現有保險經濟 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiànyǒubǎoxiǎnjīngjì]
現有保險經濟 英文
insurance - insurance broker
  • 現 : Ⅰ名詞1 （現在; 此刻） present; now; current; existing 2 （現款） cash; ready money Ⅱ副詞（臨時; ...
  • 有 : 有副詞[書面語] （表示整數之外再加零數）: 30 有 5 thirty-five; 10 有 5年 fifteen years
  • 保 : Ⅰ動詞1 （保衛; 保護） defend; protect 2 （保持） keep; preserve; maintain in good condition 3 （...
  • 險 : Ⅰ名詞1 （險惡不容易通過的地方） a place difficult of access; narrow pass; defile 2 （危險） dange...
  • 經 : 經動詞[紡織] （把紡好的紗或線梳整成經紗或經線） warp
  • 濟 : 濟名詞1. （古水名） the ji river2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 現有 : now available; existing
  • 經濟 : 1 [經] （社會物質生產和再生產的活動） economy 2 （對國民經濟有利或有害的） economic; of industria...
  1. 2 the aggregate model of life insurance establish an aggregate model of life insurance by applying the alien modernly insurance actuarial theories and techniques, including deferred life annuities, whole life insurance and returnable premiums. the model has the following properties : ( a ) through the regulation of various parameters in the model, various insurance products can be obtained ; ( b ) the introduction of whole life annuities in the model eases economic predicament when the insured retire ; ( c ) a returnable premium part in the model makes the insurance products have double functions of insurance and savings ; ( d ) an endowment insurance actuarial model also can be gotten when annuity is continuous. and construct an optimization model based on aggregate model of life insurance

    這個保險精算模型具有如下性質： （ a ）保險公司可以根據實際情況調整參數，不同參數的組合可以得到不同的保險產品，靈活適用性較強； （ b ）年金的引入，可以緩解投保人退休后的經濟窘境，避免或減小因退休而面臨的經濟影響，保險的社會保障性得到了很好的體現； （ c ）模型中的還本部分，使得這種保險產品具有儲蓄和保險的雙重功能，不僅擴大了保險的社會職能，而且對于投保人來說，多了一種安全的投資選擇； （ d ）年金連續的情況下，建立了具有儲蓄功能的養老保險精算模型。
  2. In the whole process of an engineering investment project, there must be various kinds of unstable factors that can take the positive or negative effect upon the project, but the final result is come into being by all these unstable factors. in order to ensure the real benefit, it is absolutely necessary that objective and re asonable analysis and evaluation of the risk be made and corresponding measures be taken. there is very important practical significance to improve the economy benefit of construction project investment in our country

    在一個工程投資項目的全壽命周期過程中，會出現各種不確定性，每個不確定性都會對項目發生影響，但最後的影響結果是由這些不確定性共同作用而產生的，為了確保建設項目的實際收益能力，事先對其風險進行客觀、合理的分析與評價，並採取相應的措施是完全必要的，這對于改善我國建設項目投資的經濟效益具有十分重要的現實意義。
  3. ( 3 ) the idea suggested in this paper of converting flood into utilizable resource 、 attempering flood by engineering means and supervising human behaviors in the flooded area. to overcome the various barriers arising from ideology 、 systems 、 technology and economy which the establishment of risk management system of flood will be confronted with, this paper also suggests a statistical approach to estimate extremum and the concept of gray - uncertainty risk in figuring flood risk and analyses the severe harmfulness of accidents of extremum risk, furthermore, supplements and perfects present quantity - analyzing method of risk loss

    3 、本文提出洪水資源化的觀念，以工程手段對洪水進行調節，以法律、行政、經濟、教育等綜合性的手段對人類在洪泛區中的行為進行管理，是削弱洪水的危害性、減輕洪水風險的有效方式，提高的防洪安全保障需求，實行洪水風險管理是必由之路。洪水風險管理體制的建立必然面臨觀念方面、體制方面、技術方面與經濟方面的重重障礙，並提出洪災風險評價的極值統計學方法和灰色-隨機風險率的概念，建立了其表達形式與計算方法，它完善了現有的風險損失量化方法。
  4. For a specific project, the construction cost of the project can be reasonably and scientifically analyzed and estimated by means of the reasonable planning for the resources allocation adaptable to the project made through the economic assessment on the conduction process ; by which the cost control indexes can be determined, the relevant internal checking mechanism and the budget system for construction cost control can be established, and then the avoidable measures for possible economic risk can be made as well, so as to obtain the benefit indexes adaptable to all the specific items to realize the management of the construction cost control for the whole construction process and build up the scientific and reasonable system of economic responsibility for making a basis for completing the project with better quality effectively, economically and reasonably

