海上運輸法規 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [hǎishàngyùnshūfǎguī]
海上運輸法規 英文
merchant shipping act
  • 上 : 上名詞[語言學] （指上聲） falling-rising tone
  • 運 : Ⅰ動詞1 （物體位置不斷變化） move; revolve 2 （搬運; 運輸） carry; transport 3 （運用） use; wield...
  • 輸 : Ⅰ動詞1 （運輸; 運送） transport; convey 2 [書面語] （捐獻） contribute money; donate 3 （失敗） l...
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 規 : Ⅰ名詞1 （畫圓形的工具） instrument for drawing circles 2 （規則; 成例） rule; regulation 3 [機械...
  • 運輸 : transport; carriage; conveyance; traffic; transportation
  • 法規 : laws and regulations; rule
  1. Contract of affreightment ( coa ) of goods by sea has been adopted in shipping practice for a long time. however, coa has not been specifically stipulated in china maritime code ( cmc ). the academic opinions on coa have been in disputes

    海上貨物包運作為實踐中被廣為應用的運輸方式，立法中並未對其作明確規定，而諸多海商法學論著也未對其進行系統、詳細的論述，所以對于包運合同的理解一直存在爭議。
  2. This thesis is planed to analyze and demonstrate this obligation in detail, and tries to clarify the issues below : 1, the differences in the obligation standards among the carrier, the common carrier and the bailee, and the differences in the obligation standards between care of cargo and making the ship seaworthy ; 2, combined with the cases and shipping practice, solving the problems which is produced in fulfilling the obligation ; 3, with the principle of law, analyzing the character of the responsibility which should assume when the care of cargo obligation is breached ; 4, introducing the provisions about care o f cargo obligation in preliminary draft instrument on the carriage of goods by sea and expressing my opinions

    本文擬對這一義務進行詳細的分析和論證，試圖闡明以下幾個方面的問題： 1 、承運人管貨義務所要求的「妥善和謹慎」的標準與公共承運人、託管人管貨義務的標準的區別，與承運人適航義務的標準「克盡職責」的區別； 2 、結合有關案例和航運實務，分析該條文字面所表述的管貨義務的各個環節在實際運用中的相關問題； 3 、從法理的角度分析違反管貨義務所應承擔的責任的性質； 4 、介紹正在制訂的《海上貨物運輸法》 （草案）中關于承運人管貨義務的規定，並提出自己的意見。
  3. According to china ' s maritime code, the liabiiity of breaching a contract of carriage of goods by sea is determined by whether the breaching party has f8ult or not, while it aiso stipuiates in articie 51 that ; " the carrier shaii not be iiable for the loss of or damage to the goods occurred during the period of carrier ' s responsibility arising or resulting from any of the foiiowing causes ( ( 1 ) fault of the mastef, crew members, pilot or servant of the carrier in the navigation or management of the ship "

    我國海商法在海上貨物運輸方面的承運人違約責任之歸責採取過錯責任原則，但因其在第51條又規定「船長、船員、引航員或者承運人的其他受僱人在駕駛船舶或管理船舶中的過失」承運人不負賠償責任。因為這一點，海商法學界稱之為不完全過失責任制。
  4. The stipulations in voyage charter - party shall be deemed as supplementary agreement to coa, which is not a new contract apart from the coa. the object of coa is maritime transportation and the rights and obligations under coa spread around the transportation

    鑒于包運合同的實踐意義，建議將其與航次租船的特別規定和多式聯運合同的特別規定並列，在《海商法》第四章「海上貨物運輸合同」中予以規定。
  5. Cmi has been endeavoring the international unification of the law relating to carrier ' s liability system arising out of the carriage of goods by sea since 1907. the hague rules which was adopted in 1924 started the beginning of the unification of carrier ' s liability system

    自1907年以來， cmi就一直致力於海上貨物運輸法承運人責任制度的國際統一，並於1924年制定了海牙規則，開創了承運人責任制度統一的先河，隨著1968年修訂海牙規則維斯比議定書的通過，統一的程度有所降低。
  6. Having this in mind, researching methodologies and ideas of this paper are based on the analysis of general principles of burden of proof in civil law. meanwhile, taking into account the specialties of shipping law, this paper compared the rules of burden of proof among hague rules, hague - visby rules, hamburg rules, draft of united states carriage of goods by sea act 1999 ( cogsa ), china maritime code and china contract act 2000

