水平基因轉移 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [shuǐpíngjīyīnzhuǎnyí]
水平基因轉移 英文
horizontal gene transfer
  • 水 : 名詞1 （由兩個氫原子和一個氧原子結合而成的液體） water 2 （河流） river 3 （指江、河、湖、海、洋...
  • 平 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （沒有高低凹凸 不頃斜） flat; level; even; smooth 2 （高度相同; 不相上下） on the same l...
  • 因 : Ⅰ動詞[書面語] （沿襲） follow; carry on Ⅱ介詞1 [書面語] （憑借; 根據） on the basis of; in accord...
  • 轉 : 轉構詞成分。
  • 移 : Ⅰ動詞1. （移動） move; remove; shift 2. （改變; 變動） change; alter Ⅱ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 水平 : 1. （跟水面平行的） horizontal;level2. （達到的高度） standard; level
  • 轉移 : 1 （改換位置） shift; transfer; divert 2 （改變） change; transform 3 [醫學] （擴散） metastasis;...
  1. Researches of schistosomiasis vaccines have gone more than 60 years, approximately including from the stages of dead vaccine and live vaccine ( irradiated attenuated cercariae vaccine ) to gene engineered vaccine, etc. many different forms of vaccines have been tested in animal models, including gluthathione s - transferase, paramyosin, irv - 5, triose phosphate isomerase, sm23, fatty acid binding protein ; which were considered promising by who / tdr. but none of them steadily accomplished the pre - set target level of 40 % protection. in order to enhance the protective capacity further, it is essential to develop novel vaccine antigens and / or vaccine adjuvants

    血吸蟲病疫苗研究已有60多年的歷史，大致經歷了死疫苗、活疫苗（照射致弱尾蚴疫苗）和基因工程疫苗等研究階段，產生了一些who / tdr推薦認為很有希望的疫苗候選分子，如谷胱甘肽- s -轉移酶（ gst ） 、副肌球蛋白（ sm97 ） 、照射致弱疫苗抗原5 （ irv - 5 ） 、磷酸丙糖異構酶（ tpi ） 、曼氏血吸蟲膜內在蛋白（ sm23 ）和脂肪酸結合蛋白（ fabp ， sm14 ）等，但其對宿主的保護作用均不甚理想，未能穩定地達到40或以上的保護力水平，因此有必要繼續尋找新的疫苗抗原分子和/或疫苗佐劑，進一步提高其保護力。
  2. Although economic and population specialists and scholars both in abroad and at home have made extreme progress on research the question of rural labor since they studied it very long ago, as far as china is concerned, based on the following three aspects, firstly, the national condition of our country determined that the foreign theory such as lewis theory might instruct us but we ca n ' t use these theories without rectification ; secondly, in china, our research about this question prefer the qualitative analysis to the quantitative analysis ; thirdly, the research on the labor utilization and shift in this specific area, that is, in the mountainous rural area which covers 69 % of our mainland and occupies 56 % of population is absolutely scarce in present ? to make up for the three deficiencies, this paper selects the econometrics analysis, uses investigation data and by virtue of tsp software, establishes a model where shift labor is the dependent variable and the citilization ratio, industrial structure, the income gap between city and country, the rural infrastructure construction, the labor ' s aptitude and the population ' s natural growth ratio are the variableso through economic, statistical and econometrical test, the conclusion is attained : the income gap between city and country and the citilization ratio are the two most important fectors which affect the labor ' s utilization and shift in mountainous rural area -, the rural infrastructure construction and the labor ' s aptitude are the two relative important factors which affect the labor ' s utilization and shift in mountainous rural area while the rural industrial structure and the population ' s natural growth ratio are the two least important factors according to this, this paper puts forward several suggestions that the income gap between city and country, citilization ratio, rural education, rural industrial structure and agricultural mechanization should be carefully treated with on studying the question of labor utilization and shift in mountainous rural area. finally, this paper points to several suspending problems about this research in order to get the concern of specialist and scholars

    盡管國內外經濟和人口學方面的專家與學者很早就開始了對農村勞動力問題的研究並取得了極大的進展，但是，我國在研究農村勞動力問題時，基於三點：其一，我國國情決定了國外的理論例如劉易斯理論，雖然對研究我國的農村勞動力問題具有指導意義，但卻不能照搬這些理論；其二，從國內看，我國對該問題的研究重視定性分析而定量分析明顯不足；其三，缺乏對我國占國土面積69 、人口56的山區農村這一特殊區域內的勞動力開發利用及轉移的專門性研究。為了彌補這三個缺憾，論文採用經濟計量學的數量分析方法，利用實際調查資料，藉助tsp軟體，建立了以外出勞動力數量為被解釋變量，城市化率、農村產業結構、城鄉收入差距、農村社會基礎設施建設、農村勞動力素質以及人口自然增長率六個變量為解釋變量的模型，通過對該模型進行經濟學、統計學、經濟計量學三個方面的檢驗，得出如下結果：城鄉收入差距和城市化率是影響山區農村勞動力開發利用及轉移的最重要的兩個因素；農村社會基礎設施建設和農村勞動力素質是較為重要的兩個影響因素；而農村產業結構和人口自然增長率相對來說是較不顯著的影響因素。據此，本文提出了在研究山區農村勞動力開發利用及轉移問題時，應慎重對待城鄉收入差距、城市化水平、農村勞動力素質、農村產業結構、農業機械化五個問題。
  3. These factors are physical capital, human capital, technology change, the level of specialization and the quantity of farmers. furthermore, on the basic hypothesis that farmers are rational economic men, it points out the negative attitude of farmers on improving these factors is rational choice. the actual land system, social security system and hukou system conduce that the property right of land is instable and difficult to be exchanged, the quantity of farmers is unable to decrease