    摘要通過項目的過程經濟評佑，制定出適應工程項目的合理資源配置計劃，對具體工程項目的施工成本進行合理、科學的分析判斷，確定成本控制指標，建立施工成本控制內部考核機制和工程施工成本預算制度，找出具體子項的經濟風險源所在，建立相應的經濟風險規避措施，獲取適應每個具體項目的利潤指標，實現工程項目施工全過程的施工成本控制管理並建立科學合理的經濟責任制，以便調動項目部所有施工人員的創造性和主動性，為最終高效、經濟合理、保質保量地完成工程施工任務奠定基礎。
  5. The study shows that through the establishment of risk management system at each stage of engineering insurance, it ma > attain the goal of reducing risk occurrence frequency and loss degree, decreasing the compensation rate, maintaining the justice and benefits of the two party, realizing the security and economy, and reducing the systematical risk of the whole engineering insurance. therefore, the development of engineering insurance can not only meet the requirement of modern construction but also benefit to the capability building of insurance company to develop engineering insurance, resist the adventures, improve international competition, and realize the sustainable development of engineering insurance industry eventually

    研究表明，通過對工程保險各個環節風險管理體系的構建，可以達到減少工程風險發生頻率和損失程度，降低保險人的賠付率和被保險人的自留損失，維護保險雙方的公平和利益並實現保險的安全性和經濟性，從而降低整個工程保險的系統風險的目的，使工程保險既能滿足現代工程建設轉嫁風險的需要，又有利於提高我國保險公司工程保險業務的承保能力、抗風險能力和國際競爭力，最終實現工程保險業的可持續發展。
  6. 3. feasibility analysis of mbs the paper introduces and explains the theory of mbs and analysis the feasibility of mbs in china from many aspects, such as system, laws, financial environment, the situation of housing markets, macroeconomic effect, etc. the reform of land - using system provides mbs system pre - requisite ; the interrelated laws offer the law guarantee for mbs ; the issue of " security act " indicates that the security market of china is being normalized, and the developing prospect of finance in china brings mbs effective support ; the dilemma between the surplus and the shortage of commercial housing gives mbs an important turning point ; the macroeconomic effect of mbs is that it accelerates the economy, reduces the pressure of currency inflation, dissolves the operating risks of finance organs and makes the finance system operate steadily

    三、我國住房抵押證券化的可行性分析本文從住房抵押貨款證券化（ mbs ）的理論分析入手，結合我國住房抵押貸款的發展狀況，分別從制度、法律保障、金融環境、住房市場現狀、宏觀經濟效應等幾方面論述了mbs在我國的可行性：土地使用制度改革為實施mbs提供了制度前提；配套法律制度為實施mbs提供了法律保障； 《證券法》的正式出臺，標志著我國證券市場走向規范，我國良好的金融業發展前景為mbs提供了有效的支持；現階段住房市場的有效供給與有效需求雙重約束的矛盾存在，為證券化實施提供了重要契機； mbs的宏觀經濟效應在於拉動國內需求，促進經濟增長，減輕通貨膨脹壓力，化解金融機構經營風險，保持金融體系穩定運行。
  7. All this is to be done through actuarial science takes probability theory and mathematical statistics as its standing point, evaluates the outcome of risky events, the future financial balance as well as debt level for various economic programs. in this way, the actuarial science can help us put these programs onto a safety financial basis for future development

    精算科學是現代保險業和社會保障事業建立和正常運作的數理基礎，它以概率論與數理統計為基礎，與人口、社會、經濟有關科學相結合，對風險事件進行評價，對各種經濟安全方案的未來財務收支和債務水平進行估計，使經濟安全方案建立在穩定發展的財務基礎上。
  8. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  9. This thesis takes the process of the futures delivery as the object of the research, analyzes and investigates the physical delivery system. firstly the thesis introduces the connotation, status and functions of the futures delivery in the futures market, and then makes a deep research in the futures delivery systems concerned such as the designing of the grade of the listed commodity at par as well as the premium and discount, the selection of the delivery locations and the regulation on the designated delivery warehouses, as well as the management and circulation of the warehouse receipts. on the basis of the above - mentioned analysis, this paper makes some constructive suggestions and recommendations on the improvement and innovation of the futures delivery to be taken by the chinese futures market at the present stage

