推定的同意 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [tuīdìngdetóngyì]
推定的同意 英文
constructive assent
  • 推 : 動詞1 （向外用力使物體移動） push; shove 2 （磨或碾） turn a mill or grindstone; grind 3 （剪或削...
  • 定 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （平靜; 穩定） calm; stable 2 （已經確定的; 不改變的） fixed; settled; established Ⅱ動詞...
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 意 : Ⅰ名詞1 （意思） meaning; idea 2 （心愿; 願望） wish; desire; intention 3 （人或事物流露的情態）su...
  • 推定 : calculation
  1. They accepted that changes to ownership rules, and to “ cabotage ” rights that prohibit european airlines from operating on american domestic routes, were not on the table ? but decided to press ahead regardless

    他們同意，所有權法案，以及禁止歐洲航空公司在美國運營境內航線的航空運輸業限制，對這些的修改都不在討論之列，但是，他們決定無論任何都要推進對這些修改的談判。
  2. As long as such accidents do not occur because of mistakes on the part of sic, under conditions not against the law, ticket holders shall waive damage claims, demands or law suits against sic, china auto sports association, fia, foa, fom, sponsors of f1 world championship, the 2004 china grand prix, other companies designated by sic and organizers, operators and promoters

    只要該等事故非上海國際賽車場有限公司過錯造成，並且在不違背法律的前提下，持票觀眾同意放棄或免除對上海國際賽車場有限公司、中國汽車運動聯合會、國際汽車運動聯合會（ fia ） 、一級方程式賽車行政管理有限公司（ foa ） 、一級方程式賽車管理公司（ fom ） 、 f1世界錦標賽2004年中國大獎賽賽事贊助商、其他上海國際賽車場有限公司指定的公司以及所有參與組織，運作，推廣賽事的人員因事故所發生的損失、損害等提出任何請求或訴訟。
  3. In the first part, the concepts of the completely normal spaces and strong completely normal spaces in l - topological spaces are defined, which are the generalization of the completely normal spaces in general topological spaces. they are some good properties such as hereditary, weakly homeomorphism invariant properties, good l - extension, but they are n ' t producible in general. moreover, their several sufficient and necessary conditions in induced spaces are presented

    第一部分的主要內容如下：第一部分這一部分是將一般拓撲學的完全正規分離性的概念推廣到了l -拓撲空間，給出了l -拓撲空間的完全正規分離性和強完全正規分離性的定義並討論了它們的若干性質，比如，它們都是可遺傳的，弱同胚不變的， 「 lowen意義下好的推廣」等。
  4. As for acquiring customers, the game between bank and credit card customer is firstly analyzed, and on the base of the analysis, we can conclude that customers are to obey theirs credit under the rule that customers credit records are shared among the banks. therefore the bank can enlarge its customer group by granting credit to them and the relationship between banks and customers can be established. at the same time, the structure of personal credit evaluation is proposed, the fuss synthesize evaluation method is applied in the case

    在分析客戶關系管理的基本思路應用於信用卡的具體模式時，在獲取客戶關系方面，文章首先分析了信用卡客戶與銀行的信用博弈關系，提出了在銀行業內部徵信的前提下，銀行應對客戶建立善意推定，相信客戶的信用能力，廣泛授信，建立信用卡客戶關系；同時提出了在徵信前提下，銀行信用卡的個人信用評估指標體系以及信用程度的模糊綜合評判法，並進行了算例分析。
  5. The reconstructing of enterprises to stock companies and the negotiable securites exchange in the market after they come into being are revolution of chinese economy system, which has the meaning of lining out the era. the thesis is based on the transformation of chinese accounting target, and challenges to the questions of accounting information quality. on the influence of accounting rule internationalization and other aspects. the thesis affirm sufficiently the great driving function to which stock system gives in chinese accounting idea progress, at the same time it disclose the transformation background of chinese accounting system and its main content

