指導性說明 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhǐdǎoxìngshuōmíng]
指導性說明 英文
guidance note
  • 指 : 指構詞成分。
  • 導 : 動詞1. （引導） lead; guide 2. （傳導） transmit; conduct 3. （開導） instruct; teach; give guidance to
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 說 : 說動詞（說服別人聽從自己的意見） try to persuade
  • 明 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （明亮） bright; brilliant; light 2 （明白;清楚） clear; distinct 3 （公開;顯露在外;不隱...
  • 指導 : guide; direct; guidance; conduct; direction
  • 說明 : 1 （解釋明白） explain; illustrate; show 2 （解釋意義的話） illustration; instruction; explicatio...
  1. Research by robert sussman, of washington university, st louis, has identified that teeth belonging to an older species of ancient humans, australopithecus afarensis, were poorly adapted for meat eating, suggesting that it was not a hunter

    說明：在整個教學過程中教師只是指導者，整個學習過程主要都由學生自己掌握，這樣可增加他們的學習積極性和自主性。
  2. In the government accounting and reporting context, the muti - objectives of management accounting reflect different user ' s needs for costs in formation of government departments, management costs accounting standards should define the role of management costs accounting in government financial management, and clarify how to prepare the costs information related to budgeting, financial reporting, management controlling and decision making instructively, facing the conceptual conflicts among different dimensions of government management costs accounting

    摘要在政府會計和報告環境中，管理成本會計的多元化目標體現了政府部門成本信息不同使用者的需求，相應的管理成本會計準則需要明確闡述管理成本會計在財務管理中的作用，並指導性地說明如何提供與預算、財務報告、管理控制和決策制定相關的成本信息，也因此會面臨政府部門管理成本會計不同目標維度之間的概念沖突。
  3. According to the highway requirement of building project investment and the principle of integration of theory with practice, the author manages to guide the practice of the transform project of tongliang - hechuan 2th road and carries out the appraisement research of economic integration including analysing the historic background and existing questions of this project, proposing the essentiality to upgrading and revising this road, analyzing the economic evaluating method of road, studying the investment evaluation and capital raising of tongliang - hechuan 2th road. at the same times, the author has carried through particular and systemic evaluation for the project and the result is feasible

    基於上述認識，作者以公路工程改造建設為背景，進行深入的剖析，按照公路建設項目投資管理的要求，本著理論聯系實際的原則，運用研究的理論指導銅梁合川二級公路改造項目的實踐，對其進行綜合經濟評價研究，包括對銅梁合川二級公路的現狀和存在問題進行說明分析、提出進行公路改造的必要性、公路交通經濟評價理論分析、對銅梁合川二級公路的改造進行投資估算和資金籌措，並對該改建項目進行了詳細而系統的經濟評價，結論是可行的。
  4. On the deep foundation that studies and understands thermaldynamic system of steam power plant, this text is to compare analytic theories and computation method constantly used at present on the economy of thermaldynamic system of steam power plant, calculate the influences on thermal economy with theory of equivalent enthalpy drop when high pressure heater is into stoppage, prove influences degree on thermal economy when the composition of heater stoppage is diffrent, define regenerator rate and offer theoretical direction for heater stoppage

    本文在對火力發電廠熱力系統深入學習、掌握的基礎上，對目前幾種常用的火力發電廠熱力系統經濟性分析理論和計算方法進行了比較，以等效焓降理論對高壓加熱器停運時熱經濟性的影響進行了計算，說明了高壓加熱器各種停運組合對熱經濟性的影響程度;提出了加熱器回熱率概念，從而為高壓加熱器切除提供了理論指導。
  5. Although economic and population specialists and scholars both in abroad and at home have made extreme progress on research the question of rural labor since they studied it very long ago, as far as china is concerned, based on the following three aspects, firstly, the national condition of our country determined that the foreign theory such as lewis theory might instruct us but we ca n ' t use these theories without rectification ; secondly, in china, our research about this question prefer the qualitative analysis to the quantitative analysis ; thirdly, the research on the labor utilization and shift in this specific area, that is, in the mountainous rural area which covers 69 % of our mainland and occupies 56 % of population is absolutely scarce in present ? to make up for the three deficiencies, this paper selects the econometrics analysis, uses investigation data and by virtue of tsp software, establishes a model where shift labor is the dependent variable and the citilization ratio, industrial structure, the income gap between city and country, the rural infrastructure construction, the labor ' s aptitude and the population ' s natural growth ratio are the variableso through economic, statistical and econometrical test, the conclusion is attained : the income gap between city and country and the citilization ratio are the two most important fectors which affect the labor ' s utilization and shift in mountainous rural area -, the rural infrastructure construction and the labor ' s aptitude are the two relative important factors which affect the labor ' s utilization and shift in mountainous rural area while the rural industrial structure and the population ' s natural growth ratio are the two least important factors according to this, this paper puts forward several suggestions that the income gap between city and country, citilization ratio, rural education, rural industrial structure and agricultural mechanization should be carefully treated with on studying the question of labor utilization and shift in mountainous rural area. finally, this paper points to several suspending problems about this research in order to get the concern of specialist and scholars