    本文首先闡明了期貨交割在期貨市場中的經濟內涵、樞紐地位和功能保障作用；然後，從合約設計出發，用均衡原理揭示了期貨交割制度與品種活躍和風險控制的有機關系；進而，對比中外交割制度，通過比較，認清了中外現貨基礎、誠信和法制等環境因素的差距，明白了「拿來」的內容和如何構建中國特色的交割制度；從而，就小麥國家標準的歷史局限性，標準和替代交割品級及其升貼水的設計原則，交割標準把握的出發點和落腳點，交割倉庫設置和管理的目標和狀況，標準倉單沾滯的根源等期貨市場交割制度及相關規定，進行了深入而細致的剖析。
  10. This thesis shall call all rules concerning insurance regulation the law of insurance regulation, and analyses the general rule and theory combined with practice related to the area of the subject here discussed adopting scientific accomplishments from fields of law, economy, sociology, administration, philosophy, etc. and experiences of developed countries " practice. also it discusses theories on the economic law from the angle of departmental economic law in hope of benefiting china ' s related application

    本文將現代各種有關保險監管的法律法規統稱為保險監管法，吸收法學、經濟學、社會學、管理學和哲學等學科領域的研究成果，立足國內，借鑒發達國家保險監管的實踐經驗，對保險監管法的一般原理與機制進行實證和規范相結合的分析，從部門經濟法的角度對經濟法的理論研究作了闡釋，期望能有利於我國保險監管的實踐。
  11. In some developed countries, as the pressure of the former basic endowment insurance increases year by year, a lot of countries are carrying out the reforms on the endowment insurance system in order to guarantee the life of the retired personnel and to reduce the social factors leading to social instability

    社會保障制度自19世紀80年代建立以來，已成為現代社會不可缺少的社會經濟制度。在一些發達國家，隨著原有基本養老保險的壓力逐年增大，為保證退休人員的生活，減少社會不安定因素，各國紛紛出臺改革養老保險制度的辦法。
  12. Abstract : based on the reality of safety management in china, the necessity of utilizing the control mechanism balanced economically by the worker ' s injury to the management is analyzed. further more, the complex evaluation model and index system for building the control mechanism was established

    文摘:從我國安全管理實際出發，分析了藉助于工傷保險的經濟杠桿作用實現國家對企業安全管理制約機制的必要性，並對建立制約機制有關的指標體系及綜合評估模型，以及該機制實現等問題進行了深入探討。
  13. Some scholar in theoretically deny the fund system efficiency hypothesis thoroughly, and prove that the pure individual self - insurance is not able to promote the economic efficiency, but to create a series of macroscopic economical consequences such as the excessive deposits, interest rate drops and inhabitant future income drop. on the contrary, the social security arrangement depended on the country expenditure can promote the efficiency actually

    有學者在理論上徹底否定了基金制的效率假說，證明了純粹的個人自我保險不僅不能促進經濟效率，反而造成過度儲蓄、利率下降，居民未來收入下降等一系列宏觀經濟後果;相反，依靠國家財政支出實現的社會保障安排卻可以增進效率。
  14. As one important part of capital market, second board could satisfy little and new companies " funds need. meanwhile it could promote the adjustment of economic structure by supplying funds for those companies that have the prospect of developing and high scientific and technological content. setting up of second board also provides a way that ventures capital could realize its increase

    二板市場通過對具有高新技術含量和高成長性的中小企業提供資本支持，促進其近一步發展壯大，從而實現經濟結構的調整，而風險投資家也可以通過二板市場這個股權交易場所實現風險投資資本的增值，並進而激勵新的風險投資，保證整個風險投資鏈條的循環。
  15. On the basis of literature review, we first identify the main risks in the china " s life insurance industry. the mange risks of life insurance are divided three types : the first type is the risk of environment including the risk of period of operating cycle, the risk of market competition, the policy risk and catastrophic risk ; the second type is operational risk, including decision risk, location risk of branch of insurance and so on. the third type is man - made risk, including the morals risk, psychological risk and so on

    在對現有文獻和研究成果總結回顧的基礎上，本文首先分析了中國壽險業面臨的主要風險，壽險的經營風險分為三大類：第一類是環境性風險，包括經濟周期風險、市場競爭風險、政策風險、巨災風險；第二類是經營性風險，包括決策風險、險種定位風險、定價風險、業務管理風險、準備金風險、投資風險、分保風險、退保風險、應收保費風險、財務管理風險、破產風險；第三類是人為性風險，包括道德風險、心理風險、逆選擇風險、從業人員素質風險。
  16. According to me theory of path dependence, the essay finally recommends that strategies and their corresponding measures regarding the implementation of financial derivative instruments should be carried out in china depending on the levels and stages of the then market conditions. the creation of the essay may be outlined into the following aspects : 1. based on the results of study on financial derivative instruments at home and from abroad, the essay has theoretically clarified the core functions and characteristics of financial derivative instruments by further explaining some issues of financial derivative instruments in a deep - going and comprehensive way and creatively points out that the core function of financial derivative instruments is to eliminate the asymmetrical information, which has theoretically laid a concrete foundation for the implementation of financial derivative instruments in terms of preventing and controlling loan risks of banks