    有鑒於此，本論文對海運貨損索賠舉證責任的研究是建立在對一般民事舉證責任分析的基礎上，結合海商法特點，重點對《海牙規則》 、 《海牙威斯比規則》 、 《漢堡規則》 、美國1999年海上貨物運輸法草案以及我國《合同法》 、 《海商法》對海運貨損索賠舉證責任的規定做了具體的比較和分析。
  7. In the third part, the writer firstly is in an attempt to analyze rules of burden of proof in the importantly international conventions, namely hague rules, hague - visby rules and hamburg rules. by paying a close scrutiny on judicial precedents in different countries, the different approaches on the burden of proof in these conventions have been further stressed. under the international criticisms towards these approaches, the united states has drafted its carriage of goods by

    另一方面，在各國對規則要求進行修改的呼聲中，美國已推出了1999年海上貨物運輸法草案，美國作為世界上經濟一大強國，這部法律的出臺肯定會對我國海商領域產生重大的影響，在該草案中在舉證責任方面做了許多有別于現有國際公約的規定，因此在本論文中對美國99cogsa的相關規定也做了具體評析。
  8. In different legal system, that is distinct. ship owner, ship manager and shipping agent, taking part in the transport trade, always affect finding the carrier. in many countries, " carrier " means any person by whom or in whose name a contract of carriage of goods by sea has been concluded with a shipper

    不同法律制度下， 「承運人」的定義有所區別： 《海牙規則》把承運人限定為與托運人訂有海上運輸契約的船舶所有人和承租人； 《漢堡規則》及包括我國在內的多數國家把承運人定義為與托運人訂有海上運輸契約的任何人。
  9. This article has been divided into five chapters, the contents of five chapters respectively are : the contents of the first chapter are about pollution compensation that oil leakage of the ships lead to in " maritime law " ; the contents of the second chapter are about delay delivery of the goods in " maritime law " ; the contents of the third chapter are about the cargo lien that the marine carriers have in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fourth chapter are about the rights that the shippers can change and terminate the contract unilaterally in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fifth chapter are about the limitation of liability for maritime claims system in " maritime law ". the contents of each chapter of this article are about a flaw of " maritime law ". as a result of the limit of article length and the limit of author ability, it is impossible to analyze the article of " maritime law " gradually, the article is only about five quite important flaws of " maritime law " to form five chapters, then we will introduce them gradually

    但是，隨著我國加入wto ，國際貿易和海上運輸迅速的發展， 《海商法》在實施中暴露出很多不足。因此，有必要遵循科學性、適時性和法制統一性等立法的基本原則，對《海商法》及時進行修改。筆者認為，應當認真總結《海商法》成功的經驗和失敗的教訓，從目前和今後一個時期海上和與海相通的內陸水域的運輸和經濟貿易的現實和發展對法律的需要出發，參照和借鑒其他民商立法、國際海事條約、民間規則和合同格式，以及國外先進的立法例，吸收海商法理論研究成果，並考慮國際海事立法的發展趨勢，在船舶油污損害賠償的規定，遲延交付的規定，海上貨物留置權的規定，托運人變更解除合同權利的規定，海事賠償責任限制制度的規定等幾個方面修改現行《海商法》 。
  10. Based on the statistic materials of ports and shipping lines and the advice of specialists, this article analyzed the development course and status of passenger ocean transport on china - korea course, generalized the current problems. taking the port of weihai, qingdao and renchuan for example, using time series method, the author forecasted the volume of passenger on china - korea course in the next 10 years, analyzed the supply capacity and structure of passenger transport fleet, studied the constitute of the fleet, and made balance program for the passenger transport capacity on china - korea course, put forward tariff policy and competition mode of shipping companies

    本文在調查收集港航各方面的統計資料，聽取有關專家的意見的基礎上，分析了中韓航線海上客運的發展歷程和現狀，總結了現在存在的問題；運用時間序列預測法，選取威海、青島和仁川為例，對山東半島至韓國間的客滾運輸航線的客、貨運輸進行了今後10年該航線的客流量預測；分析了客運船隊運力供給及其結構，研究了當前船隊構成存在的問題，作出了中韓航線客運運力的平衡規劃；提出航運公司的運價策略，運輸競爭模式。
  11. ( contract law of pro ) make up the aforesaid legal vacuum. notwithstanding many provisions provided for by contract law may apply to charter party in the absence of the corresponding provisions in maritime law, the aforesaid provisions are just general provisions. charter party, as an special type of contract, has many particular characters differ from the common business contract and formed many unique usages after hundreds years of practice

