based on life to be put into practice

    但綜觀已有的研究，至少在理論上還存在以下幾個方面的問題：以往的研究主要是就教育、尤其是教學和生活間的關系進行的，很少正面闡述道德、道德教育和生活的聯系，而生活對于道德教育來說有著更為重要的意義；即便對于道德教育和生活的關系的探討，也主要還是零散的、缺乏系統深入的思考，大多數仍然停留在問題的表層，談不上研究視角的根本轉換，更談不上在理論上構建以生活為基礎的道德教育模式並轉化為相應的實踐。
  12. Actually, the wang school is connected with two new schools in view of authority form and criticism of the people in the song dynasty : one is authority form made up of three books of new meaning and zi shuo, and different from the wang school ; the other is the same as the wang school made up of new meaning, new word school, new style of study, new school, and they have three meanings : authority learning, jing xue, and school

    實際上，從王學官學化、 「新學」概念的由來、內涵及宋人態度等看來，王學與新學在歷史上分別與兩種「新學」概念相聯系：一是見于史料、立於學宮、主要包括《三經新義》 、 《字說》的與「王學」存在差異的「新學」 ；一是由新經義、新字學、新學風、新學學派等四個構成，有官學、新經學、學派三種含義與「王學」完全等同的「新學」 。
  13. Lu ling ' s novels and existentialism

    路翎小說與存在主義哲學
  14. If be opposite, the study of the basic theory of the basic knowledge of the party, marxism is harvested somewhat, can adopt the form that the thought reports, get on understanding of study experience, thought to raise the problem with the not clear understanding that reachs existence newly to knit a specification to leading party group ; if be opposite, the course of the party, guiding principle, policy or a central task of period have what view, oneself attitude can demonstrate in thought report, clarify oneself viewpoint ; if entered significant activity or study certain and serious article, the education that can get oneself writes leading party group to knit ; when if encounter, producing great politics event domestic and internationally, want to improve substaintial to incident knowledge through learning, banner brightly organizes the position that indicates his to the party ; if individual interest was encountered to be the same as collective interest, state interest in his daily life, produce contradictory problem, can have oneself what idea, the case that how be treated and handles organizes a report to the party ; to make leading party group knits the closest to oneself thought circumstance to understand somewhat, be about the thought state oneself, had what progress, put in what problem and the plan that will increase henceforth to wait it is clear to write. . the last share that reports in the thought, can write go up to oneself request to what leading party group knits and hope, if hope party organization strengthens the education to oneself and education, point out the effort henceforth direction is waited a moment

    如對黨的基本知識、馬克思主義的基本理論的學習有所收獲，便可以通過思想匯報的形式，將學習體會、思想熟悉上新的提高及存在的熟悉不清的問題向黨組織說明；如對黨的路線、方針、政策或一個時期的中心任務有什麼看法，可以在思想匯報中表明自己的態度，闡明自己的觀點；假如參加了重要的活動或學習了某些重要文章，可以把自己受到的教育寫給黨組織；如碰到國內外發生重大政治事件時，則要通過學習提高對事件本質的熟悉，旗幟鮮明地向黨組織表明自己的立場；如在自己的日常生活中碰到了個人利益同集體利益、國家利益發生矛盾的問題，可以把自己有哪些想法，如何對待和處理的情況向黨組織匯報；為了使黨組織對自己最近的思想情況有所了解，就要把自己的思想狀況，有了哪些進步，存在什麼問題以及今後提高的打算等寫清楚… …在思想匯報的最後部分，可寫上自己對黨組織的請求和希望，如希望黨組織加強對自己的培養和教育，指出今後的努力方向等等。
  15. With the retrospect and critique of the existing firm theory, this paper analyses the possible faults of each school ' s theory, which includes the theory of smith, marx, new classical and neo - institution, and utilizes the historical data to analyze the relation between the firm ' s boundary and income, and classifies the direct and indirect income of the firm to establish a new function of the firm ' s boundary which can explain the changes of the firm scale and the effect of the perfecting institution diminishing the transaction cost and raising the efficiency of the society action

    論文首先對現有的企業理論進行了批判性的回顧，逐一分析各學派包括斯密、馬克思、新古典以及新制度學派的理論可能存在的不足和缺陷。在此基礎上，論文利用歷史數據分析企業邊界與企業收入之間的關系，區分顯性收入和隱性收入，建立新的企業規模函數。在證明新的企業規模函數的合理性的基礎上，論文利用這一函數解釋企業的變遷，說明制度的完善將降低交易費用，提高社會活動的效率，並且認為隨著制度的完善、個人目標和社會目標的趨同，共產主義社會並非是遙不可及的夢想。
  16. In order to overcome their own one - sidedness, the school of existential education, the humanistic education and cooperation education all have made some active and beneficial explorations. the achievements from these explorations provide us with widely thinking space to research and explore the rbts

    為了克服「教師中心說」與「兒童中心說」各自的片面性，存在主義教育流派、人本主義教育流派、合作教育學在師生關系問題上各自作了一些積極而有益的探索，為我們研究和探索師生關系提供了廣闊的思維空間。
  17. All the legal doctrines belong to two major batches according to their attitude toward legislation and law : one group is represented by legal positivism, the other include natural law, historical jurisprudence and sociological jurisprudence, etc. the former maintains that legislation equals to law and authority is the basis of law, while the latter believe that law is different from legislation

    如果以是否區別制定法與法律作為判別標準，諸種法律學說就可以被劃分成兩個陣營：一方以實證主義法學為代表；另一方則包括自然法學、歷史法學和社會學法學等學說。前一派主張所謂法律就是制定法，立法者的權威是法律成立的根據。后一派則認為制定法之外，另有「法律」存在，制定法要以其為準據。
  18. In chapter one, we analyze the views of the effect of monetary policy of economists of different schools. on the whole, keynesian economists think the monetary policy can play a role in stabilizing economic fluctuation because of the existence of salary and price rigidities, but new - classical economists debate that monetary policy is invalid

    第一章我們系統分析了不同流派的經濟學家對貨幣政策有效性的觀點，總體來說，凱恩斯主義經濟學家認為由於工資和價格粘性的存在，貨幣政策能夠起到平抑經濟波動的作用，而新古典經濟學家則認為貨幣政策是無效的。
  19. This article includes four parts : part 1 makes a brief introduction of constructivism and interprets the viewpoint on learning and teaching in view of it ; part 2 analyses the structure of mental representation of mathematics concept and troubles which students usually meet ; part 3 elaborates the different way to obtain mathematics concept in initial stage and deepening stage ; part 4, at first, elaborates how to instruct the students to construct correct mental representation in view of constructivism, then illustrates how to engage in concrete practice on the teaching of mathematics concept by means of an example ( the teaching of reasonable number )

    全文共分四大部分：第一部分簡單地介紹了建構主義理論，以及在建構主義觀點下的學習觀和教學觀；第二部分從四個材料出發，分析數學概念的心理表徵的結構，以及學生所建立的認知結構中普遍存在的問題；第三部分闡述學生形成的數學概念在初識階段和深化階段不同的獲得方式；第四部分首先闡述在建構主義觀點下如何去指導學生建立正確的心理表徵，然後通過一個教學範例（有理數的教學）說明在建構主義觀點下如何去進行數學概念的教學實踐。
  20. The world created in hemingway ' s novels and existentialism

    論海明威小說中的世界與存在主義哲學
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