正式學科 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhēngshìxuékē]
正式學科 英文
formal subject
  • 正 : 正名詞（正月） the first month of the lunar year; the first moon
  • 式 : 名詞1 （樣式） type; style 2 （格式） pattern; form 3 （儀式; 典禮） ceremony; ritual 4 （自然科...
  • 學 : Ⅰ動詞1 （學習） study; learn 2 （模仿） imitate; mimic Ⅱ名詞1 （學問） learning; knowledge 2 （學...
  • 科 : Ⅰ名詞1 （學術或業務的類別） a branch of academic or vocational study 2 （機關按工作性質而分設的單...
  • 正式 : formal; official; regular
  1. After studying american anti - dumping law, policies towards chinese goods and china ' s entry into wto, the author gives some suggestions on how to deal with american anti - dumping actions, including speeding up the reform of socialist market economy, strengthening the government ' s scientific administration of foreign trade, enterprises " marketing and administrative strategies, etc. particularly, the author suggests how to demurrer to the policy of surrogate country after p. r. c and u. s. a reach the agreement on china ' s entry into wto, how to make good use of wto membership and so on

    結合美國反傾銷法律、對中國的政策與實務以及中國加入世界貿易組織等新的歷史條件，筆者提出了我們應對美國反傾銷的幾點建議：加快社會主義市場經濟體制改革、加強政府對外貿工作的科學管理與規范管理、完善企業經營管理戰略等並提出一些具體的應訴策略。特別是對中美達成關于中國加入世貿組織的協議后，中國應如何對「替代國」政策進行抗辯，如何利用世界貿易組織正式成員資格，反擊對華濫用反傾銷等問題，提出了新的思路和方法。
  2. Institution must follow the law of the development of hi - tech industry, relying on the founding of market system, making full use of the results of technological innovation. development of hi - tech industry in china should have an institution innovation frame, dominated by the government, that is to say, as the government being the dominator, enterprise being the main body, market being the guidance, with the combination of innovation of supply guidance and demand inducement, formal and informal institution arrangements, as well as the combination of institution and technology innovation, to realize the rational division of technological resources, to promote the development of hi - tech industry

    制度創新必須遵循高新技術產業發展的規律，必須依賴市場機制的建立，必須充分利用技術創新的成果；我國高新技術產業發展應建立政府主導型的制度創新框架，即以政府為主導，以企業為主體，以市場為導向，供西北大學經管學院搏士學位論文給主導型創新和需求誘致型創新相結合，正式制度安排與非正式制度安排相結合，制度創新與技術創新相結合，實現科技資源的優化配置，推動高新技術產業發展。
  3. In the later eightieth, the notion of visualization was established, during the ten years, the computer and computing technology developed and the observation facility advanced, we have got abundant data, and it is hundreds of times or thousands of times than the past. scientists often have to treat data measured by hundreds of megabyte or thousands of megabyte, and have difficulty in treating so large quantity of data

    科學計算可視化的概念是80年代末被正式提出的，在這十多年裡，計算機與計算技術飛速發展，數據觀測儀器設備有很大的進步，生成了大量的科學數據，數據量級增長了百倍至千倍。
  4. Speech recognition is a cross - disciplinary, is gradually becoming it, the key to human interface technology, voice recognition and voice synthesis technologies combining technology integral voice response systems, voice synthetic systems, interactive toys, enable people to voice ordering through operation, the control mode flexibility, a broad market prospect

    語音識別是一門交叉學科，正逐步成為信息技術中人機介面的關鍵技術，語音識別技術與語音合成技術相結合組成語音應答系統、語音合成系統、互動式玩具等，使人們能夠通過語音命令進行操作，控制方式靈活方便，具有廣闊的市場前景。
  5. Initiated by professor zhou jin - huang, the first national conference of cardiovascular pharmacology was held in 1980 in changsha, at which the committee of cardiovascular pharmacology affiliated to china society of pharmacology was founded. the main task of the committee is to be responsible for domestic and international academic interchange in cardiovascular pharmacology by playing a role of a bridge in enhancing the connection of cardiovascular pharmacology with related basic sciences, including phytochemistry, organic chemistry, pharmaceutical science and technology, and clinical medicine