    企業股份制改造和股份公司成立后進入市場進行證券交易，是我國經濟體制的一次具有劃時代意義的大變革，同時也有力地推動了我國會計制度的變革。本文首先從我國會計目標的轉變、會計信息質量受到挑戰、具體會計準則的產生、會計思想與國際接軌等方面，充分肯定了股份制對我國會計思想的發展所起到的巨大推動作用，也在另一方面顯示了會計準則制度制定的時滯性，揭示了我國會計制度改革的背景和主要內容。
  6. Based on the definition and research category of agricultural information, this paper analyzes and designs the structure, function and the developmental method of agricultural expert system, summarizes the previous successful experiences and its disadvantages both abroad and home. on the ground of investigating and analyzing the practicing process of national intelligent agricultural demonstrating project " 863 - 11 ", the essay also raises the several different demonstrating and application modes under the different agricultural productive and technical conditions, such modes as " state farm + family farm ", " agriculture related enterprise + government + fanner ", " national technique spreading system + government + farmer ", analyses the applying conditions of every mode. finally, the essay also discusses the deficiency existed in practical demonstrating experience and its countermeasures, and provides theoretic and practical guide for further development.

    本文首先根據農業信息化的含義和研究范疇，分析構建了智能化農業專家系統的結構、功能、開發方法，總結了國內外智能化農業專家系統理論研究和實踐應用中的經驗教訓，並以國家智能化農業示範工程「 863 - 11 」為背景，通過對示範區開發和應用過程的調查和分析，總結概括智能化農業示範工程的經驗和教訓，提出了在不同的農業生產環境和條件下，智能化農業的研究和應用推廣模式和方式，例如「國營農場+家庭農場」 、 「龍頭涉農企業+政府+農戶」 、 「政府+農業技術推廣站+農戶」等模式，分析了每種模式的適用范圍、推廣特色和優勢，並對示範應用中出現的問題及解決方法進行了探討，對我國農業專家系統研究和應用具有一定的理論和現實意義。
  7. In the part of analysis of advantages and disadvantages of presumption of knowledge, it analyses that presumption of knowledge favorably serves to distribute reasonably the responsibility of producing ? evidence, to realize impartiality and efficiency of procedural law and to satisfy the needs of reality and criminal policy. on the other hand, it provides theoretical preparation for prevention of risk by pointing out its disadvantages of the inaccuracy in the presumed results and the possibility of presuming negligence as knowledge

    「明知推定的利弊分析」部分，則分析了明知推定具有合理分配提供證據的責任，實現訴訟法之公正與效益價值，滿足現實需要與刑事政策需要等作用；同時也存在推定結果精確性有欠缺和疏忽大意過失可能被推定為明知等弊端，為防範風險提供理論準備。
  8. The main body of the dissertation is from the second section ( the first chapter ) to the fifth section ( the fourth chapter ), which firstly discusses the evolvement of american economic recovery policy toward japan and argues that the economic recovery policy toward japan was the inevitable result which the united states pursued her global containment strategies, with the changes of the international situation and the economic conditions in japan, the u. s. regarded japan " s accession to gatt gradually as the most important objective of the economic recovery policy toward japan ; secondly explains in detail that the u. s. fought up against the old guard in congress persistently in order to win the authorization from reciprocal trade agreements act ( rtaa ) so as to conduct the crucial tariff negotiations with japan, and emphasizes mainly that the executive had to seek for the balance between the national interest and oversea interest because of the strong forces of the domestic protectionism group, but made efforts to make foreign economic policy which is favourable to the latter because of the need of the cold war strategies ; thirdly analyzes the basic contents of u. s. - japanese tariff negotiations briefly and summarizes the results of the negotiations, and considers that under a large number of concession which the u. s. made in the negotiations, the japanese could change american political and strategical interest into the japanese trade interest and became the main winner ; fourthly researches mainly british diplomatic policy towards japan " s accession to gatt and american reaction to the policy and influence on it, and american roles in

