法官制定 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [fǎguānzhìdìng]
法官制定
英文
judge made-
When the proof revelation system has been established, the rate of courtroom adjudgement has been increased, the rule of positive wordage has been prescribed by lawmaking. then, the judge of first instance can give up the use of prosecuting roll
只有建立證據開示制度、提高當庭宣判率、立法明文規定直接言詞原則，才能使一審法官放棄對控方案卷的使用有可依據的程序和制度基礎。Using cd, cu, zn and cr as experimental toxicants and crucian as experimental creature, we employed the environmental biotechniques ( flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, the method of improved pyrogallol autoxidation and electron microscopy ) to study the acute toxicity and secure concentrations of heavy metals to crucian ; the accumulation and distribution of mixed heavy metals to fingling crucian ; the activities of superoxide dismutase ( sod ) of gill and liver tissues and the hispathological and ultrastructural change of superfine structure of liver and kidney of crucian after cadmium exposure. through which, we intended to fully and systemically study the toxic influence of heavy metals to fish, and preliminarily discuss the influence of heavy metals pollution to the diversified level of fish such as individual, organ, tissue, cell and molecule. thus we tried to provide scientific evidence to establish preventative management measures, avoid and relieve the harm of heavy metals pollution to aquicolous ecosystem in time
隨后以這幾種重金屬作為實驗毒物，以鯽魚為實驗動物，應用環境生物技術、火焰原子吸收分光光度法、鄰苯三酚自氧化法、透射電鏡等技術研究了重金屬cu 、 zn 、 cd和cr對鯽魚的急性毒性及其安全濃度評價、混合重金屬在鯽魚幼體組織內的積累和分佈、 cd對鯽魚鰓和肝臟中sod活性的影響、 cd對鯽魚肝細胞和腎細胞超微結構的影響等，全面和系統地研究了水環境中重金屬暴露對魚類的毒性影響，初步探討了重金屬污染對魚類的個體? ?器官? ?組織? ?細胞? ?分子等各水平層次的影響，為制定漁業生產上預防性的管理措施提供科學依據，及時避免或減輕重金屬污染對水生生態系統造成的損害。This dissertation takes feuerbachs meticulous logical structure as masterstroke, explains his whole deduction process, which from the conception of civil penalty to the theory of psychological coercion, again from law deterrence to the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime. and it also states that, feuerbach takes the external behavior for condemnatory object, obviates the intervention of sentiment, abandons moral punishment or moral principles, moreover, excludes judiciary arbitrariness by means of law restriction, besides, emphasizes law deterrence and creates the theory of psychological coercion, and as a result establishes the principle of legally prescribed punishment for a specified crime
本文以費爾巴哈嚴謹縝密的邏輯結構為主線，梳理了其從市民刑罰概念的構築到心理強制說的提出、再到確定刑罰法規中法律威懾思想的確立直至罪刑法定主義原則的整個推論過程，闡釋了費爾巴哈把客觀的、外部的行為作為處罰的對象，排除情操的介入，把法律置於可罰性的絕對根據之中，擯棄道德性刑罰或道德性原理，通過把法官約束在法律之中的方式排斥了法官的恣意專斷，又強調法律的威懾，創立心理強制說，從而確立了罪刑法定主義的刑法思想。The current public prosecution mode in our country took shape from the past whole case - examine mode in the base of the thinking to get ride of the drawbacks in the past. in practice, it has not only become effective and cause out a lot of new defaults, for example, the definition of the main evidence is not clear, the transfer range of the case files is unclear and the stipulate of the examine consequence is not enough. in order to reform and perfect the current public prosecution mode, we should regard the theory of the public prosecution as guide, combine our country ' s conditions, on methodology jump out of the circle relatively drawing lessons from the past, on the procedural theory, change the idea that the forejudge caused from the substantive examination and clarify the objective fact the current public prosecution include the essential substantive examination, in practice regard legitimacy, rationality and flexibility as the principle of law enforcement before the law to revise, in legislation define the concept of the main evidence clearly, add the regulation to dispatch the examine judge and the trial judge, regulate the treatment methods after examination and revise some rules about the summary procedure
