條約適用范圍 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [tiáoyāoshìyòngfànwéi]
條約適用范圍 英文
scope of a treaty
  • 條 : Ⅰ名詞1 （細長的樹枝） twig 2 （條子） slip; strip 3 （分項目的） item; article 4 （層次; 秩序; 條...
  • 約 : 約動詞[口語] （用秤稱） weigh
  • 適 : 形容詞1 （適合） fit; suitable; proper 2 （恰好） right; opportune 3 （舒服） comfortable; well Ⅱ...
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 范 : 名詞1 [書面語] （模子） pattern; mould; matrix 2 （模範; 榜樣） model; example 3 （范圍） boundar...
  • 圍 : Ⅰ動詞1 （四周攔擋起來 使裡外不通; 環繞） enclose; surround; corral 2 （繞; 裹） wrap Ⅱ名詞1 （四...
  • 條約 : convention; treaty; pact
  • 適用 : suit; apply to; suitable for use
  • 范圍 : scope; limits; extent; boundary; confines; range; range dimension; spectrum
  1. Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

    基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。
  2. Focusing on the provisions of protecting private property rights in the fourth constitutional amendment, the thesis points out six defects : private property in the market competition has n ' t acquired the same legal status as the public property ; property rights should belong to the basic right of citizenship not economic system ; reflections on the public interests, compensation principle and compensation procedure brought by the requisition and compensation articles ; the lack of property check article in the constitution ; the defect of word of " legal " as a modifier of the private property rights in the constitution ; the application of property rights subject finally, the thesis provides some individual suggestion to perfect the protection system of private property rights in china ' s constitution

    針對第四次憲法修正案關于私有財產保護的條款，指出了其中存在的六點不足：在市場競爭中私有財產尚未獲得與公有財產平等的法律地位；財產權應當歸屬于公民基本權利而不是經濟制度；徵用補償條款引發的關于公共利益、補償原則和補償程序的思考；憲法文本中財產制約條款的缺失；作為私有財產權限定語的「合法的」在憲法規范中的缺陷；財產權主體的適用范圍，從而為完善我國憲法對私有財產的保護制度提出個人的一些建議。
  3. Base on the discussion of the basic subject concerning definition, character, designation, classify, function of the international treaty and it ' s conclusion, inuring, reservation, revision, comparing the relation of the international treaty and chinese law, confirming the above status in china law system, the problem of applying with regard to the international treaty including the manner, reasoning, conflict will be discussed. the character of the international treaty will be concluded. so, the suggestion of legislation according to the international treaty to be applied in china will be made at last

    在探討了國際海事條約的概念、特徵、名稱、分類、作用及其締結、生效、保留和修訂等基本理論問題的基礎上，通過推斷比較我國已加入的國際條約與我國國內法的關系，明晰其在我國法律體系中的地位，著重論述了國際海事條約在我國國內的適用問題，包括在我國適用的理由、適用的方式、效力范圍、與國內法的沖突等等，歸納總結出國際海事條約在我國適用的顯著特徵，並在此基礎上，提出有關國際海事條約在我國適用問題的立法建議，以期今後國際海事條約在我國得以順利執行，我國可以更妥善地履行國際海事條約義務，完善我國海事法律制度有所幫助。
  4. Many apply to hong kong only, but not the rest of china

    很多條約的適用范圍僅限於香港，不包括中國其他地方。
  5. The main work of this paper was as fellows : ( 1 ) generalized the development of pre - stressed steel structure in our nation and abroad, and pointed out the main problem in practice ; ( 2 ) presented the mechanism of pre - stressed steel structure and revealed its applicable range ; ( 3 ) established the optimization design model for pre - stressed steel structure, which accounts for constraints on stresses and displacements of structure ; ( 4 ) brought forward the optimization design method, which combined linear programming and the principle of full restriction, through which we can obtain the magnitude of each time pre - stress and the optimized sections of each members of structure ; ( 5 ) analyzed the best times of pre - stress and pointed out that 2 ~ 3 times is preferable ; ( 6 ) conducted optimization design on large - space steel roof, horizontal parallel steel truss with local cables, horizontal parallel steel truss with global cable, and ultra - static steel truss, the result of which indicated that the multiple pre - stress structure is very economic ; ( 7 ) compared different schemes of cable placement for horizontal parallel steel truss, and the results showed that the local cable only unloaded the second girders, but had no response on the first girders and stomach poles, while global cable could unload the second girders and the stomach poles outside of turning point of cable, thus proving that global cable is more economic than local - cable