    第二部分（第一章）至第五部分（第四章）是論文的主體部分，首先論述美國對日經濟復興政策的演變歷程，提出美國對日本的經濟復興政策是美國推行全球冷戰戰略的必然結果，隨著國際形勢和日本經濟狀況的變化，美國逐漸將推動日本入關視為對日經濟復興政策的最重要目標；其次詳細闡述為了獲得《互惠貿易協定法》的授權，以便與日本進行重要的關稅談判，美國政府和國會保守派持續不斷地作斗爭，重點強調，鑒于國內貿易保護主義勢力的強大，行政部門不得不尋求國內利益和海外利益的平衡，但同時出於冷戰戰略的考慮，又盡量使對外經濟政策向後者傾斜；第三，扼要分析美日關稅談判的基本內容，並總結關稅談判的結果，認為美國政府在談判中對日本政府所做的大幅度讓步，使得日本人能夠將美國的政治、戰略利益轉化為日本的商貿利益，從而成為談判的最大贏家；第四，重點研究英國對日本入關的外交政策和美國對該政策的反應、施加的影響，在國際斗爭中美國為日本入關而發揮的作用以及日本人自己做出的努力，指出雖然在美國施加的強大壓力下，英國政府最終同意日本成為關貿總協定的成員國，但是它依然以國家利益為重，對日本援引關貿總協定第35條，不給予其商品最惠國待遇。 」
  9. This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in china wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following : first, under the condition that there is a distance of time between inj ury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation ; the second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries ; the third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation

    本文重點探討的就是公民生命權受到侵害、健康權受到侵害、 「死者人格」受到侵害這三種情形下的受害人近親屬的精神損害賠償請求權問題。探討以介紹和比較國外相關法律規定和學術理論為前提，結合我國的實際情況，從理論與實踐相結合的角度對以上各問題分別進行了分析，並提出了作者自己的一些見解：第一、在公民從受傷害到死亡有一段時間距離的情形下，死者的近親屬除依法享有其固有的精神損害賠償請求權以外，還可以繼承死者生前就其所受之精神損害而享有的精神損害賠償請求權；第二、在加害人的行為已造成直接受害人殘疾，或者是造成其健康嚴重受損的其他後果的情形下，我國應在借鑒國外已有立法和判例的基礎上，賦予一定范圍內的受害人近親屬以精神損害賠償請求權；第三、法律保護死者人格不受侵害的目的是為了保護死者近親屬的利益和維護公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近親屬能證明其訴訟主體的合法性，能夠證實侵害「死者人格」的行為已構成侵權，即可推定死者近親屬因此而遭受了精神痛苦? ?無須舉證的「名義上的精神損害」 ，死者近親屬即可提起精神損害賠償之訴。最後，本文認為，加強對受害人近親屬的權利和利益保護問題的研究，既有一定的必要性，同時又具有十分重要的現實意義。
  10. Unless a different intention appears from the terms of the policy, an insurance against total loss includes a constructive, as well as an actual, total loss

    除非保險單條款另有不同的意思，全損險除承保實際全損外，還承保推定全損。
  11. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  12. The group is charged with the responsibility to advise on the formulation of risk communication strategies and action plans in the chp, to establish and reinforce communication networks for timely and effective communication of risks associated with communicable diseases and non - communicable diseases, to facilitate cd and ncd risk communication using a variety of channels and means, and to provide independent assessment and feedback on the effectiveness and relevance of risk communication actions implemented by the chp

    小組的職責范圍包括：就生防護中心制定的風險傳達策略及方案提出建議通過建立及化溝通網路，適時及有效地傳遞有關傳染病及非傳染病的風險訊息透過不同的渠道及方法促進傳染病及非傳染病的風險傳達，並就生防護中心推行的風險傳達措施之成效及適切性提供獨立評估及意見。
  13. , ( b ) and ( c ) the proposal to invite id card registrants to voluntarily indicate their consent to donate their organ ( s ) upon their death for human transplant purposes has to be considered in terms of its effectiveness in promoting organ donation, the legal requirements involved as well as the technical and administrative feasibility

    、 （二）及（三）關于邀請身份證登記人自願表明同意在去世后捐贈器官作人體器官移植用途的建議，我們必須考慮這項建議對推廣器官捐贈是否具有成效、當中涉及的法律規定，以及在技術和行政方面的可行性。
  14. After comparing with tlie similar institution in german, france, e. u. and japan, i concluded that the legal intervention to the dividend policy is necessary to overcome the information imperfections and negative externalities

    ）在非強制的意義上，法律所提供的授權性規范和推定適用規范，相當于為當事人提供了標準的合同文本和選項提示， 。
  15. This paper gave the following conclusions ? ational curriculum standards are necessary and important for keeping the quality and level of curriculums and instructions in national wide ; national curriculum standards should face the whole country and possess the quality for generalization, and meanwhile, it should allow the multiplicity and flexibility in order to have the certain function and practical significance ; national curriculum standards should have the core framework or the themes which has the quality for instruction and manipulation ; during the development of the standards, it is important to make cooperation with the government educational department, professional groups, teachers, etc. in order to improve the quality of the standards and their acceptance of the standards ; the implementation of national curriculum standards is an up - down transition and the effective interactions among all the stages are very important