    盡管國內外經濟和人口學方面的專家與學者很早就開始了對農村勞動力問題的研究並取得了極大的進展，但是，我國在研究農村勞動力問題時，基於三點：其一，我國國情決定了國外的理論例如劉易斯理論，雖然對研究我國的農村勞動力問題具有指導意義，但卻不能照搬這些理論；其二，從國內看，我國對該問題的研究重視定性分析而定量分析明顯不足；其三，缺乏對我國占國土面積69 、人口56的山區農村這一特殊區域內的勞動力開發利用及轉移的專門性研究。為了彌補這三個缺憾，論文採用經濟計量學的數量分析方法，利用實際調查資料，藉助tsp軟體，建立了以外出勞動力數量為被解釋變量，城市化率、農村產業結構、城鄉收入差距、農村社會基礎設施建設、農村勞動力素質以及人口自然增長率六個變量為解釋變量的模型，通過對該模型進行經濟學、統計學、經濟計量學三個方面的檢驗，得出如下結果：城鄉收入差距和城市化率是影響山區農村勞動力開發利用及轉移的最重要的兩個因素；農村社會基礎設施建設和農村勞動力素質是較為重要的兩個影響因素；而農村產業結構和人口自然增長率相對來說是較不顯著的影響因素。據此，本文提出了在研究山區農村勞動力開發利用及轉移問題時，應慎重對待城鄉收入差距、城市化水平、農村勞動力素質、農村產業結構、農業機械化五個問題。
  6. Through the introduction of an urban ecological housing design specification and several schemes under its guidance, this article shows the effect of sustainable development concept on stimulating creative thinking and proves its great importance to integrate researches with architectural education

    本文通過介紹一個城市生態住宅設計任務書，以及在此任務書的指導下做出的幾個方案，展示了可持續發展觀念在激發創造性思維方面的作用，同時也說明科研與建築教學相結合的重要意義。
  7. From mathematical models for inverse scattering in two dimensional inho - mogenous media including variable impedance, all kinds of probable mixed variable impedance boundaries and cracks, from interior and exterior trans - mission problems and radiation condition, ill - posed integral equation and indicator function method are formulated for the diverse of boundary iden - tification. it is shown that the kernel of the integral equation characters the boundary of scatterer, which is determined by solving it by virtual of regularity method, meanwhile, some numerical tests are given. 3

    在二維非均勻介質逆散射邊界識別的數學模型（包括一般的非均勻介質，正交各向異性介質，變阻抗介質，各種可能的混合變阻抗邊界問題）下，由內透射問題和外透射問題以及輻射條件，推導了上述介質的邊界識別的積分方程和指示函數方法，由於積分方程的核充分表徵了散射物的邊界，由此說明只要利用正則化方法求解該積分方程，就可以確定散射物的邊界。
  8. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  9. The thesis includes three creative teaching cases on middle - school physics teaching : the resistance creative teaching design, investigative study - - lenz law teaching design, outer - classroom investigative activity design. these designs are directed by the above - mentioned theories, also demonstrated and illuminated by them

    「電阻」創新教學設計，探究性學習? ? 「楞次定律」教學設計，課外探究活動設計案例等三個中學物理創新教學設計案例既是前述理論指導下的成果，也是前述理論的論證和說明。
  10. The precondition of studying the distribution of burden of proof in civil lawsuit is to correctly set theoretical definitions for burden of proof as well as the object of burden of proof. going through various viewpoints upon the distribution of burden of proof, they, guided by the substantive law and the principle of justice and fairness, have respective limitations, they strive for the predictability and stability of law, but unavoidably face the problem of little flexibility, which might make the results not so fair, the substantive standards highlight a great flexibility, but might cause careless judge due to the uncertainty of standards

    綜觀證明責任分配諸說，雖均以符合實體法宗旨與公平正義原則為指導思想，但各有其局限，形式性標準致力於實現法的可預測性與穩定性，但卻不可避免地存在靈活性不足的問題，可能使證明責任負擔的結果有欠公平，實質性標準實現了靈活性的長處，卻又存在因標準不確定導致法官恣意裁判危及正義的可能。
  11. The efforts the government made to push the movement of esops in china, particularly in laws and regulations even they were not successful completely up to now. the last part in this chapter focuses on the existing problems of fulfilling esops in china at present and some suggestions which are given to perfect its movement in china according to us experience

    總結：通過以上的闡述與分析，說明在美國政府的引導與支持下，在有關理論的指導下，員工持股計劃已經獲得蓬勃發展，該計劃使企業與員工的利益結合起來，激發員工的創造性和責任感，從而促使整個社會經濟穩定快速的發展。
  12. The strength is a main mechanics performance index of the concrete. it has always been a focus of material scientific research of concrete. models about mechanics characteristic of concrete were mostly the understanding based on material macroscopical level of concrete in the past. its main characteristic turns the material ideal with heterogeneous, nonuniform nature into the even, continuous body and carry on modeling. this kind simplified and met project practice ' s demands to a certain extent, but it is difficult to study the influence produced toward strength of material of structure of the microcosmic or the mescoscopic within the concrete material with this kind of method