    本文首先建立了一個簡單的數學模型，考察了直接影響農民農業收入的基本因素，包括：物質資本、人力資本、專業化水平、技術知識和農民數量；進而，從農民是理性經濟人的基本假設出發，指出農民在改進影響農業收入的諸因素方面的消極態度是既定製度約束下的理性選擇? ?現行的農地制度（社會保障制度） 、戶籍制度導致土地產權不穩定、難以流轉和農民數量難以減少，妨礙了土地的規模經營，使農民在物質資本投資、人力資本投資、深化專業化分工、學習和應用技術知識、向城市轉移勞動力方面表現出消極態度。
  4. This text has introduced the research background, the research purpose and research current situation of the small cities and towns question at first, secondly analyzed the intension of small cities and towns development and theoretical foundation, and through the small cities and towns develop analysis of function to the present stage, propose small cities and towns help and raise peasant income, help and promote surplus rural labor force shift, favorable to the developments of township enterprise etc. by development ; the third, develop analysis of the current situation according to the small cities and towns of hebei province, point out the question existing in the development of small cities and towns of hebei province, and the development level to the small cities and towns of hebei province has been evaluated, think that the development of small cities and towns of hebei province is in stage of starting ; the fourth, the restriction factor in infrastructure investment, function reforming, financial management system and construction plan of government etc. existing in the construction of the small cities and towns of hebei province of network analysis ; at last, it propose hebei province small cities and towns the areas of developments strategic and government function not bring about an advance in small cities and towns of hebei province, household register, people, industrial structure adjustment and relevant countermeasures, such as overall arrangement, land utilizing, fund, planning and environmental protection of the industry etc

    但是河北省小城鎮發展的步伐明顯落後于全國平均水平，更落後于沿海發達省份。本文首先介紹了小城鎮問題的研究背景、研究目的以及研究現狀，其次分析了小城鎮發展的內涵和理論依據，並通過對現階段小城鎮發展作用的剖析，提出小城鎮發展有利於提高農民收入、有利於促進農村剩餘勞動力轉移、有利於鄉鎮企業的發展等；第三，根據河北省小城鎮發展現狀的分析，指出河北省小城鎮發展中存在的問題，並對河北省小城鎮的發展水平進行了評定，認為河北省小城鎮發展處于起步階段；第四，系統分析了河北省小城鎮建設中存在的基礎設施投資、政府職能改革、財政管理體制以及建設規劃等方面的制約因素；最後，提出河北省小城鎮發展的區域戰略以及促進河北省小城鎮發展的政府職能、戶籍和人口、產業結構調整和產業布局、土地利用、資金、規劃和環境保護等相關對策。
  5. Then, the main factors that have resulted in the low level of the mechanization have been analyzed : the working scale of the soil, the rate of agricultural labor force transferring to other fields, farmer ' s low income, the backwardness of agricultural electrization, farmer ' s overall culture level and the weakness of expanding force

    在此基礎上對導致我國農機化發展水平較低的主要因素進行了分析，認為農村土地經營規模、農業勞動力向非農業轉移速度、農民收入水平低、農業電氣化滯后、農民總體科技文化水平低和農機推廣力量薄弱是影響我國農機化發展的重要因素。
  6. The diversity of organophasphate pesticides degrading bacteria and the convention of the degrading genes in organophasphate pesticides polluted soil confirmed the horizontal transfer of degrading genes, revealing the molecular mechanism of the adaptation of soil microbial community to the organophasphate pesticides pollution

    有機磷農藥污染土壤中降解菌的多樣性以及降解基因的保守性，證明了降解基因在污染土壤細菌間發生了水平轉移，揭示了土壤微生物群落適應有機磷農藥污的分子機制。
  7. Study of the molecular basin of the organophasphate pesticides hydrolase gene horizontal transfer, search for the gene sequence which mediate the transfer of organophasphate pesticides hydrolase gene will play a role in the bioremediation of polluted soil

    研究有機磷農藥水解酶基因水平轉移的分子基礎，尋找調控其水平轉移的基因序列，可以增強有機磷農藥污染土壤的生物修復效果。
  8. The approach of gene coinjection was firstly used by clark ' s research team in britain, aiming to improve the expression level of foreign gene by its cooperating action. thereafter, it has been increasingly using to find out the impact of gene and its elements on expression. by now, it has been successfully used to produce transgenic mice which contain two or three genes in vivo

    外源基因的轉移方法?顯微共注射法，首先由英國的clark為首的研究小組提出，旨在研究外源基因協同作用以提高其表達水平，此後，共注射法用於研究基因和基因構件對表達的影響，並日益受到重視，目前，已成功用於建立轉雙基因小鼠的研究。
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