    1979年正式成立中國藥理學會， 1980年在周金黃教授的倡導下在長沙舉行了第一次全國心血管藥理學術會議，成立了中國藥理學會心血管藥理專業委員會，它的任務是負責國內外心血管藥理學術交流，加強與心血管藥理學有關的基礎學科如植物化學、有機化學、制藥學以及臨床醫學的聯系，發揮橋梁作用。
  6. Positive organizational behavior ( pob ), proposed by luthans in 2002, is a new field of organizational behavior in the 21st century, which focuses on developing and managing psychological strengths of human beings

    摘要積極組織行為學是組織行為學科在21世紀才興起的新的研究領域，由魯森斯於2002年正式提出，強調對人類心理優勢的開發與管理。
  7. Japan cultural department has authorized and confirmed the history textbook which distorts and prettifies its invasion truth. the governmental officials formally call on the warlord temple and the activities in political circle and academia reverse its invasion fact. all the above factors have hurt extremely chinese emotion

    日本的文部省審定通過了篡改和美化侵略史實的歷史教科書，政府要員正式參拜靖國神社及政界、學術界為侵略歷史翻案活動，極大地傷害了中國人民的感情。
  8. This strategy of " whiggish " " justification afterwards " fell under many animadversions, however it was thomas kuhn who really aroused the crisis of rationality of science. in his epoch - making the structure of scientific r evolutions, kuhn develops his view around " paradigm ", and introduces the relativity of history and concept into the understanding of science, thereby breaks the separated state of " discovery " and " justification "

    這種「輝格式」的「事後辯護」的策略受到了眾多批判，但是真正引發科學合理性危機的是哲學家托馬斯?庫恩，他在那本劃時代著作《科學革命的結構》中，以範式為中心展開其觀點，將歷史和概念的相對性引入了對科學的理解，從而打破了「發現」與「辯護」的分離狀態。
  9. Astri commenced its operations in 2001 with full financial support from the hong kong special administrative region government, and is governed by a board of directors comprising key representatives from the industry, as well as members from the academia and the government

    應科院於二零零一年正式運作，由香港特別行政區政府全面資助，董事局成員由工業界、學術界及政府代表出任，專責監管應科院之運作。
  10. Besides, you will be able to see the upcoming hong kong research & development centre for logistics and supply chain management ( lscm ) enabling technologies ( booth number 1003 ) under the leadship of the hku team and co - hosted by cuhk and hkust. the lscm centre is expected to be formally launched within 2005 and will conduct leading - edge research in rfid technologies, e - logistics and supply chain management systems

    此外，你亦可進一步了解香港大學在即將成立的香港物流及供應鏈管理應用技術研發中心的工作，該展館位於場內1003號攤位，該中心在香港大學領導下由中大及科大共同主持，預期2005年內正式成立，專門從事rfid科技、電子物流及供應?管理系統之尖端研究工作。
  11. Recent dialogues in geography and the social sciences have reminded researchers of the extent to which academic and policy knowledges are socially and spatially embedded ? that is, they circulate through formal and informal systems of publishing, exchange, commodification and cultural influence

    最近，地理科學和社會科學之間的對話使研究者注意到，對學術的理解和政策的認識在社會上、空間上結合的程度究竟有多深? ?那就是，他們通過正式和非正式的渠道，如出版、交流、商品化及文化影響，使學術和政策得以傳播流通。
  12. It adopts industry economics theories, such as, industrial organization theories industrial relation theories and industrial layout theories, after systematic analyzing our national s & t resources allocation and the basis of the construction of national research & experiment platform, it proposes constructing national research & expe riment platform both in basic and applied research fields and more, formulates the platform definition, structure and functions and so on. meanwhile, by utilizing experience of developed country s & t resource allocation, it also research the thoughts, principles, ways methods and direct output efficiency estimate in s & t activities of the platform. it aims to offer operatively realization methods and policy proposal as well as realization qualitative development and shorten the distance to the international advanced s & t level