    雖然新合同法的實施使許多海商法中沒有規定的有關租船合同的事項可以直接從新合同法中找到調整依據，但這些規定往往都是一些原則性的規定，而租船合同作為較偏門的合同種類，其存在著許多與普通民商事合同不同的獨特特徵並且租船運輸在海上運輸中有著上百年的歷史，行成了許多獨特的習慣做法。
  12. It aims to bring up to date china ' s laws and regulations of compensation for casualties at sea, so that they would better fit in with the fast - changing social, economical and legal situations in china after its accession to the world trade organization. it attempts to seek out, to be specific, a way of compensation as sound as possible which would maximally protect the legitimate rights of both the owners of vessels and the victims, hopefully by satisfactorily balancing the interests of the two parties. the ultimate purpose of this paper therefore, is to provide certain theoretical support for modifying relevant laws and regulations in this realm in china

    研究的目的在於適應我國法律法規不斷完善的新形勢，使海上人身傷亡損害賠償的法律規定與各相關法律規定接軌，與我國加入wto后的新形勢接軌；並根據我國的國情，探求一種科學合理的海上人身傷亡損害賠償辦法，盡可能地找到一個海上運輸業和受害者兩者利益間的平衡點，使海上運輸業和受害者的合法權利得到更加充分的保護；進一步研究海上人身傷亡損害賠償的法律理論基礎，為進一步修改我國海上人身傷亡損害賠償的有關法律提供依據。
  13. China has also acceded to the 30 - some conventions formulated by the imo, such as the 1965 convention on facilitation of international maritime traffic, 1990 international convention on oil pollution preparedness, response and cooperation, international convention on standards of training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers, 1978, as amended, 1974 international convention for the safety of life at sea, international convention for the prevention of pollution from ships, 1973, as modified by the protocol of 1978 relating thereto ( marpol, or 73 / 78 convention on pollution convention ), athens convention relating to the carriage of passengers and their luggage by sea, 1974, and international convention for the unification of certain rules of law with respect to collision between vessels

    中國先後加入了國際海事組織制定的30多項公約，其中包括《 1965年便利國際海上運輸公約》 、 《 1990年國際油污防備、反應和合作公約》 、 《 1995年海員培訓、發證和值班標準國際公約》 、 《 1974年國際海上人命安全公約》 、 《 1973 / 78年國際防止船舶造成污染公約》及其有關修正案、 《 1974年海上旅客及其行李運輸雅典公約》 、 《統一船舶碰撞某些法律規定的國際公約》等國際公約。
  14. During the past years, there appear the cases of marine defraud concerning nvocc are increasing in the foreign trade transportation in our country, and rules and regulations of nvocc are not definite. for example, whether the nvocc ' s b / l which is not registered under the rules and regulations can be issued in our country or not, and whether the activity of domestic freight forward on behalf of issuing the nvocc ' s b / l is valid or not, we can not find the answer from the law

    近年來，在我國外貿運輸中，涉及無船承運人的海運欺詐案件有上升的趨勢，與無船承運人相關法律、法規尚不明確，如未經我國合法登記的無船承運人提單是否可以在我國簽發，國內貨運代理人企業代理簽發此類提單行為是否有效等問題，法律沒有明確規定。
  15. To resolve the conflicts of laws certain rules are developed, among which, the rule of party autonomy, the rule of closest connection are commonly used. the jurisdiction clause and arbitration clause in bill of lading also have great impact on the proper law of the bill of lading

    在解決國際海上貨物運輸合同法律沖突的實踐中，沖突規范發展至今並得到普遍適用的原則有當事人意思自治原則、最密切聯系原則等，並且合同管轄權條款和仲裁條款對合同準據法的確定也具有重要作用。
  16. In respect of goods carried on deck all risks of loss or damage by perils inherent in such carriage shall be borne by the shipper or the consignee but in all other respects the custody and carriage of such goods shall be governed by the terms of this bill of lading and the provisions stated in said carriage of goods by sea act notwithstanding sec. l （ c ） thereof

    就艙面貨而言，發貨人或收貨人應承擔艙面裝運自身風險而造成的一切滅失或損失，但在其他方面，艙面貨的監護和承運應按本提單條款和上述《海上貨物運輸法》的規定執行，盡管本合同第1條第3款作有規定。
  17. The author makes a comparative analysis of the provisions of the prc maritime code regulating the liability of the carrier for the death of or personal injury to a passenger and the corresponding solutions of foreign laws and international conventions. she seeks to establish to what degree the solutions of international conventions have been incorporated into the prc maritime code and predict to what degree the amendment of athens convention will impact the domestic law. at the international level the carrier ' s liability has been stated by the 1974 athens convention relating to the carriage of passengers and their luggage by sea ( athens convention )