以公訴審查制度的訴訟理念為指導，結合我國的國情，對現行公訴審查模式的改革和完善，在方法論上跳出以往比較借鑒的圈子；在訴訟理念上改變過去庭審法官預斷必然緣于實體性審查的觀念，以澄清現行公訴審查模式包括必要的實體審的客觀事實；在實踐中以合法性、合理性和靈活性作為立法修改前的執法原則；在立法上明確界定主要證據的范圍是對證明犯罪是否成立起主要作用或有重要影響的證據，其中既包括有罪證據也包括無罪證據，增加規定公訴審查法官與正式庭審法官分立制度，補充規定對公訴審查后開庭審理之外的其它情況的處理方法以及對於人民法院在審理過程中發現不宜適用簡易程序的，取消原刑訴法應當按照一般公訴案件適用的普通審判程序重新審理的規定，改為由審理該案件的獨任審判員以外的審判員重新組成合議庭對該案件進行重新審理等。This text begins with analysis that our country appraises the confusion of the system at present in real example, exposing ontology question of the scientific knowledge in terms of philosophy of science, regarding this as the platform, the text has analysed the concept of the scientific evidence, procedure function of the scientific evidence, studied the value of the scientific evidence, put forward standard that scientific evidence can adopt should be : the scientific knowledge of the basis has validity, relevancy with the factum probanda the method and conclusion have reliability
本文以法官如何審查認定科學證據，限制專家話語權擴張對糾紛解決機制的侵襲為立論平臺，從實證分析我國目前鑒定體制的混亂切入，從科學哲學的角度闡述了科學知識的本體論問題，以此為平臺，分析了科學證據的概念、科學證據的程序功能，研究了科學證據的價值，提出科學證據可採的標準應當是：依據的科學知識具有有效性，與待證事實具有相關性，方法和結論具有可靠性。Laws don't all come from the same quarter.
法律不全是由一個長官制定出來的。From them we can find some significant ways which may be helpful to our civil trail reform. 3 how to improve our civil trial system ? pre - trial process and judicial adr and open trial and judge system are the most important consideration in the reform measures
分析現狀和借鑒先進改革成果基礎上，這部分提出了我國審判方式改革的進路應鎖定在審前程序改造，司法adr的確立，審判公開和法官制度建設等幾個方面。Because of the common law tradition, american law comes from four basic sources : the federal and state constitutions, statutes made by the united states congress and the legislatures of the various states, case law or judge - made law ( uncodified law based on judicial decisions ), and rules and decisions formulated by administrative agencies collectively known as administrative law
由於普通法系統的傳統，美國法律有4個基本來源：聯邦和州憲法，美國國會和各州議會通過的成文法，判例法或者說法官制定的法律（基於法院判決的不成文法） ，以及統稱為行政法的由各行政機關制定的規則和決議。It ' s evidence that facts disputed by the parties are determined by the court based upon
證據是法官認定事實的根據，因而證據收集制度在民事訴訟法中的地位非常重要。On judicial regulation, the author argues that when judging the force of standard forms, the degree of freedom enjoyed by the other party, and the fairness of distribution of right and judges should consider obligation. on executive regulations, ways of regulation including the after - regulation and the before - regulation are referred to, both of which need to be strengthened in china. part iv other regulations on standard terms
即立法模式上，筆者贊同在合同立法中對格式條款作專門規定，並建議由最高人民法院析完善的敝以司法解釋形式嘶彌補；在攏內恥，繃大杴性規制貌的范圍外，拋將彈性規制規定在合同法中，賦予法官認定部怵式貌的酬，擴大規制賂；在立法中列漲受規制的合同，加強合同管理；改變立法毗，加強凋門描的審議。Under article 56 of the basic law, except for the appointment, removal and disciplining of officials and the adoption of measures in emergencies, the chief executive shall consult the executive council before making important policy decisions, introducing bills into the legislative council, making subordinate legislation, or dissolving the legislative council
《基本法》第五十六條訂明，行政長官在作出重要決策、向立法會提交法案、制定附屬法規和解散立法會前，須徵詢行政會議的意見，但人事任免、紀律制裁和緊急情況下採取的措施除外。He is required by the basic law to consult the council before making important policy decisions, introducing bills into the legislative council, making subordinate legislation or dissolving the legislative council, but not for example on the appointment, removal and disciplining of officials and the adoption of measures in emergencies