    以往有關混凝土力學特性的模型大多是基於混凝土材料宏觀層次的認識，其主要特點是把具有多相、非均勻性質的材料理想化為均勻、連續體進行建模，這種簡化盡管在一定程度上滿足了工程實踐的需要，卻難以用這種方法來研究混凝土材料內部微觀或細觀結構對材料強度所產生的影響，不能說明材料內部結構如孔結構變化時強度的變化規律，也不能用於指導如何改進材料的組成和微觀結構而達到提高混凝土強度的目的。
  13. Special emphasis is laid upon the construction operation process of flat tunnels with outsized span at even shallow depth, meanwhile, how to build large span flat tunnel is briefed in this article. measures taken to reduce vibrations caused by explosion in driving tunnel and surface subsidence and methods of monitoring and surveying in the course of construction are detailed in this article

    本文扼要介紹了大跨扁平隧道的施工方法，重點闡述了特大跨超淺埋扁平隧道的施工工藝過程，對爆破振動和地表沉降的控制方法，以及施工監控量測的過程和方法，並通過對量測結果的分析，說明監控量測對施工的指導作用，並對圍巖穩定性進行了一些簡要分析。
  14. At the same time, a decision is made that america paradigm and soviet union paradigm should n ' t be looked upon as the guideline of china ' s economic paradigm and that in idea paradigm marxian economics has common ground with institutional economics and a set of socialism economics theory in rule paradigm and practice paradigm should be formed on the basis of idea paradigm afforded by marxian economics and by inheriting and reconstructing marxian economics in accordance with institutional economics, because we know that marxian economics is more abundant in connotation than institutional economics and the logic space afforded by its idea paradigm is great although it is impossible to specifically guide china ' s economy hi transitional period for the limitation of its historical background

    而分析馬克思主義政治經濟學的觀念範式不難發現其與制度經濟學的通約性，二者在研究框架和內容（外涵與外延）的比較進一步說明這一點，然而馬克思主義政治經濟學所包含內涵卻比制度經濟學豐富許多，由於馬克思主義政治經濟學受所產生的時代的限制，不可能對社會主義轉型時期經濟理論予以具體指導，而其觀念範式所提供的邏輯空間卻是巨大的。所以，筆者認為，在重建中國經濟學範式的過程中，除了應當以馬克思經濟學的觀念範式為基礎外，還應結合西方經濟學範式理論，即以「馬學為體，西學為用」 ，做到對馬克思經濟學的傳承創新，對西方經濟學範式的超越，在規則範式和操作範式上完成社會主義經濟理論的建構。
  15. Finally, combined with the reliability and maintainability problem of xx missile system, the validity of above methods and the superiority of index verification method based on multi - source prior information have been proved

    最後，結合xx導彈武器系統的可靠性與維修性指標驗證問題，說明了上述方法的有效性和基於多源驗前信息的指標驗證方法的優越性。
  16. Aerospace ; brazed and high - temperature brazed components ; directions for design

    航空和航天.釬焊和高溫釬焊元件.設計指導性說明
  17. Transportation services - guidance notes on the application of en iso 9002 to the road transport, storage and distribution industries

    運輸服務.道路運輸，儲藏和配送企業應用en iso 9002指導性說明
  18. Then, the article is explaining the research method. if the gained knowledge is unity and pithily in rational aspect, and contains completely and has ability to explain in experiential aspect, and has proper directive function, we can think it is reliable. chapter one is review of the theory of types of administrative acts

    其次說明本文的方法論，如果所獲得的知識在理性層面上具有融貫性和簡潔性，在經驗層面具有涵蓋性和說明能力，對實踐則具有適切的指導性，就可以認為這一知識是可靠的。
  19. Therefore, it looks especially important to strengthen the research on theenterprise management innovation at the era of knowledge economy. stating the different characters between the traditional economy andknowledge economy, as well as the influences on the traditional economy brought " by the modem economy, the following writing point s out the necessity of thedevelopment of the enterprise management innovation

    從這個意義上講，管理創新在企業創新中處于綜合統籌，指導協調的地位。因此，在知識經濟時代加強對企業管理創新的研究尤為重要。本文通過闡述知識經濟的特徵和與傳統經濟的不同，知識經濟對傳統企業管理所帶來的影響，說明企業管理創新的必要性，說明只有通過企業管理創新才能發展。
  20. Describes how to use extended properties to add descriptive or instructional text, input masks, and formatting rules as properties of objects in a database or of the database itself

    介紹如何使用擴展屬性添加說明性或指導性文本、輸入掩碼和格式規則，作為數據庫對象或數據庫本身的屬性。
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