    本文認為國家課程標準對于在全國范圍內維持課程與教學的水平和質量是必要的和重要的；國家課程標準必須面向全國，具有可以普遍推廣或應用的性質或價值，同時又要允許多樣性與靈活性的存在，才能具有較為確定的作用和實踐意義；國家課程標準要有確定的核心框架或主題內容，要注意其指導性與可操作性；在國家課程標準研製中，要注意政府教育主管部門、專業團體、教師等的多方合作與協同努力，提高標準研製的質量與標準的認同程度；國家課程標準的應用過程，有一個自上而下的轉換過程，因此，各層面的工作的有效轉化與互動相當重要。
  16. With fully investingation and research, this paper analyzed some prlblems based on the background of pipeline bureau of chinese petroleum gas and pipeline branch company of chinese petroleum gas stcok company. the main content include : expounded the stock company based on key business and remainnder enterprise with the real example ; sumed up the question betweenn listed company and the remainder enterprise ; aanalysed historical reason and realistic reason why the question exists with the method at last. the theory method and model frame adopted in this paper are not only suitable for the petrochina, but also have guide reference for the following reforms of large - scale, super - huge state - owned enterprises such as coal. water conservancy, electric powers, railways, civil aviations, etc

    本文以中國石油天然氣管道局和中國石油天然氣股份公司管道分公司為背景，用實證分析的方法，在充分調研的基礎上闡明了基於核心業務的上市公司和存續企業的形成；歸納總結了上市公司和存續企業之間存在的問題；以系統分析方法為指導思想，運用邏輯推理的方法分析了問題存在的歷史原因和現實原因；面對具有中國特色的企業，既要保證改革的成功，提高企業的競爭能力，又要保證社會的穩定，在充分考慮國家、社會、投資主體、職工個人等多方利益的基礎上，提出用戰略聯盟的思想來指導二者之間的關聯交易；指出上市公司、存續企業和集團公司三方應從不同角度做出思想意識的轉變；最後用idefo方法對聯盟的運行進行結構功能設計。
  17. A fter analyzing the present state of the ranks of teachers in yantai professional college and comparing it with the other nine professional technical colleges and institutes in shandong province, the writer thinks that all the higher professional colleges and institutes should, based on self training, introduce more teachers to improve the degree structure of teachers ; enhance the quality of " double masters " to improve the ability structure of teachers by employing both full - time and part - time hands ; and at the same time, the government should strengthen the propaganda for the importance of higher professional education, make qualifications for teachers of higher professional education and offer policy supports about the professional title, payment, etc. only in this way can we have " full - time and part - time teachers of noble ethic, new teaching idea, strong reforming consciousness, high teaching level and great practical ability ", can we really promote the construction of the ranks of teachers in higher prof essional colleges and institutes to make it possibly reach the construction level set by the education department of our country in 2005

    筆者通過對煙臺職業學院師資隊伍現狀的分析，結合與山東省其它9所職業技術學院的對比研究認為，各高等職業學院師資建設必須立足自主培養、加強引進以改善師資隊伍的學歷結構；專兼結合，提高「雙師」素質以改善教師隊伍能力結構；同時，國家應加強高等職業教育重要意義的輿論宣傳，制定高等職業教育教師資格標準，並提供職稱、待遇等方面必要的政策支持。只有這樣，才能建設一支「師德高尚、教育觀念新、改革意識強、具有較高教學水平和較強實踐能力的、專兼結合的教師隊伍」 ，才能切實推進高等職業院校的師資隊伍建設工作，使其有可能在2005年達到教育部規定的師資隊伍建設水平。
  18. On - line monitoring of hvcb is the precondition of predicting maintenance, is the key element of reliable run, and is the important supplement to the traditional off - line preventive maintenance in fact, the faults are made by hvcb, no matter in number or in times, is over 60 % of total faults so it has determinative importance for improving the reliability of power supply and this can greatly decrease the capital waste used by - dating overhaul in this paper, the inspecting way of hvcb mechanism characteristic is discussed the concept of sub - circuit protector is presented, the scheme that we offered has been combined with sub - circuit integrality monitoring theory, to ensure that it has the two functions as a whole according the shut - off times at rated short circuit given by hvcb manufacturer, the electricity longevity loss can be calculated in each operation, and the remained longevity can be forecast too an indirect way for calculating main touch ' s temperature by using breaker shell temperature, air circumference temperature and breaker ' s heat resistance is improved in this paper, and main touch resistance can be calculated if providing the load current msp430, a new single chip microcomputer made by ti company, is engaged to develop the hardware system of the on - line monitoring device, and special problem brought by the lower supply voltage range of this chip is considered fully