    本文的主要工作是：對國內外預應力鋼結構的發展歷史及現狀作了綜述和總結，指出當前預應力鋼結構工程實踐中存在的主要問題；闡述了預應力鋼結構的受力機理，並指出預應力鋼結構的適用范圍和特點；在考慮結構應力和變位約束的條件下，建立預應力鋼結構優化設計模型；提出多次預應力鋼結構優化設計方法和步驟，採用線性規劃和滿約束準則相結合的優化方法，可優化設計出施加的每一級預應力的大小，並得到結構各部分的優化截面；對多次預應力最佳的施加次數作了分析，並建議以2 3次為宜；為驗證文中理論和方法，分別對大跨多次預應力鋼屋架、局部布索的水平平行弦鋼桁架、整體布索的水平平行弦鋼桁架和局部布索的超靜定鋼桁架等算例進行了優化設計，經濟效益明顯；對水平平行弦鋼桁架的幾種施加預應力的方案進行比較，對于局部布索，預應力只對下弦起到卸載作用，對上弦和腹桿基本不起作用；而整體布索預應力除對下弦卸載外，對索折點以外部分腹桿也起到卸載作用，經濟效益好於局部布索。
  6. These articles shall apply to all documentary credits, including standby letters of credit, to the extent to which the credits in question shall be applicable, and shall be binding on the parties to the contract, unless otherwise expressly agreed by the parities thereto

    譯文：本條文使用與一切跟單信用證，並包括在其適用范圍內的備用信用證，除非另有約定，對合同各有關方面均具有約束力。
  7. The keep with bounds were be fuzzy by the method of oblige line. this program not only has been used to optimization the pdew but also could used to control the fuzzy factor that could change the strength of fuzzy. when the fuzzy factor equal to one, the fuzzy optimization program could change to a general optimization program

    該優化設計程序不僅適應于平面二次包絡環面蝸桿傳動的模糊優化，而且可以改變模糊因子的大小，控制約束條件的模糊程度，甚至變換為常規的優化設計程序，程序的適用范圍較廣。
  8. Our country " contract law " responds to in concept about " risk ", aspect such as risk transfer principle condition adjusting range and the premise suitable for use, time breaking a contract to the risk transfer effect, the risk transfer handing over improves and perfects

    我國《合同法》應在有關「風險」的概念、風險轉移原則的調整范圍和適用的前提條件、違約對風險轉移的影響、風險轉移的交付時間等方面加以完善。
  9. Article 142 in relation to the transport performed by the actual carrier, the aggregate of the amounts recoverable from that carrier and the contracting carrier, and from their servants and agents acting within the scope of their employment, shall not exceed the highest amount which could be awarded against either the contracting carrier or the actual carrier under this law, but none of the persons mentioned shall be liable for a sum in excess of the limit of liability applicable to him

    第一百四十二條對于實際承運人履行的運輸，實際承運人、締約承運人以及他們的在受雇、代理范圍內行事的受僱人、代理人的賠償總額不得超過依照本法得以從締約承運人或者實際承運人獲得賠償的最高數額；但是，其中任何人都不承擔超過對他適用的賠償責任限額。
  10. The punitive compensation system is take the traditional compensatory damage compensate as the foundation, in compensates under the premise which the victim loses, it has punishes party causing an injury ' s mistake behavior and the deterrent illegal man multiple function. current our country is occupying the social reforming time, because the law, the laws and regulations are not perfect, has had many illegal violations behaviors. but traditional civil law damage compensate, because it does not have the punitive compensation system

    本文認為，適當地加大懲罰性賠償的適用范圍，使之適用於侵權責任、違約責任和產品責任等領域，並以侵權行為人或違約方的「故意」或「重大過失」作為適用之基本條件，全面保護受損害方的合法權益;充分發揮懲罰性賠償的懲罰、威懾等功能，減少違法行為的發生，促進社會主義市場經濟的健康有序運行。
  11. 7 of the 1980 un convention on contracts for the international sale of goods cisg, is based on the assumption that uniform law, even after its incorporation into the various national legal systems, only formally becomes an integrated part of the latter, whereas from a substantive point of view it does not lose its original character of a special body of law autonomously developed at international level and intended to be applied in a uniform manner throughout the world

    這種做法在最近的一些公約中的確已得到了明確的認可例如參見年聯合國國際貨物銷售合同公約第條。這主要是基於這樣一個推論，即國際統一法即使被引入各個不同的國家法律體系，它也只是作為後者不可分割的一部分，從本質上講，它並沒有失去其作為一種特殊法律實體在國際領域自主發展並在世界范圍內以統一法方式適用的原有特性。
  12. In order to solve the problems of narrow application range and unwieldy control mode in current material testing machine, a set of control modes and constraint conditions fitting whole material testing machine industries have been proposed for the first time, furthermore, a new software caries, which shows new design method for material testing machine, has been developed, and it submits reference for the automatic control system design of material testing machine industries

    針對目前國內外材料試驗機適用范圍窄，各種控制方式不能靈活組合等問題，論文首次總結並提出了一套適合整個試驗機行業的控制方式及約束推理條件，首次提出了一種新型capies軟體結構設計方法，實現了各種控制模式之間平滑、穩定切換，擴大了材料試驗機的適用范圍，為整個試驗機行業的自動控制系統的設計提供了依據和參考。
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