    本文正是在這樣的背景下針對我國科技基礎條件薄弱，從而造成我國原始性科技創新能力和集成創新能力不足的現狀，利用產業經濟學中的產業組織理論、產業關聯理論、產業布局理論，深入系統分析了我國科技資源及其配置、國家研究與實驗平臺建設的現實基礎，提出了在基礎研究和應用研究的學科領域建設國家研究與實驗平臺的設想，並對平臺的內涵、結構、功能等做出界定，借鑒發達國家科技資源配置的經驗，對我國研究與實驗平臺建設的思路、原則、途徑和方法，以及平臺的科技活動直接產出效率評價等進行研究，以期對實現我國科技的跨越式發展，縮短與國際先進科技水平的差距提供可操作性的實施方案和政策性建議。
  13. The way of inquiry is based on some classic translations, which were formally published in china and were written by the great thinker, philosopher, sociologist, scientist, or historian of science

    研究的方法，主要是解讀在中國大陸正式出版的、在西方學術界享有較高聲譽的一些思想家、哲學家、社會學家、科學家以及科學史家的中文譯著。
  14. Agroforetry was defined formally as a special branch of biology science since 1980s after international committee research agro - forestry ( icraf ) have been founded. from then on, many researchers have studied the advantages and developing potentials of agroforestry management

    20世紀80年代國際農林復合經營研究委員會（ icraf ）的成立使農林復合經營被正式確立為一個特殊的分支科學，登上了農林業研究的舞臺（ young . a ， 1989 ） 。
  15. With focuse on the definitions, service models and responsibilities, this paper discusses similarities and differences between subject librarians, reference librarians and information brokers in order to understand the essence of subject librarians and furthermore give guidelines to the construction of subject librarian programs

    摘要文章從概念演變、服務模式、角色職責等方面對學科館員、參考館員與信息經紀人進行了比較研究，以便正確認識學科館員服務的本質，指導學科館員制度建設。
  16. The tang ngan leng center for general science education was officially opened on september 20, 2002

    鄧雁玲科學普及教育中心於二二年九月二十日正式開幕。
  17. In each competent training step, the writer put forward clear request with regard to the learning strategy : request on memorizing training - reading and inducing, memorizing the materials on the basis of comprehending ; request on comprehension training - abstracting and thinking, revising the previous knowledge and then learn the new ; request on operation training - concerning about political affairs, analyzing and evaluating ; request on expression training - thinking hard and practicing more, weigh the words of material

    其具體運用方式有兩種：正向訓練法和綜合訓練法。在每一種學科能力訓練中，提出學法指導的具體要求：識記能力訓練要求? ?閱讀歸納理解記憶；理解能力訓練要求? ?思考提煉溫故知新；運用能力訓練要求? ?關心時事分析評價；表述能力訓練要求? ?勤思多練字斟句酌。
  18. Combination among education, research and industry within the field of social science lacks research

    社會科學領域的產學研結合在普遍缺乏的同時呈現出自發性、分散性、短期性和非正式性等狀況。
  19. The curriculum of the trial undergraduate program in chinese language is the same as that of the undergraduate program ; students in the trial undergraduate program should pay the same tuition as international students in other undergraduate programs

    試讀期為一年；試讀生的課程安排和學費標準等同於正式本科生；試讀期間獲得
  20. Students have few chances to take part in the classroom activities and thus a new type of wrong way of teaching is formed. nowadays the most fashionable " internet teaching model " is just a copy of textbooks and teaching plans. to solve all the problems and really understand the central points of constructivism. . . science and knowledge must be constructed by the students themselves on their own initiative. we have done a comprehensive research on jianwenntiandi site based on constructivism and then done a lot of practice in chemistry teaching with the help of jianwentiandi site. during the practice, we have mainly probed into the teaching methods of scaffolding instructions, anchored instructions and random access instructions

    綜述了多媒體網路輔助教學的情況，指出當前多媒體網路輔助教學存在諸多問題，如：信息技術並沒有真正與學科教學「融合」在一起；多數課件的開發，單純追求直觀和生動，忘記了作為主體存在的學生的主動性，只強調教師的「教」而忽略了學生的「學」 ，全部教學設計理論都是圍繞如何「教」而展開，很少涉及學生如何「學」的問題，學生參與教學活動的機會少，很容易進入一種「人灌+機灌」的新的課堂教學誤區；時下最為新型的「網路教學模式」 ，在教學內容選擇和安排上，也有課程「搬家」之味。
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