    《海商法》及其配套法規僅就海上旅客運輸合同中承運人對旅客人身傷亡損害賠償限額作出明確的規定，我國法律和實務界對海上旅客人身傷亡損害的賠償范圍沒有作出明確規定，故作者對運輸過程中應由承運人負責的旅客人身傷亡的金錢損害賠償和精神損害賠償展開討論，參照外國和國內的相關法律制度，明確其賠償范圍和具體的計算方法。
  18. （ b ） paragraph （ a ） of this bill of lading shall be applicable and the carrier shall be entitled - to avail itself of all rights or immunities provided for in the carriage of goods by sea act of the united states, approved april 16, 1936, although the contract of carriage evidenced by this bill of lading is not for the carriage of goods by sea to or from ports of the united states ; however, if this bill of lading is issued in canada, and contains or is evidence of a contract for the carriage of goods by water in a ship or ships carrying goods from any port in canada to any other port, whether in or outside canada, then this bill of lading shall have effect subject to the provisions of the rules as applied by the water carriage of goods act, 1936, of the dominion of canada, and said act and rules shall be deemed incorporated herein and nothing herein contained shall be deemed a surrender by the carrier of any of its rights or immunities, or an increase of any of its responsibilities or liabilities under said act and rules, and if any term of this bill of lading be repugnant to said act and rules to any extent, such term shall be void to that extent, but no further

    在適用本提單第1條規定時，承運人有權享有1936年4月16日的美國《海上貨物運輸法》所規定的各項權利或豁免權，即使本提單所證明的運輸合同不是有關來往美國港口的海上貨物運輸；然而，如果本提單是由加拿大所簽發，且該提單是運輸合同或是一個從加拿大的任何港口將貨物用船舶水運到其他港口（不論此港口是否在加拿大）的合同證明，本提單的效力依據1936年《貨物水運法》的規則規定，且適用於加拿大領域，上述水運法和規則規定應視為是本提單的一部分，本提單的任何規定不得視為承運人放棄任何權利或豁免權，或增加水運法和規則所規定的責任或義務，凡與上述水運法和規則抵觸的本提單的條款，在抵觸范圍內無效。
  19. B ) paragraph ( a ) of this bill of lading shall be applicable and the carrier shall be entitled - to avail itself of all rights or immunities provided for in the carriage of goods by sea act of the united states, approved april 16, 1936, although the contract of carriage evidenced by this bill of lading is not for the carriage of goods by sea to or from ports of the united states ; however, if this bill of lading is issued in canada, and contains or is evidence of a contract for the carriage of goods by water in a ship or ships carrying goods from any port in canada to any other port, whether in or outside canada, then this bill of lading shall have effect subject to the provisions of the rules as applied by the water carriage of goods act, 1936, of the dominion of canada, and said act and rules shall be deemed incorporated herein and nothing herein contained shall be deemed a surrender by the carrier of any of its rights or immunities, or an increase of any of its responsibilities or liabilities under said act and rules, and if any term of this bill of lading be repugnant to said act and rules to any extent, such term shall be void to that extent, but no further

    在適用本提單第1條規定時，承運人有權享有1936年4月16日的美國《海上貨物運輸法》所規定的各項權利或豁免權，即使本提單所證明的運輸合同不是有關來往美國港口的海上貨物運輸;然而，如果本提單是由加拿大所簽發，且該提單是運輸合同或是一個從加拿大的任何港口將貨物用船舶水運到其他港口（不論此港口是否在加拿大）的合同證明，本提單的效力依據1936年《貨物水運法》的規則規定，且適用於加拿大領域，上述水運法和規則規定應視為是本提單的一部分，本提單的任何規定不得視為承運人放棄任何權利或豁免權，或增加水運法和規則所規定的責任或義務，凡與上述水運法和規則抵觸的本提單的條款，在抵觸范圍內無效
  20. （ a ） this bill of lading shall have effect subject to the provisions of the carriage of goods by sea act of the united states, approved april 16, 1936, which shall be deemed a surrender by the carrier of any of its responsibilities or liabilities under said act

    本提單應依據美國1936年4月16日的《海上貨物運輸法》的規定予以提貨，提貨即視為免除上述法規所規定的承運人的一切責任或義務。
分享友人
分享到 Line

分享到臉書