替代效應 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [tìdàixiàoyīng]
替代效應 英文
effect of substitution
  • 替 : Ⅰ動詞1 （代替） replace; substitute for; supply [take] the place of 2 [書面語] （衰敗） decline Ⅱ...
  • 代 : Ⅰ動詞1 （代替） take the place of; be in place of 2 （代理） act on behalf of; acting Ⅱ名詞1 （歷...
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 應 : 應動詞1 （回答） answer; respond to; echo 2 （滿足要求） comply with; grant 3 （順應; 適應） suit...
  • 替代 : substitute for; supersede; replace; substitution; replacement
  • 效應 : [物理學] effect; action; influence
  1. At 22 h reperfusion, removal of androgens by castration provided protection from ischemic injury in both cortex and striatum ( 2, 3, 5 - triphenyltetrazolium chloride ( ttc ) histology ), whereas dht replacement ( 50 mg subcutaneous implant ) restored infarction volume to that of the intact male ; testosterone ( 50 mg ) had similar but less potent effects

    再灌注22小時時，通過閹割來去除雄激素對皮層和新紋狀體的缺血性損傷都產生了保護作用（氯化三苯四唑組織學） ，相反的，雙氫睪酮替代（ 50毫克皮下植入）對于完好的雄性動物也恢復了梗死面積；睪酮（ 50毫克）有著相似但更弱的效應。
  2. Ceramic welding backups are used for one - sided welding of steel and aluminum alloy with any thickness, instead of two sided welding in shipbuilding industry, marine industry, and heavy mechanical industry. the products are stuitable for the most kinds of welding process such as gmaw, saw, fcaw and seg even with high electric current to produce a satisfactory back bead formation

    陶瓷焊接墊是用作鋼鐵或鋁合金單面焊雙面成型的支撐件，可替代效率低下的雙面焊工藝，被廣泛應用於造船，橋梁和重型機械等工業領域的各種焊接（ gmaw ， saw ， fcaw和seg ）甚至高電流場合
  3. The analyses of this dissertation show that the export - substituted effect of the fdi - out is not apparent, it lays positive effect upon the international balance of payments, it is favorable for inland investment under the present exchange rate principle

    本文的分析表明，我國對外直接投資的出口替代效應並不明顯，它對國際收支具有正效應，在我國當前的匯率制度下，有利於國內投資的發展。
  4. As far as the money supply, on the one hand, the price of securities goes up and the public liquidity preference increases so as to multiply the liquidity ratio between ml and m2

    從貨幣供給看：一方面，證券價格上升，公眾流動性偏好增強，從而流動性比率m1 m2上升。另一方面，股價上揚使得貨幣與資產之間產生替代效應， m2增長回落。
  5. Substitution effect of a price change

    價格變動的替代效應
  6. The first, analyze the family saving income effect and substitute effect

    第一，分析對家庭儲蓄的收入效應和替代效應。
  7. The results suggest that there is no wealth effect in the market but only substitution effect

    實證結果表明，我國房地產市場不具有財富效應而僅具有替代效應。
  8. We find the effect of migration on urban economy is determined by the trade off between demand effect and substitution effect

    然後闡釋了流動人口對城市經濟發展的影響取決于需求效應和替代效應的相互權衡。
  9. Weather the income tax influence on saving behavior is positive or negative depends on the net effect of income effect and substitute effect resulted by the tax saving

    所得稅對儲蓄行為的影響是積極的還是消極的，取決于稅收儲蓄的收入效應與替代效應的相對大小。
  10. The substitution effect will disappear if the foreign money is given for a purpose on which the recipient nation spends nothing ( or less than the grant )

    如果國際援款把援助目標指向那些受助國未列財政開支（或財政開支少於救援款）的項目，這種替代效應就不復存在了。
  11. In section 2. 2, i mainly focus on the insufficiency of domestic demands resulted from the difference between income effect and substitution affect of the interest - rate reduction policy

    2節研究一般均衡條件下的跨期消費選擇引起內需不足，降息的收入效應大於替代效應，因此總消費下降。
  12. The usage rate of fixed local telephones decreased by 2. 9 % compared with the same period last year, while mobile local telephone usage increased by 33. 6 % comparatively, further replacing fixed local services

    固定本地電話通話量出現負增長，比去年同期下降2 . 9 % ，而移動本地電話通話時長比去年同期增長33 . 6 % ，對固定本地業務的替代效應持續增強。
  13. Because of taxation in connection with the loss of the property right and profit and the effect of substitution of taxation, taxing or not in one side depends on the existing economic circumstance

    由於征稅活動不僅直接關繫到相關主體財產權的損益，而且由於征稅所具有的替代效應，因此，一種稅的開征于否，一方面既離不開現實的經濟環境，也必須有相應的理論依據。
  14. Here for a long time, because of the restriction of the income increases and the anticipation unstable, the family educational expenditure increase will produce the crowding out effectiveness and substitute effectiveness, which play a tightenning role in present consumption, thus not benefit the economic growth