《基本法》規定，行政長官在作出重要決策、向立法會提交法案、制定附屬法例和解散立法會前，須徵詢行政會議的意見，但人事任免、紀律制裁和緊急情況下採取的措施除外。Except for the appointment, removal and disciplining of officials and the adoption of measures in emergencies, the chief executive shall consult the executive council before making important policy decisions, introducing bills to the legislative council, making subordinate legislation, or dissolving the legislative council
行政長官在作出重要決策向立法會提交法案制定附屬法規和解散立法會前，須徵詢行政會議的意見，但人事任免紀律制裁和緊急情況下採取的措施除外。The chief executive presides over its meetings. except for the appointment, removal and disciplining of officials and the adoption of measures in emergencies, the chief executive shall consult the executive council before making important policy decisions, introducing bills to the legislative council, making subordinate legislation, or dissolving the legislative council
行政長官在作出重要決策、向立法會提交法案、制定附屬法規和解散立法會前，須徵詢行政會議的意見。但在人事任免、紀律制裁和緊急情況下採取措施的事宜上，行政長官則無須徵詢行政會議。For revenue proposals which need to come into effect on budget day or before the enactment of the enabling legislation, we may bring them into effect under a public revenue protection order which will expire four months from the date it comes into force made by the chief executive, pending the passage or otherwise of the relevant legislative proposals in legco
對于須在宣讀預算案當日或有關的賦權法例制定前生效的收入建議，可由行政長官頒布公共收入保障令該法令于生效日期起計四個月後失效，使收入建議具有效力，以待立法會通過或否決有關法例建議。In the meantime, in this chapter, the author also analysis the problems which existed when we implemented judicial independence, propose some prospects for consummating our judicial independence
另外，本章還探討了與法官選任職有關的審判長選任制、法官等級制度、法官的定編等問題。第四章是法官職業道德。The third part analyzes and comments on the current operation of judge system and the existing problems from three aspects such as ideological concept, concrete systems and the social influence on professionalization of judg es, and points out that conception errors results in that judiciary independence cannot be realized both inside and outside the judicial system, and many factors that hinders professionalization of judges exist in the social environment. these will form great barriers for the construction professionalization of judges. at the same time, this dissertation makes some rational analysis on the current situation of judges from quantity, qualification, work performance and draws a conclusion that professionalization of judges can be constructed at the present foundation
文章的第三部分從思想觀念和具體制度對法官獨立的支持程度及社會環境對法官職業化建設的影響三個方面對我國現行法官制度運行狀況及存在的問題進行了描述和評析，指出：觀念上的錯位導致審判獨立在司法機關內外部兩個層面都無法真正實現，社會環境中存在著不利於法官職業化建設的諸多因素，難以養成職業法官群體，這些都構成法官職業化建設的巨大障礙；同時，從數量、素質、業績方面對法官隊伍現狀作了定量分析，認為在現有法官隊伍基礎之上完全可以推行法官職業化。The so - called justice system is a whole set of administrative principles that ensure the judge perform the duties within the framework of law, relating to the judge selection, training, rewards and punishments, tenure, and dismiss as well
筆者認為，所謂法官制度是指國家為了保證法官依法行使審判權而設定的有關法官選任、培訓、獎懲、職業道德、工資待遇以及罷免等一系列管理規程的總稱。To enable the registrar of the high court to compile a provisional list of jurors
以便高等法院司法常務官制定陪審員的臨時名單。This constitution, and the laws of the united states which shall be made in pursuance thereof ; and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the united states shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the judges in every state shall be bound thereby, any thing in the constitution or laws of any state to the contrary notwithstanding
本憲法和依本憲法所制定的合眾國法律，以及根據合眾國的權力已締結或將締結的一切條約，都是全國的最高法律每個州的法官都應受其約束，即使州的憲法和法律中有與之相抵觸的內容。分享友人