    高壓斷路器所造成的事故無論是在次數，還是在事故所造成的停電時間上都占據總量60以上。因此，及時了解斷路器的工作狀態對提高供電可靠性有決定性意義；並可以大大減少盲目定期檢修帶來的資金浪費。本文論述了斷路器機械特性參數監測方法；提出了二次迴路保護器的概念，並將跳、合閘線圈完整性監視和二次迴路保護結合起來，給出具有完整性監視功能的二次迴路保護器實現方案；根據斷路器生產廠家提供的斷路器額定短路電流分斷次數，計算每次分閘對應的觸頭電壽命損耗，預測觸頭電壽命；提出根據斷路器殼體溫度和斷路器周圍空氣溫度結合斷路器熱阻來計算斷路器主觸頭穩態溫升的方法，並根據此時的負荷電流間接計算主觸頭迴路的電阻；在硬體電路設計上，採用美國ti公司最新推出的一種功能強大的單片機msp430 ，並充分考慮該晶元的適用電壓范圍給設計帶來的特殊問題；在通信模塊的設計中，解決了不同工作電壓晶元之間的介面問題，並給出了直接聯接的接線方案。
  19. We studied the type of joint act of tort, included common injury act, common dangerous act and injuring others in partnership. its intension is that several people have joint fault for damage or joint fault inferred by law, including common intention and common mistake

    研究了共同侵權行為的類型，包括共同加害行為、共同危險行為、合夥致人損害等行為:內涵即數個行為人對損害結果具有共同過錯或法律推定的共同過錯，既包括共同故意，又包括共同過失。
  20. Shifting the burden of proof of is the special provision and exception of the principle of burden of proof, during drafting " civil evidence code ", divergences about how to regulate the burden of proof appear, jurists have diffirent opinions on it, this paper set out from those divergences and disputes, discussing in detail with six sections : the disputes on the shifting the burden of proof, reasonable define the conception about shifting the burden of proof, the relation of shifting the burden of proof and deduction, shifting the burden of proof in present law and regulations, the function of shifting the burden of proof and the civil cases suitable for this regulation, legislative proposition. this artical elabrates the theoretical and realistic foundation of shifting the burden of proof. moreover, shifting the burden of proof is a phenomenon of proceeding and other regulations of solution to disputation, it is not confined to those laws and regulations of procedure, but also exist in substantial law

    舉證責任倒置是舉證責任分配規則中的特殊與例外，在民事證據法的草擬過程中對舉證責任倒置的存廢與否產生了分歧，法學界對此的觀點也呈現出百花齊放的態勢，本文從舉證責任倒置爭議與分歧的觀點出發，基於舉證責任倒置存在與否的爭議、舉證責任倒置概念的合理界定、舉證責任倒置與推定的關系、舉證責任倒置在我國現行法律中的體現、舉證責任倒置的功能及可適用民事案件的具體類型、舉證責任倒置立法完善的構想共六個部分具體闡述，從理論角度、司法實踐及立法構想三個不同的視角分析舉證責任倒置在我國的存在的理論意義、現實意義與立法前景，表明舉證責任倒置不僅在我國具有立法基礎而且有實踐環境，闡述舉證責任倒置雖然是出現于訴訟或是解決爭議的其他程序中的一個現象，但它又不局限於訴訟及其他解決爭議的程序規范，從現有的法律規范及法律實踐來看，舉證責任倒置與實體法是「同呼吸，共命運」的，用句老話說就是「皮之不存，毛將焉附? 」
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