    在長期內，由於收入增長的限制和預期不穩定，家庭教育支出增長會產生擠出效應和替代效應，對即期消費起了緊縮作用，從而不利於經濟增長。
  15. From macroscopic visual angle, the emergence and development of informal employment have some reasons. in china, the factor of the system of organization is the most important one ; from microscopic visual angle, informal employment can take place of formal employment : as to the employer, informal employment brings more benefit ; in addition, informal employment brings more employment posts on the basis of same employment cost

    從宏觀層面上看，非正規就業是有其產生和發展的內在機制的，在我國，體制性因素是影響其產生和發展的最重要因素之一;從微觀層面上看，非正規就業對正規就業具有替代效應:對用人單位而言，非正規就業能夠帶來更多的經濟效益;在相同的雇傭成本下，非正規就業可以增加更多的就業崗位。
  16. It has discussed in the 5 sides, which they are interest rate effect, income effect, substitute effect, supply effect and policy effect of analysis of the environment factors. it has analysis on economic factors that influence the life insurance from monetary inflation and discussed influence the life insurance from environment of humanity of culture value and function of family, in generally, the influence of environment of humanity society with long and deep, but the influence of environment of economy with short and brief

    環境因素分析中從利率效應、收入效應替代效應、供給效應、政策效應五個方面進行了闡述；從通貨膨脹對壽險業的影響進行了經濟因素分析；從文化價值以及家庭功能闡述了人文環境對壽險的影響，一般來說人文社會環境的影響較為長久和深遠，而經濟環境的影響則較為短期和淺層。
  17. ( 3 ) asset price especially the stock price in china has basically no correlation with enterprises investment and it has more substitution effect than wealth effect on household consumption, but it has large demand elasticity for money

    （ 3 ）我國資產價格主要是股票價格雖然與企業投資的相關關系不顯著，對居民消費的替代效應大於財富效應，但對貨幣的需求彈性較大。
  18. So we should reasonably use the income effect and substitution effect of the tax - receipt, optimize economic activities of enterprises such as investment, technological advance, distribution of resources, the production and running activities and so on, finally realize the reform intention that the economic efficiency of enterprises and the financial revenue are concurrent, suitable and steadily increase

    因此，我們要合理地利用稅收的收入效應與替代效應，優化企業的經濟活動，如投資、技術進步、資源配置和生產經營活動等，並最終達成企業的經濟效益與政府的財政收入同步、協調、穩健增長的改革意圖。
  19. The reason that ec can improve the competitive ability of firms lies in the fact that, the cost of firms can relatively contracted, and the firms have the competitive advantages of enlarging without boundary. the relatively contracting of firms cost means, the effect of diminishing of managerial costs can simultaneously occurred in the fields of production costs, marginal costs, and transaction costs, with the results that the barriers of competition was founded because of the higher transaction costs of provision regarding to the businessmen of productions and services, which are caused by the reduction of production costs rendered by higher productivity, and of managerial costs rendered by the effect of substitution of soft manufactory technology. the relative enlarging of the optimal bound of firms means, that the firms can share managerial costs through the effect of scale of management by the employment of ec, that the scale of firms is enlarged while the managerial costs are cut as a result of the distributing of managerial costs to every liners and proceeds of the firms, which means that the same managerial costs can be used by larger - scaled firms

    電子商務之所以能提高企業競爭力，是因為企業成本相對收縮和企業的無邊界擴張競爭優勢，所謂企業成本相對收縮即邊際成本遞減，這種邊際成本遞減效應可以同時出現在生產成本、管理成本和交易成本三個領域中，電子商務通過提高勞動生產率來降低生產成本，柔性製造技術的替代效應降低了庫存管理成本，與此同時，電子商務減少企業與消費者之間的環節，縮短路徑距離而降低企業內外的交易成本，提高了企業產品和服務分銷商改變供貨方式的交易成本，使之形成企業競爭的壁壘；所謂企業最優邊界的相對擴張，是指由於規模管理效應即電子商務運用信息技術使企業以低信息成本共享管理成本，使企業總體管理成本分攤到各個管理環節和流程中，企業規模擴大而邊際管理成本逐漸下降，相同的管理成本可用於管理更大規模的企業，即隨著電子商務在企業中的應用，企業的最優邊界相對擴張了。
  20. This comprehensive and systematic analysis way indicated in this article is expected to be attributable to the further research work in this field. by detailing the analysis in 4 respects ( stock issuance, stock exchange, stock income and stock legacy ), we conclude that the taxation system for security market has resource distribution and adjustment capability so as to influence the security market behavior and thus the social resource allocation by generating “ income effect ” and “ replacement effect ” through variety of mechanisms, such as psychological anticipation mechanism, price mechanism and investors ’ income mechanism

    通過對四個方面（證券發行環節、證券交易環節、證券所得環節和證券遺贈環節）課稅經濟效應的剖析，我們可以看到，證券市場稅收制度能夠通過心理預期機制、價格機制，以及投資者收入機制等傳導機制釋放「收入效應」與「替代效應」 ，發揮其分配功能與調節功能，直接影響證券市場的運行，進而影響社會資源的配置。
分享友人
分享到 Line

分享到臉書