    關于風險的定義，國內外學術界有不同的學說，第一種是損失可能說和損失不確定說， 1895年，美國學者海尼斯（ h聊esj ）在《 riskasaneconomicfactor 》中，提出「風險意味著損害的可能性」 ， 1901年美國學者威利特（ ahweillet ）在博士論文《風險與保險的經濟理論》中指出「風險是關于不願發生事件的不確定性的客觀體現」 ，在這種學說中對風險的定義有三層含義：一是風險是客觀的；二是風險的發生具有不確定性：三是不確定性的程度可以用概率來描述。
  17. Starting from the perspectives of economics and the reality in our country, the paper illustrates the necessary existence of credit guarantee institution for medium & small - sized enterprise and emphasizes its functions such as revising asymmetric market information, facilitating the implementation of macro - economic policies and perfecting credit economy etc. it focuses on analyzing how the operational process of guarantee institution handles the relationship between enterprise and bank and forwards four methods to precaution against risks for the guaranteed, guarantee institution itself and bank respectively, i. e. finding the breaking point, carrying out guarantee and venture investment meanwhile, enhancing anti - guarantee measure and sharing risks with bank etc. following above, it puts forward improving operating model of oriental wisdom guarantee co. limited

    本文從經濟學的角度以及我國的現實出發，闡述了中小企業信用擔保機構存在的必要性，強調了它在修正市場信息不對稱狀態、促進宏觀經濟政策的實施、完善信用經濟等方面的作用。論文的核心是對擔保機構在運作流程中如何處理與企業、銀行的關系進行了研究，並分別從針對擔保對象、自身和銀行的角度提出了四種防範風險的方法，即尋找切入點、擔保與風險投資并行、加強反擔保措施以及與銀行共擔風險。據此對中科智信用擔保有限公司的運作模式提出了改進意見。
  18. In despite of the lack of complete law and code, insurance assess activities which is adaptive to the economy development had become an indisputable fact of our everyday life. meanwhile, it show an oppisitive trend of development. how to treat and induct insurance compensating assessors correctly, boost its development, help it to take an important role in the achievement of completing market and reforming insurance enterprises, has become an significant task of insurance trade

    盡管我國有關保險公估人的具體政策法規尚不完善，但與市場經濟發展相適應的保險公估活動在我國保險經濟生活中已經成為不可爭議的事實，並呈現出進一步的發展態勢。如何正視市場經濟發展過程中出現的這種保險中介組織，從政策上加以正確引導和扶持，促進其健康而快速的發展，發揮其在完善保險市場體系，推動保險企業改革中的作用，已經成為保險界面臨的重大課題。
  19. With the development of market economy, there are more and more attentions paid to the protection of shareholders and stakeholders. expanding directors ’ civil liabilities is becoming the trend and track of the development of corporate law. as an effective risk diversification mechanism, directors ’ and officers ’ liability insurance ( d & o liability insurance ) can directly protect the directors ’ interests and indirectly protect the interests of the company and relative parties

    董事責任保險作為一種在現代市場經濟大發展背景下催生的直接保障董事、間接保障公司和利害關系人利益的董事經營風險分散機制，它有效地化解了董事對第三方的民事責任賠償風險，並有助於消除當前公司治理中董事中心主義所導致的消極影響，在一定程度上促進了公司治理模式的優化。
  20. Compared with traditional insurance industry, modern insurance includes not only economic compensation function, but also the fund circulation function and social risk management function. it is a new hedge definition of insurance business which were in possession equivalent important status in modern insurance industry, furthermore insurance fund must enforce there basic aspects that reform investment supervision policy, strengthen self ability of management in insurance company and improve capital market environment impel these three aspects together

    隨著我國加入世界貿易組織、社會主義市場經濟的發展、直接承保業務利潤的下降以及保險經營思路的轉變，保險法關于保險資金運用的規定不能適應保險業發展要求的弊端日益凸現，使保險公司不能有效地吸收風險、管理風險，並從中獲得收益，而只能被動地迴避風險，其結果是形成嚴重的風險累計循環效應。
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